Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Eidolon
(277 words)
(εἴδωλον;
eídōlon, Lat.
idolum, picture, image, delusion). [German version] [1] Refers to a smaller-than-life-portrait Refers to a smaller-than-life portrait (cf. the votive gift of a female statue in Delphi, in Hdt. 1,51). Kunz, Heike (Tübingen) [German version] [2] Refers to a delusion in Greek mythology In Greek mythology, esp. in Homer,
eidolon refers to a delusion (Hom. Il. 5,449), but especially to the soul of the deceased in Hades (Hom. Od. 11,213; Il. 23,104; the
eidolon is disembodied but still has the shape of the living person: Hom. Il. 23,107). In pictorial…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Eidyllion
(421 words)
[German version] (εἰδύλλιον;
eidýllion). Diminutive of εἶδος (schol. Aristoph. Ran. 942; Proleg. E, schol. Theoc. p. 5,10f. Wendel; cf. [1]). In the oldest known source, Plin. Ep. 4,14,
eidyllion seems to have the general meaning of ‘short poem’ (cf. also Sozom. Hist. eccl. 6,25). The term is very rare outside the scholia on Theocritus. It is therefore used specifically for the short poems by Theocritus, including the epic and erotic poems, not only the bucolic poems, as one might assume according to the modern meaning (‘r…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Eikoste
(690 words)
[German version] (εἰκοστή;
eikostḗ). Duty or tax at the rate of a twentieth (5%). 1. In Athens, the Peisistratidae presumably were the first to impose tax on agricultural yields in order to finance wars, magnificent buildings, and ceremonial sacrifices, according to Thuc. 6,54,5, at the rate of 5%. In Aristot. Ath. Pol. 16,4; 16,6, tax is called ‘tithe’ (δεκάτη), (cf. Hdt. 1,64,1). 2. In 413/2 BC, the Athenians imposed import and export tax at the rate of 5% on their
symmachoi (allies) in the Delian-Athenian League instead of the
phoroi in order to cover the ris…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Eileithyia
(429 words)
[German version] (Εἰλειθυία;
Eileithyíai, Doric Ἐλευθ(υ)ία;
Eleuth(y)ía, Mycenaean in Knosos
e-reu-ti-ja). Greek goddess, worshipped almost exclusively by women in the context of pregnancy and birth, also in the context of children's and women's diseases (Diod. Sic. 5,73,4; [1]). Already known by Homer in this function (μογοστόκος, ‘concerned with the effort of giving birth’, Hom. Il. 16,187). The name itself seems to be telling ─ it can be connected with
eleuth-, ‘to go, to come’ [2]. She has almost no independent myths: she was born at her important cult centre…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Eileithyiaspolis
(113 words)
[German version] (Εἰλειθυίας πόλις;
Eileithyías pólis). City in Upper Egypt, 15 km north of Edfu on the eastern shore of the Nile, Egyptian
Necheb (
nḫb), today al-Kāb. Very early traces of settlements. Important location in the pre-dynasty and early dynasty periods. Aside from the snake goddess Uto of Lower Egypt, the vulture goddess Nechbet is worshipped here and plays an important role as an Upper Egyptian crown goddess at the birth of kings, and, in the Graeco-Roman period, is identified with Eilithyia. Archaeological findings: Remnants of the temples of Nechbet and Thot. Griesha…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Eilesium
(83 words)
[German version] (Εἰλέσιον, Εἱλέσιον, Εἰρεσίαι, Εἰρέσιον, Ἐρέσιον;
Eilésion,
Heilésion,
Eiresíai,
Eirésion,
Erésion; on the names: [2. 106f.]). City mentioned already by Homer (Il. 2,499; H. in Apollinem 32) in the south-east of Boeotia near modern Asopia (formerly: Khlembotsari) [1. 127-130]; a description of the ancient remnants (with a different identification) also in [2. 91]. Sources: Str. 9,2,17; Plin. HN 4,26; Dionysius Kalliphontos 90; EM s.v. Εἰρέσιον; Suda s.v. Ἐρέσιον; Steph. Byz. s.v. Εἰλέσιον. Funke, Peter (Münster) Bibliography
1 Fossey
2 P. W. Wallace, St…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Einsiedeln Eclogues
(150 words)
[German version] Two bucolic poems in the Codex Einsidlensis 266 from the Neronian period. In the first poem, Nero is identified with Jupiter and Apollo (22-34; differing: [3]), and his poetry ─ probably the
Troica (38-41) ─ is regarded as superior to that of Homer and Virgil (43-49). The second poem (probably by the same author) is characterized by the tension between the worries of the shepherd Mystes (1. 11) and his description of a new golden age under Nero (15-38; following Verg. Ecl. 4 but lacking its anticipatory quality). Panegyrics; Calpurnius Siculus Fey-Wickert, Beate (H…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Eion
(204 words)
(ᾘών;
Ēiṓn). [German version] [1] City on the left shore of the Strymon This item can be found on the following maps: Achaemenids | Macedonia, Macedones | Peloponnesian War | Persian Wars (ἡ ἐπὶ Στρυμόνι). City on the left shore of the Strymon, harbour of Amphipolis (Thuc. 1,98; Dem. Or. 12,23; 23,199), archaeological traces near Ofrini (Greece). Phoenix is said to have been buried there by Neoptolemus (Lycoph. 417 with schol.). It became a military base under Darius I and was used as a supply camp under Xerxes, commanded by …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Eiras
(46 words)
[German version] (Εἰράς;
Eirás). Sometimes also called Náeira; lady-in-waiting of Cleopatra VII who in Octavian's propaganda was attributed decisive political influence. E. died together with the queen. PP 6,14720. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography H. Heinen, Onomastisches zu E., Kammerzofe Kleopatras VII, in: ZPE 79, 1989, 243-247.
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Eirenaeus, Irenaeus
(1,002 words)
[German version] [1] Greek grammarian (Εἰρηναῖος;
Eirēnaîos). Grammarian, student of Heliodorus the metrician, 1st cent. AD (
terminus ante quem due to the quotation in the Hippocratic lexicon by Erotianus, 116,8 Nachmanson). He probably taught also in Rome under the Latin name of Minucius Pacatus (perhaps the
rhetor Pacatus in Sen. Controv. 10, praef. 10). He was not a freedman [2]. The Suda mentions him in the praefatio and s.v. ‘E.’ (ει 190) as well as s.v. ‘Pacatus’ (π 29), and lists numerous titles of grammatical and lexicographical writ…
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Eirene
(570 words)
(Εἰρήνη;
Eirḗnē). The word is perhaps pre-Greek [1; 2]. [German version] [1] Personification and deification of peace Personification and deification of peace (Orph. H. 15,11). E. is one of the Horae, daughter of Zeus and Themis, sister of Dike and Eunomia (Hes. Theog. 901-902; Pind. Ol. 13,6-8). She is often mentioned in Greek literature as a central figure for the prospering of the political community. Thus, E.'s gifts are praised, for instance, in Bacchyl. fr. 4,61 Snell-Maehler and in Euripides (Bacch. 419-420; TGF 453) while usually being connected, as ‘a giver of wealth’, to
ploút…
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Eirenoupolis
(73 words)
[German version] (Εἰρηνούπολις;
Eirēnoúpolis). Today Çatalbadem (formerly İrnebol) in Cilicia Tracheia (in the region of Lacanitis, Ptol. 5,7,6). Founded by Antiochus IV of Commagene. From AD 355 to 359, the city was surrounded by a wall. From the early 4th cent., it belonged to the province of Isauria; diocese (suffragan of Seleucea on the Calycadnus). Hild, Friedrich (Vienna) Bibliography G. Bean, T. B. Mitford, Journeys in Rough Cilicia 1964-1968, 1970, 205ff. Hild/Hellenkemper, s.v. E. 1).
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Eiresidae
(122 words)
[German version] (Εἰρεσίδαι;
Eiresídai). Attic
asty deme of the phyle Acamantis. One (or two) bouleut(ai). A plot of land owned by Plato in E. bordered on the river Cephissus to the west (Diog. Laert. 3,41), which probably formed the boundary of the demos. Therefore, E. was probably located west of the Colonus Hippios and north-west of the Platonic Academy (an epitaph from the 4th cent. BC of two
dēmótai from E. was found in the north-west [1. 8 fig. 8]) between the Hodos Kephissou and the Leophoros Athenon. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography
1 P. D. Stavropullos, Ἀνασκαφαὶ Ἀρχαίας Ἀ…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Eiresione
(304 words)
[German version] (Εἰρεσιώνη;
Eiresiṓnē). Olive or laurel branch, entwined with wool, dressed with figs, ceremonial breads, and small containers of honey, oil, and wine (Pausanius Rhetor in Eust. in Il. 22,496, 1283, 7ff.; EM 303, 17ff.; Suda s.v. E.). Boys carried it from house to house while singing a song of supplication, which (just as the custom itself: Harpocr. p. 162,1ff.; Suda s.v.
diakónion) was also called
eiresione (Ps. Hdt. v. Hom. 33). After the procession, the
eiresione was fastened to the door so that it could be seen (Aristoph. Vesp. 398f. as well as Equ. …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Eisagogeus
(138 words)
[German version] (εἰσαγωγεύς;
eisagōgeús). Every office holder who was entitled to preside over a court in Athens ( Archontes) was responsible for introducing (εἰσάγειν
, eiságein) his subjudice cases into a law court (
dikastḗrion ) and, concerning this act, was also referred to as
eisagogeus. In a narrower, technical sense, the
eisagogeus was part of a five-member collegium which was entitled to preside over certain urgent legal affairs (Aristot. Ath. Pol. 52,2). In Ptolemaic Egypt, the
eisagogeus was a permanent official of Greek nationality and nominated by the kin…
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Eisangelia
(221 words)
[German version] (εἰσαγγελία;
eisangelía). In Athens,
eisangelia, in the technical sense, refers to a type of public complaint in criminal matters from Solon's times (Aristot. Ath. Pol. 8,4.).
Eisangelia designates the statement of claim (Lycurg. 34,137) as well as the proceedings it institutes. The charges were submitted in writing and argued in detail. The proceedings went through a series of changes over the course of time. Originally, they were designed for criminal acts not covered by the laws. Later, the criminal act…
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Eisphora
(546 words)
[German version] (εἰσφορά;
eisphorá). In Athens, the
eisphora was an extra-budgetary, direct wealth-tax imposed on wealthy Athenians during financial crises, primarily during wars, by order of the public assembly. According to Aristot. Ath. Pol. 8,3, an
eisphora supposedly existed already in the Solonic period. However, the wording of the law cited there mentions only a general collection of taxes through the
naukraroi . According to Thuc. 3,19,1, an
eisphora was imposed in 428/7 BC for the first time (πρῶτον) in the amount of 200 talents due to the high costs of war. Since an
eisphora …
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Eispoiesis
(133 words)
(εἰσποίησις;
eispoíēsis). In Athens,
eispoiesis referred to a legal institution comparable to modern adoption, similar to the
ánpasis in Gortyn (Great Law, col. X 33-XI 23). The
eispoiesis was conceived from the perspective of the law of succession (
diatheke ). In Athens, as opposed to Gortyn, a man was only allowed to adopt if he had no marital son. The
eispoiesis was also possible in the case of death, even ‘posthumously’, without the professed intention of the ‘adoptive father’. In Athens,
eispoiesis was enacted through registration in the list of the respective phratri…
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Brill’s New Pauly