Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Novaria
(90 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Batavian Revolt Town of the Celtic-Ligurian Laevi to the west of the Ticinus (Plin. HN 3,124; Ptol. 3,1,33: Celtic; Cato, HRR fr. 40: Ligurian), present-day Novara. In the period of the Roman Empire it was a flourishing town on the road from Mediolan(i)um [1] to the West (It. Ant. 344,5). Its territory extended into the valleys of the Alps. Sartori, Antonio (Milan) Bibliography R. Scuderi, Per la storia socioeconomica di N., in: Bollettino storico-bibliografico subalpino 85,1, 1987, 247-297.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Novas
(57 words)
[German version] (Νόης/
Nóēs, Lat.
Novas,
Noas). Right hand tributary of the Ister [1], which rises in eastern Thrace (Hdt. 4,49; Val. Fl. 4,719; 6,100) and flows through the territory of the Crobyzi. Possibly identical with the modern Osâm. Cabanes, Pierre (Clermont-Ferrand) Bibliography E. Oberhummer, s.v. Noes, RE 17, 810 D. Detschew, Die thrakischen Sprachreste, 1957, 332.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Novatianus
(381 words)
[German version] First Christian theologian of the city of Rome to write in the Latin language (around 250); in
De trinitate he appealed to the ‘rule of truth’ (regula veritatis) for the belief in ‘God the Father’ (1,1) and ‘the Son of God’ (9,46), to the ‘order of reason and authority of faith’ (ordo rationis et fidei auctoritas) for the belief in the Holy Spirit (29,163), though no qualitative distinction seems to be implied here. N. stresses the undiminished divinity of the Son even as he took human form. The le…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Novatio
(421 words)
[German version] According to Ulpian's definition (
prioris debiti in aliam obligationem ... transfusio atque translatio) (Dig. 46,2,1 pr.), i.e., the substitution for one
obligatio by another with the subject of the obligation remaining the same (
idem debitum). Since Roman law is unfamiliar with the cession of a claim (
cessio), a formless debt transfer or a retroactive modification of the debt, a party or the content can only be changed by cancelling the old obligation and creating a new one in its place. In the process, the
novatio links the cancellation of the previous obligati…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Novatus
(113 words)
[German version] Catholic bishop of Sitifis in Mauretania (modern Sétif in Algeria) 403-437 (driven out by the Vandals), † 23 August 440 in exile (funerary inscription CIL VIII 8634). N. participated in the Conference of Carthage in 411 (Gesta Conlationis Carthaginiensis 1,2; 1,55; 2,2) and the councils of Mileve in 416 (Aug. Epist. 176), Carthage in 418 and Carthage in 419 (CCL 149. 151). He was invited to the council of Spoleto planned for June 419 by Galla [3] Placidia. In 429/30 he introduced the
comes Darius to Augustine (Aug. Epist. 229-230). Wermelinger, Otto (Fribourg) Bibliograph…
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Novel
(6,078 words)
[German version] I. Definition The term ‘novels’ and ‘romance’ are not ancient, but the latter dates from the Middle Ages, when it denoted a work written in the Romance vernacular. There was no specific term for the genre in Antiquity (
drâma was common in Greek [1],
fabula, in Latin, Apul. Met. 1.1, or
argumentum, Macrob. Sat. In Somn. 1,2,8). Fusillo, Massimo (L'Aquila) II. Greek [German version] A. Overview and development of the genre In Greek literature, ‘novel’ denotes a series of texts of fiction, in prose, linked through two basic thematic features (love and a…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Novel
(2,560 words)
[German version] A. Greek (CT) “What Schole-boy, what apprentice knows not Heliodorus?” [20]. Exaggerated as this assessment from England at the beginning of the 17th cent. may seem, it demonstrates the author's special position within the ancient genre and the rapid spread of his fame after the beginning of his reception in Central and Western Europe. The groundwork for the exceptional status accorded him and his work, the
Aethiopica, was laid in Byzantium by the influential legend of his elevation to the bishopric of Tricca, and by revaluation of the text on…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Novella
(1,336 words)
[German version] I. Greek There is no Greek term that accurately translates the modern concept of ‘novella’ and there is nothing in extant Greek literature comparable to the work of medieval
novella-writers or to modern collections of short-stories (coming closest to it are perhaps the
Tóxaris of Lucian [1] and the
Historia lausiaca of Palladius, while works like the Narrationes amatoriae attributed to Plutarch might better be classified as mythography). Even if no ancient source explicitly attests it, the
opinio communis, subscribing to the hypothesis of E. Rohde [1], tak…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Novellae
(881 words)
[German version] A. Overview
Novellae is the abbreviation for the Latin
novellae leges (‘new laws’, also Greek
nearaí diatáxeis). In general, it refers to the legislation of the emperors in Late Antiquity, enacted chronologically after the official collections of the
Codices Theodosianus and
Iustinianus (
codex II.C.). In a narrower sense, it refers to the
novellae of Iustinianus [1], which in modern editions of the
Corpus iuris constitute the fourth and last part of this 6th-cent. collection. In contrast to the other parts (
Institutiones Iustiniani, Digesta, Codex Iustinianus), h…
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Novellius
(107 words)
[German version] Torquatus N. Atticus. From Milan (Mediolan(i)um [1]). In the course of his career, N. served, probably under Tiberius
inter alia, as tribune in Germania with the
legio I, was
tribunus vexillariorum legionum quattuor primae,
quintae,
vicesimae,
vicesimae primae; and was finally posted to the province of Gallia Narbonensis as
legatus ad census accipiendos et dilectum et proconsul, still under Tiberius. N. died there at the age of 44. According to Pliny (HN 14,144), he was one of Tiberius' drinking companions (CIL XIV 3602 = ILS 950). PIR2 N 175. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibli…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Novendiale sacrum
(360 words)
[German version] (
novemdiale sacrum). NS describes a Roman rite of purification, which was probably performed on the ninth and last day (Fest. 186,13) of a period of nine days of festivities (
feriae novendiales, Paul. Fest. 187;
feriae per novem dies, Liv. 1,31,4). Such
feriae had no fixed position in the calendar, but were announced according to need (Varro Ling. 6,26:
feriae conceptivae). They always took place when the
prodigium of a rain of stones had happened and demanded state expiation (e.g. Liv. 35,9,5f.; 39,22,3f.; Obseq. 52; [1. 176f…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Novensides, Di.
(514 words)
[German version] A group of deities whose worship is reflected in the inscriptions of Marruvium (Vetter no. 225 = [1. 43-47 no. 36]:
esos nouesede, 3rd cent. BC) and Pisaurum (CIL XI 6297 = ILLRP 20:
deiu no[
u]
esede, 3rd/2nd cents. BC). Calpurnius Piso (fr. 45 HRR = 35 Forsythe) claims the origin and cult of the Di Novensides lie in the Sabine town of Trebula Mutuesca. Together with the Di Indigetes (see below) and other divinities the Di Novensides (as
divi Novensiles; the ending in
-ilis is probably secondary) are invoked in the devotional formula of P. Decius [I 1] Mus in 34…
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Novilara
(220 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Villanova Culture | Italy, languages The modern town of N. is about 7 km south of Pesaro on the Adriatic. It is likely that the site corresponds to that of the ancient (Picene) settlement, although unambiguous traces of settlement have yet to be found. Better known are the finds from the necropoleis. Of barely 300 investigated graves there are the older ones, beginning in the 8th cent. BC, mostly from the Molaroni necropolis, whereas the more recent…
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Noviodunum
(998 words)
[German version] [1] Capital of the Suessiones This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Caesar | Coloniae | Gallia/Gaul | Oppidum Capital of the Suessiones, occupied by Caesar in 57 BC (Caes. B Gall. 2,12). N. can be identified with the
oppidum of Pommiers (west of Soisson,
De
partement of Aisne). This was abandoned at the latest under Augustus, by about 50 BC a new one had come into being in the plain near Villeneuve-Saint-Germain [1; 2]. With the founding of the Gallo-Roman capital
civitas of Augusta Suessionum in about 20 BC other settlement came to an end. Schön, Franz (Regens…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Noviomagus
(1,862 words)
[German version] [1] City of the Bituriges Vivisci in Aquitania The city of the Bituriges Vivisci (Βίτουργες Οὐβίσκοι/
Bítourges Oubískoi) in Aquitania mentioned in Ptol. 2,7,7 (Νουιόμαγος/
Nouiómagos) is generally identified with a Roman
vicus near Brion (Saint-Germain-d'Esteuil) in the Médoc between Lesparre and Pauillac (
département of Gironde). This town with an ancient sanctuary of the Medulli had been inhabited from the 3rd cent. BC; urban development is recognisable from the time of Claudius (41-54 AD). It was in this period that the
fanum (sanctuary) and the theatre we…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Novius
(803 words)
Oscan
praenomen, shortened to
No., attested for N. Calavius [2], the maker of the Ficoronian cista
Novios Plautios (ILS 8562), and in other inscriptions. Probably a particularly frequent
gentilicium from the 3rd cent. BC onwards in Campania and spreading from there into the eastern Mediterranean. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] Representative of the literary Atellana, early 1st cent. BC As a representative of the literary atellana, N. appears to have been at work ahead of Pomponius (leading representative of the genr…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Noxa
(471 words)
[German version] (in the Twelve Tables
noxia; from
nocere, ‘to do harm’). Originally a damaging act or injury, in the usage of the classical Roman jurists of the 1st-3rd cents. AD it designated more specifically the liability for damage by persons under the power of a father or a master (cf. Dig. 9,4) or by animals (see
pauperies ). In the most ancient Roman law, the basic premise for noxal liability was the personal criminal liability of persons under the power of a father or a master. Since they were under the legal authority of others, they were immu…
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Noxalis actio
(629 words)
[German version] A. Definition, Formula
Noxalis actio was an action because of a wrong done (
noxa ) by a person who was in someone else's power or because of a damage done by an animal (
pauperies ). NA was part both of the
ius civile and the
ius honorarium (Gai. Inst. 4,79;
ius ). Because the offender was not the person who was liable, there was a special
formula : The statement of claim (
intentio ) of a civil NA
, which contained the conditions for condemnation, stated the injury done by the person in someone else's power, but the
condemnatio , which specified the penalty…
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Brill’s New Pauly