Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Acraephia
(608 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Apollo | Macedonia, Macedones | Education / Culture | Boeotia, Boeotians (Ἀκραίφια, Ἀκραιφία, Ἀκραιφίαι, Ἀκραίφιον, Ἀκραίφνιον, Ἀκραίφνια;
Akraíphia,
Akraiphía,
Akraiphíai,
Akraíphion,
Akraíphnion,
Akraíphnia. On the name: [5. 125]). Boeotian town on the eastern edge of the former Lake Copais on the western foothills of Mount Ptoon, north of a deep bay, which, from about the 6th cent. BC to the 1st cent. AD, was separated from the lake by a frequently renewed dam a…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acragas
(744 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Sicily | Christianity | | Etrusci, Etruria | Italy, languages | Colonization | Punic Wars | Punic Wars (Ἀκράγας;
Akrágas, Latin Agragantum/Agrigentum, in the Middle Ages Girgenti). River and town (modern Agrigento) on the south-west coast of Sicily, 4 km inland on a steep rocky hill, which rises from 50 m in the south to 328 m in the north and 351 m in the north-east, encircled by the rivers Hypsas in the west and A. (S. Biagio) in the east, which join south of…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acra Leuce
(225 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Hispania, Iberia (Ἀκρα Λευκή;
Ákra Leukḗ) Because of its Greek name, García y Bellido [2. 5925,10,3] took the town's foundation by Hamilcar, as reported in Diod. Sic. 25,10,3 f.; 25,10,12, as evidence for the existence of a preceding Greek settlement at A. Generally, based on a rather questionable interpretation of the toponymy of Acra -- Castrum Album/Lucentum/Alicante -- its location is supposed to be within the municipal area of Alicante; other …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acratus
(72 words)
[German version] (Ἀκρατος;
Ákratos) Greek personal name, especially common among slaves and freedmen [1]. A., freedman of Nero, collected artworks at his order in Achaea and Asia, including images of gods with which the
domus aurea was supposed to be outfitted; he encountered resistance in Pergamum, only Rhodes eluded him (Tac. Ann. 15,45,2; 16,23,1; Dio Chrys. 31,149; PIR2 A 95). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography
1 H. Solin, Die griech. PN, vol. 2, 1982, 727.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acrillae
(59 words)
[German version] (Ἄκριλλαι;
Ákrillai). Settlement in Sicily, ‘not far from Syracusae’ (Steph. Byz. s. v. A.); Plut. Marcellus 18,2; Liv. 24,35,8; if one accepts the identification with the modern Chiaramonte Gulfi [1], it continued to exist into late antiquity (Greek epitaphs). Guzzetta, G. (Milan) Bibliography A. Di Vita, Iscrizioni funerarie siciliane di età cristiana, in: Epigraphica 11, 1950, 93-110.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acrisius
(185 words)
[German version] (Ἀκρίσιος;
Akrísios). Argive, son of Abas and Aglaea (Apollod. 2,24; Schol. Eur. Or. 965; Ocaleia), spouse of Aganippe (Eurydice Paus. 3,13,8), father of Danae. A. expelled his twin brother Proetus from the land; however, with the help of his father-in-law, the Lycian Iobates (Amphianax), Proetus compelled A. to share his kingdom with him; Proetus received Tiryns, A., Argus. Because of a prophecy that a descendant would cause his death [1], A. locked Danae in a subterranean iron va…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acroceraunia
(106 words)
[German version] (τὰ Ἀκροκεραύνια;
tá Akrokeraúnia). Mountain range on the coast of Epirus (modern Karaburun in Albania), as a continuation of the Ceraunian Mountains on the territory of the Chaones, border to Illyria (Str. 7,7,5; Plin. HN 3,97,1; 145,2), also a peninsula with a length of 16 km and a breadth of 3-5 km, and up to 800 m in height, protecting the Gulf of Aulon (Vlores) and the port of Oricus. Because of its inhospitality and frequent storms metonymous for ‘dangerous places’ (Ov. Rem. am. 739; cf. ThLL 1, 42). Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography N.G.L. Hammond, Epirus, 1…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acron [of Acragas]
(131 words)
[German version] (Ἄκρων;
Ákrōn) [of Acragas] Son of a doctor of the same name (Diog. Laert. 8,65), older contemporary of Hippocrates. He was supposed to have rid Athens of the pest by lighting big fires in 430 BC (Plut. De Is. et Os. 80 [cf. 1]). The Empiricists (Ps.-Gal. 14,638) considered A. as founder of their school and as such he entered the doxographic tradition [2]. It is possible that he participated in the debates regarding the epistemological value of sensory perception (he was familiar …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acropolis
(374 words)
[German version] (ἀκρόπολις/
akrópolis, 'upper city'), the highest part (
ákros = 'located at the top') of a Greek settlement, in Greece and in the Aegean area often with fortification walls, rarely so in the colonies of Sicily and Lower Italy (Fortifications). The original reference to these elevated settlements as
pólis (on the Mycenaean roots of the word s. Polis I) was preserved in the designation of the Acropolis of Athens as
pólis up into the 5th cent. BC (Thuc. 2,15,6; cf. Aristoph. Nub. 69; Paus. 1,26,6). When settlements began to extend down the slopes begi…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acropolis 606, painter of
(149 words)
[German version] Attic black-figured vase painter around 570/560 BC, named after his
dînos, found on the Acropolis (Athens, AM 606), with the representation of a Homeric battle with eight war chariots; in the adjoining frieze, the earliest depiction of a contemporary cavalry engagement. The painter of Acropolis 606, to whom seven vases have been attributed, is a contemporary of Clitias, but his style of drawing is on a larger scale and more passionate; apart from that, he likes unusual, overlapping arrange…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acrostich
(733 words)
[German version] A. Definition Greek ἀκροστιχίς (
akrostichís; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 4,62,6), ἀκροστίχιον (
akrostíchion; Or. Sib. 11, 17 and 23) and plur. τὰ ἀκρόστιχα (
tà akrósticha; as a heading: Anth. Pal. 9,385). Letters, syllables or words that start consecutive verses or especially lines of verse (ὁ στίχος,
ho stíchos; verse, lines of prose), or strophes and form a meaningful connection. As a result of this feature the whole poem also came to be known as acrostich. If a vertical row of letters, highlighted i. a. by spacing, formed the acrostich, this was termed παραστιχίς (
parastichí…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acrotatus
(173 words)
(Ἀκρότατος;
Akrótatos). [German version] [1] Older son of Cleomenes II (2nd half of 4th cent. BC) Older son of Cleomenes II, Agiad, left Sparta in 315/14 BC without the permission of the ephors in order to conduct for the banned Syracusians and their allies the war against Agathocles [2]. In the course of this A. is supposed to have been very savage and debauched without achieving larger military successes; he was therefore expelled and died soon thereafter in Sparta even before his father (Diod. Sic. 19,70 f.; Paus. 1,13,5; 3,6,2; Plut. Agis 3). Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acta
(828 words)
[German version]
Acta identifies the result of
agere (to cause or pursue something). In legal language,
agere refers to action directed toward the creation or alteration of rights (Dig. 50,16,19) by private persons, but especially through organs of public law such as magistrates, courts and generally holders of ‘jurisdiction’ (Dig. 4,6,35,8).
Agere can be exclusively oral, but is often also documented in written form in the interest of enforcement, verification and proof. I.
Acta in the legal sense refers to the variously documented and archived public records of leg…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acta Alexandrinorum
(135 words)
[German version] Compilation of Egyptian papyrus collections, also misleadingly called martyr records, which document the relationship of the Alexandrians to Rome in the form of court reports, speeches, addresses, legation reports and letters. Today it is as good as proven that the papers were created shortly after the described events, that is, in the time from the first half of the 1st cent. to the beginning of the 3rd cent. AD. They are not, however, copies of official documents as they purport…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Actaeon
(297 words)
[German version] (Ἀκταίων;
Aktaíōn). a) Theban: son of Aristaeus, son of Apollo and Cyrene, and Autonoe, daughter of Cadmus and Harmonia (Hes. fr. 217 A; Eur. Bacch. 230). b) Attica: mythical king and eponym of Attica (Str. 9,1,18; Paus. 1,2,6: Actaeus). Variants of a): 1. A. rapes Semele; consequently Zeus sends Artemis to set A.'s dogs on him. A. is torn to pieces. (Hes. fr. 217, cf. 346; Stesich. fr. 236 PMG; Acusilaus FGrH 2 F 33; Apollod. 3,31). 2. A. is killed, because he boasts that he is a …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Actaeus
(145 words)
(Ἀκταῖος;
Aktaîos), ‘he from the coast’ (
akte) or ‘of Akte’. [German version] [1] Attic primal king Attic primal king, the first (Paus. 1,2,6) or successor of Porphyrion (Paus. 1,14,7); father of the (first) Aglaurus, the wife of Cecrops and mother of Aglaurus [2], Herse and Pandrosus (Apollod. 3,180, who in 3,177 first made Cecrops the primal king). Attica was first called Acte after him, as was the Piraeus peninsula in the historical period (Apollod. 3,177; Harpocrat. s. v.
Akte). According to Pherecydes (FGrH 3 F 60) he is father of Telamon of Glauce, the daughter of th…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Acta Maximiliana
(86 words)
[German version] The martyr records of Maximilianus of Tebessa, who in AD 295 refused military service because he was a Christian (
quia Christianus sum ... nonmilito saeculo, sed milito Deo meo). The Acta Maximiliana describe the mustering by the proconsul Dion, when Maximilianus unwaveringly refused service (
non possum malefacere), and his subsequent execution. They are significant for our understanding of the Christian position on military service in the time of Diocletianus. Martyrs Redies, Michael (Berlin) Bibliography E. Pucciarelli, I cristiani e il servizio mil…
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Brill’s New Pauly