Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Abella
(275 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Villa | Italy, languages Town in Campania near Nola on the road from Capua to Abellinum (Ἀβέλλα;
Abélla, Abellae, Str. 5,4,11; Plin. HN 3,63; Ptol. 3,11; Charisius, gramm. 1,35), modern Avella, founded by settlers from Chalcis (Just. Epit. 20,1); its mythological name is
Moera, its mythological founder Muranus (Serv. Aen. 7,740). During the Social Wars, A. paid for its loyalty to Rome in 87 BC with pillage by Nola (Granius Licinianus 35,20,8). A Roman
colonia before 73 BC (Sall. Hist. 3, fr. 97), it became a
municipium …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abellinum
(169 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae Town of the Hirpini in Campania, on the border of southern Samnium ( Samnites), close to the modern Cività. A
colonia under Sulla, Augustus, and Severus Alexander, it rose to
civitas ,
tribus Galeria. A. is situated on a terrace on the left bank of the Sabato river, west of Atripalda. Two wall circuits are preserved (
opus quadratum, 3rd cent. BC,
opus reticulatum with towers and moats of the Augustan colony), also baths, houses, an amphitheatre south of the town outside the walls; aqueduct to …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abeona
(82 words)
[German version] Roman ‘special deity’ which according to Varro (ant. rer. div. 116 Cardauns) is mentioned in Christian polemic (Tert. Ad nat. 2,11; Aug. civ. 4,21) together with Adeona, and is derived from
abire or
adire. According to Varro both are deities of childhood; the etymological derivation probably refers to the first attempts to walk. The problems associated with all
indigitamenta apply to the name. Graf, Fritz (Columbus, OH) Bibliography B. Cardauns, M. Terentius Varro. Antiquitates rerum divinarum II (commentary), 1976, 206.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abgar
(191 words)
The name of several kings of Osroene in the era from 94 BC to AD 244. Worthy of notice are: [German version] [1] II. Ariamnes bar Abgar (68-53 BC) A. II Ariamnes bar Abgar, reigned 68-53 BC. He was accused by the Romans of having caused the catastrophe of Crassus. Schottky, Martin (Pretzfeld) [German version] [2] V Ukkāmā (the Black) (4BC to 50 AD) A. V Ukkāmā (the Black), 4 BC - AD 7 and AD 13-50; played a dubious role in the Parthian struggle for the throne between Gotarzes II and Meherdates. Schottky, Martin (Pretzfeld) [German version] [3] VIII, the Great (77-212 AD) A. VIII, the Great, 177-21…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abgar Legend
(327 words)
[German version] The Abgar legend is a pseudepigraphic correspondence between Jesus of Nazareth and king Abgar V. Ukkāmā (= the Black; Tac. Ann. 12,12,2) of Edessa, who ruled the kingdom of Osroene from 4 BC to AD 50. The oldest version in Eusebius, who allegedly found the letters in the Edessene archives and translated them from Syriac (H.E. 1,13,6-21). A. supposedly heard of Jesus' healing and invited him to Edessa to be healed by him. In his answer Jesus praised the king as blessed but would …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abia
(122 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Achaeans, Achaea (Ἀβία;
Abía). Coastal town in eastern Messenia (Plin. HN 4,22; Ptol. 3,14,31), the modern Palaiochora, 6 km south of Kalamata. Its equation with Ἱρή (Hire), one of the seven towns mentioned in Hom. Il. 9,150, is questionable. Perioikoi-polis of Sparta, from 338 BC controlled by Messene, with the exception of 183-146 BC, when A. was an independent member of the Achaean Confederacy (Pol. 23,17); sanctuaries of Heracles and Asc…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abii
(154 words)
[German version] (Ἄβιοι;
Ábioi). According to Hom. Il. 13,5 f. a tribe in northern Thrace who, with the Glactophagi and Hippemolgi were the justest of mankind. Identical with Aeschylus' Γάβιοι (
Gábioi) (
Prometheus Lyomenos fr. 196,3, TGF 3). In later literature, they became the subject of etymological and idealizing speculations (e.g. FGrH Ephoros 70 fr. 42). Together with the Hippemolgi (as early as Ps.-Hesiod, Katalogos Gynaikon fr. 150,15 f. M.-W.) and Glactophagi (cf. loc. cit. fr. 151), they were identified as Scythian…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abila
(244 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Pompeius Town (mod. Quwailibeh) 15 km north-west of Irbid (Jordan). The ruins of A. cover an area of
c. 1.5 km × 0.5 km, which comprises two hills, Tell A. and Khirbat Umm al-Amad [1. 1 f.] to the south. The settlement, which had been continuously settled from the 3rd millennium BC to the Iron Age, was refounded under the Seleucids. Polybius (5,69-70) noted its conquest by Antiochus III in 218 BC. Its inclusion in the Decapolis occurred no later than at that time. Remains of a street grid with
cardo and
decumanus, a theatre and aq…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abinnaeus Archive
(128 words)
[German version] Papyrus collection of Flavius Abinnaeus, who was
praefectus alae in Dionysia (Egypt) between AD 342 and 351. This collection contains letters, contracts, invoices, and tax and other rolls, which are, at least in part, well-preserved and provide excellent insight into daily life in Egypt in the fourth century. The papyri are collected in Bell [1] (additions in [2; 3] and [4]). Redies, Michael (Berlin) Bibliography
1 H. I. Bell et al., The Abinnaeus Archive, 1962
2 R. Rémondon, Militaires et civils dans une campagne Égyptienne au temps de Constance II,…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abisares
(184 words)
[German version] Indian prince named after his tribe (the Abhisari), who was allied with Poros. His territory reached from the southern chain of the Karakorum to Kashmir in the east and Hazera (near Rawalpindi) in the west. He supported the resistance to Alexander [4] in Swat (Arr. Anab. 4,27,7; 30,7), but then sent him presents at Taxila (loc. cit. 5,8,3; in Curt. 8,13,1 false: homage). He was absent from the battle of the Hydaspes ( Hydaspes) even though it was expected that he would support P…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abissareans
(56 words)
[German version] Called Abhisāra in Old Indian, a mountain people of northern Pakistan (Megasthenes at Arr. Ind. 4,12), on the Soanos river, an eastern tributary of the Indus River (nowadays called Sohan or Suwan [1. 1100 f.]), with King Abisares. Karttunen, Klaus (Helsinki) Bibliography
1 G. Wirth, O. by Hinüber, (ed. and trans.) Arrian, Der Alexanderzug - Indische Geschichte, 1985.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abiuratio
(185 words)
[German version] A lawsuit brought before the praetor concerning credited money or some other
res certa could be concluded before the
litis contestatio if the plaintiff made the defendant take an oath on the validity of the claim involved in the suit. The defendant hereupon had the choice of paying or denying the claim; the latter is the
abiuratio (Isid. Orig. 5,26,21). If he abjured, the plaintiff's
actio was denied; sometimes instead of this the defendant was granted an
exceptio iurisiurandi (Dig. 12,2,9 pr.), if, for instance, the existence and content of the oath gave…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ablabius
(329 words)
(Ἀβλάβιος;
Ablábios). [German version] [1] Flavius A., 4th cent. AD Flavius A. was one of the most influential officials under Constantinus the Great. He came from Crete (Lib. Or. 42,23); the child of poor non-Christians (Eun. Vit. Soph. 6,3,1-7); later converted to Christianity (Athan. Epist. Fest. 5). In AD 324/326 he was
vicarius of Asia (CIL III 352), 329-337
praef. praet. Orientis, 331
cos. ord. It is said to have been on his instigation that the pagan philosopher Sopater was executed by Constantine (Eun. Vit. Soph. 6,2,12; 3,7,13; Zos. 2,40,3). He was possibly still in office as
pra…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ablaut
(189 words)
[German version] (technical term coined by Jacob Grimm) refers to a system of vowel alterations within inflectional or derivational word and form groups that originates in proto-Indo-Germanic, effected for the most part through early accent alternation. To be distinguished are (1) ‘quantitative Ablaut’ (‘Gradation’) and (2) ‘qualitative Ablaut’ (‘Gradation’). With (1),
e alternated (in ‘stressed syllables’) with Ø (in ‘unstressed syllables’) and, if necessary, with
ē (in ‘expanded syllables’) as, for example, in the suffix of the Greek vowel πά-τερ, Latin
Iu-p(p)i-ter: genit…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abnoba mons
(154 words)
[German version] Black Forest, German Schwarzwald, mountain region in south-western Germany, possibly including also the low mountain ranges of the Odenwald and Rothaargebirge to the north. In 15 BC, Tiberius paid a visit there to see the sources of the Danube. From the late Tiberian/early Claudian period (2nd half of the 1st cent. AD), there was a Roman-influenced population on the eastern bank of the upper Rhine region; under the Flavians (2nd half of 1st cent. AD), the wooded mountain area und…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abodiacum
(135 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Raeti, Raetia Modern Epfach, district of Landsberg am Lech, Germany (CIL III 2,5780); Roman garrison from just before BC to about AD 50, late antique fortifications along the long, steep-sided, island-like Lorenzberg in a bow of the river Lech. 300 m away, underneath the village of Epfach, there is a Flavian road-
vicus on the
via Claudia , north-east of the turn-off to Gauting. Building remains on Epfach hill dating from the 3rd and 4th cents. AD; possibly late antique/early Chri…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abolitio
(109 words)
[German version] The
abolitio, which has come down to us in the Digest title 48,16, is in Roman law discontinuation of criminal proceedings, often with the effect of a pardon (
indulgentia ), but mainly with the possibility of renewing the charge, as with the
abolitio publica, ordered by the Senate or in exceptional cases by the emperor, and the
abolitio privata, pronounced by the judge at the request of a private prosecutor. The
abolitio ex lege, for example, takes effect on the death of the prosecutor. In any event this first appears under the designation
abolitio in the imperial period…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Abolla
(209 words)
[German version] [1] Roman cloak Roman cloak of unknown form; known from literary sources but not identifiable with certainty from monuments. In contradistinction to the toga, the
abolla is the costume of the farmer and the soldier (Non. 538,16), and to satirists it is the cloak favoured by philosophers of the Cynic and Stoic schools (Mart. 4,53; Juv. 3,115). The
abolla was evidently similar to the
chlamys , both in form and in the way it was worn (Serv. Verg. Aen. 5,421). Abolla is possibly a general term for the shoulder-cloak (cf. Juv. 4,76, mentioned as the cloak of the
praefectus urbi). …
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Brill’s New Pauly