Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics

1. Introduction Much has been written on the history of Arabic, Arabs, and Islam in East Africa, their influence on the peoples, languages, and cultures of the region, and the status of Arabic and Islam there (Lodhi 1994a; Lodhi and Westerlund 1994 and 1999). Particular attention has been paid to the impact of Arabic on Swahili. A few recent publications deal with the question of the status of Arabic in East Africa, Arabic lexical borrowings, and structural intrusion in Swahili (Lodhi 1986a, 1986b, 1992, 1994b). 2. The status of Arabic in East Africa Arabic in East Africa has a minimal …

Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics Online Edition Managing Editors Lutz Edzard ( Oslo) and Rudolf de Jong ( Amsterdam) Associate Editors Ramzi Baalbaki ( Beirut), James Dickins ( Salford), Mushira Eid ( Utah), Pierre Larcher ( Aix-en-Provence), Janet Watson ( Salford) Advisory Board Benmamoun Elabbas ( Urbana), Clive Holes ( Oxford), Alaa Elgibali ( Cairo), Paul Kiparsky ( Stanford), Jérôme Lentin ( Paris), Jamal Ouhalla ( Dublin), Jan Retsö ( Göteborg), Sabah Safi ( Jeddah), Kees Versteegh ( Nijmegen), Enam al-Wer ( Colchester), Manfred Woidich ( Amsterdam) and Andre…

The terms ‘Educated Arabic’ (EA) or ‘Educated Spoken Arabic’ (ESA) are broad designations that refer to spoken Arabic showing the following features: i.A higher, more formal register than the colloquial of primary discourses of familiarity among family and acquaintances; ii.A mix of literary and colloquial lexical items; iii.Absence of ʾiʿrāb, the markers of desinential inflection (case and mood). Some scholars define Educated Arabic as the higher-register spoken variety of a particular country or region. “Of all spoken varieties it is the most dynamic, v…

Eagly, Alice H. Language Attitudes, Language Attitudes East Africa Creole Arabic, Dialects: Genesis, East Africa, Gulf States East African coast Malagasy East Bank Jordan, Jordan East India Company India East Morocco Affrication East Semitic Semitic Languages East Sudan Adverbs Eastern Desert Educated Arabic Eblaic Etymology Ebrahim, Mogamat Hoosain South Africa echo question Bedouin Arabic, Interrogative Sentences, Tunis Arabic echo word Bahraini Arabic, Reduplication Echols, John M. Indonesian/Malay Echu, George Cameroon Arabic, English Loanwords, English Loanwords E…

Estefi China estimative Modern Standard Arabic ethical dative Bināʾ Ethiopia Afro-Asiatic Languages, Ethiopia, Hausa, Lingua Franca, Lingua Franca, Multilingualism, Toponyms Ethiopian languages Diminutive, Ethiopia, Ethiopia, History of Arabic, Khartoum Arabic, Northwest Arabian Arabic, Number, Pidginization Ethiopian Semitic → Ethio-Semitic Ethiopic Diminutive, Greek Loanwords, Mechanisms of Linguistic Change, Northwest Arabian Arabic, Semitic Languages, Semitic Languages, Substrate, Substrate, Thamudic Ethiopic, Classical Ethiopic Loanwords, Semitic…

1. General linguistic situation 1.1 Languages spoken in Egypt Apart from Arabic, some Afro-Asiatic languages are spoken in Egypt, viz. Berber in the oasis of Siwa, Bedja (Bišāri) in the Eastern Desert to the south of the Aswān – Berenike line, as well as in Darāw and in the išŠēx Harūn quarter of Aswān. Reliable numbers of speakers of these languages are difficult to obtain. Bišāri speakers are estimated at about 15,000 (http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=SD) in Egypt and Sudan; and Sīwi ( tasiwīt) at between 6,000 (Bliss 1998:37), 10,000 (Miller 1996:420), and…