Sacramentum Mundi Online

Get access Subject: Religious Studies

Edited by: Karl Rahner with Cornelius Ernst and Kevin Smyth.
Advisor for the online edition: Karen Kilby, Durham University

Help us improve our service

Sacramentum Mundi Online is the online edition of the famous six volume English reference work in Catholic Theology, edited (in 1968-1970) by Karl Rahner, one of the main Catholic theologians of the 20th century. Sacramentum Mundi: An Encyclopedia of Theology was originally published by Herder Verlag, and is now available online at Brill.

For more information: Brill.com

An Encyclopedia of Theology

Edited by Karl Rahner with Cornelius Ernst and Kevin Smyth

A theological work that intends to be truly contemporary, truly relevant to the present moment of history, must do more than merely restate in a modern idiom the traditional doctrines and practices of Catholicism; it must do more than merely update earlier teachings by bringing them into line with the teaching of Vatican II. A serious work of theological scholarship that intends to be truly contemporary must be written in response to the spiritual needs of presentday man and must organically incorporate into its structure the insights of this historical epoch. Hence the significance of the title of this work: Sacramentum Mundi. This is not just another Catholic encyclopedia, another lexicon or dictionary of religious information. Rather, as its title indicates, this is a unified theological synthesis animated by a single ideal, written out of a definite religious perspective, and going towards a precise goal.

Sacramentum Mundi cannot be theology for a specialized group of professionals; Sacramentum Mundi cannot be academic theology; Sacramentum Mundi can only be theology written in and of and for the world where man dwells and God reveals Himself.

Sacramentum Mundi has been in preparation since the beginning of the Second Vatican Council, and is now being published in English, Dutch, French, German, Italian, and Spanish editions. Written by an international group of more than six hundred scholars, the complete six-volume work will contain some 800 separate articles on all the central themes of modern religious thought from dogmatics to canon law, moral theology to catechetics, church history to comparative religion. The concentrated, alphabetically arranged presentation combines precision and depth of thought with a lucid, uncluttered style. Each entry is amply cross-referenced and supplemented by a select bibliography.

As a summa of post-conciliar theology Sacramentum Mundi will be the essential reference work for theologians, priests, teachers, students, and laymen. It will be indispensable for any religious library as well as for the larger public collections.

Edited by: Karl Rahner SJ, Münster and Juan Alfaro SJ, Rome - Alberto Bellini, Bergamo - Carlo Colombo, Venegono - Henri Crouzel SJ, Toulouse - Jean Daniélou SJ, Paris - Adolf Darlap, Munich - Cornelius Ernst OP, Oxford - José Fondevilla SJ, Barcelona - Piet Fransen, Louvain - Fergus Kerr OP, Oxford - Piet Schoonenberg, Nijmegen - Kevin Smyth, Paris - † Gustave Weigel SJ, Woodstock.

GENERAL PREFACE

“Sacramentum Mundi” is an international theological encyclopedia which is being published simultaneously in six languages (English, Dutch, French, German, Italian and Spanish). It is an attempt to formulate present-day developments of the understanding of the faith, basing itself on modern theological investigations of the key themes of the theological disciplines, in the hope that they will thus be fruitful for personal reflection in faith and in practice. The developments in question may be characterized as a thinking which takes fully into account the conditions of past and present historical growth in the understanding of faith. It has therefore a strongly marked orientation to the future – its historical dimension – and is also marked by its openness for the other Christian Churches, the non-Christian religions and for the world in general – its social dimension.

To make what is hoped to be a Summa of modern theology easily accessible to the enquiring and open-minded reader of today, both clerics and lay people, the encyclopedia is presented in alphabetical order. While normally an encyclopedia is supposed to offer matters to be looked up and used on occasion, but precisely not what one needs to remember permanently, here the opposite goal is aimed at. The fundamental effort is to furnish the truths which should be the constant and vital possession of the believer as he tries to answer for his faith and his hope and the promise which it contains (1 Pet 3:15).

It should be clear that such an undertaking cannot be carried out in the same way for all the terms and concepts of the theological sciences and that as a first effort in this direction it may not be equally successful in dealing with all relevant themes. In some cases it was possible to adopt the findings of earlier discussion of certain themes, which only needed to be pin-pointed and completed in view of the purpose of this work.

The work is the product of an international editorial board, which collectively assumes responsibility for all the editions in the various languages. The contributors are also drawn from many countries. The international character of the team of collaborators was meant to provide an example of the co-operation between theologians of many lands which is so necessary in the post-conciliar epoch, and was also considered a means of avoiding one-sided emphases. The editors also recognized, however, that such international co-operation would inevitably demand from all a certain patience and openness with regard to what might seem alien. The differences in the articulation of the various themes, due to the various theological backgrounds and hence thought forms of the authors, have not been smoothed out by the editors, but deliberately left standing.

The six editions are substantially identical; but this does not mean that the various national editors have not made some adaptations to suit the genius loci of each region.

PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION

In the present state of Catholic theological writing in English no one could doubt the usefulness of a comprehensive survey of central theological topics conducted by a group of writers in basic sympathy with each other, whose theological views have emerged from a serious and disciplined study of the relevant sources and from an awareness of the problems posed by life and thought in the modem world. The views expressed are of course authoritative only in the sense that they are put forward by serious theological authors ; they are not offered as definitive, and the highly selective bibliographies supplied are meant to be used not only as a guide to further reflection but also as a means of testing the well-foundedness of the views proposed. The fact that this work is appearing simultaneously in several languages should contribute to the reintegration of Catholic theology, no longer on the basis of an artificially preserved scholasticism, but of a wider tradition of theology in which the creative scholastic thinkers find their proper place: this living tradition is not closed but open to every valid original development.

After the premature death of Fr. Gustave Weigel, S.J., the original editor of the English edition, responsibility for the English edition was assumed by the present writer and Fr. Fergus Kerr, O.P. Mr. Kevin Smyth, who had already done so much for the encyclopedia, finally assumed editorial responsibilities, and it is to him that the English edition in its present form is due. Of the numerous translators who have made this edition possible, apart from M'r. Smyth (philosophical, biblical and other articles), special thanks are due to Mr. W. J. O’Hara (articles by Fr. Karl Rahner and others), Mr. Richard Strachan and Fr. T. Hamilton, S. J. (historical and socio-political questions), Mr. A. David Lewis (Church history), and Dr. David J. Bourke (biblical exegesis).

In its English edition, the encyclopedia will be complete in six volumes; a detailed index will be found at the end of the last volume.

Cornelius Ernst, O.P.

ABBREVIATIONS

The following list does not include biblical and other well-known abbreviations. Whenever an author, not listed below, is cited in an article by name only, followed by page number(s), the reference is to a work listed in the bibliography at the end of the article.

AASActa Apostolicae Sedis (1909 ff.)
ACWJ. Quasten and J. C. Plumpe, Ancient Christian Writers (1946 ff.)
Billerbeck(H. L. Strack and) P. Billerbeck, Kommentar ɀum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch, I—IV (1922—28; reprint, 1956), V: rabbinical index, ed. by J. Jeremias and K. Adolph (1956)
CBQCatholic Biblical Quarterly (1939 ff.)
ChalkedonA. Grillmeier and H. Bacht, eds., Das Konɀil von Chalkedon, Geschichte und Gegenwart, 3 vols. (1951-54; 2nd enlarged ed., 1962)
CICCodex Iuris Canonici
CIOCodex Iuris Canonici Orientalis (Unless stated otherwise, the references are to the law relating to persons.)
Collectio LacensisCollectio Lacensis: Acta et Decreta Sacrorum Conciliorum Recentiorum, ed. by the Jesuits of Maria Laach, 7 vols. (1870-90)
CSELCorpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum (1866 ff.)
DH. Denzinger, Enchiridion Symbolorum, Definitionum et Declarationum de Rebus Fidei et Morum (31st ed., 1957); see also DS
DBF. Vigouroux, ed., Dictionnaire de la Bible, 5 vols. (1895–1912)
DBSL. Pirot, ed., Dictionnaire de la Bible, Supplément, continued by A. Robert (1928 ff.)
DSH. Denzinger and A. Schönmetzer, Enchiridion Symbolorum, Definitionum et Declarationum de Rebus Fidei et Morum (33rd ed., 1965); see also D
DSAMM. Viller, ed., Dictionnaire de Spiritualité ascétique et mystique. Doctrine et Histoire (1932 ff.)
DTCA. Vacant and E. Mangenot, eds., Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, continued by É. Amann, I-XV, Table analytique and Tables générales, XVI ff. (1903 ff.)
Enchiridion BiblicumEnchiridion Biblicum. Documenta Ecclesiastica Sacram Scripturam Spectantia (3rd ed., 1956)
ETLEphemerides Theologicae Lovanienses (1924 ff.)
GCSDie griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte (1897 ff.)
Hennecke-Schneemelcher-WilsonE. Hennecke, W. Schneemelcher and R. McL. Wilson, eds., New Testament Apocrypha, 2 vols. (1963-65)
HEREJ. Hastings, ed., Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, 12 vols. + index (1908-26; 2nd rev. ed., 1925-40)
JBLJournal of Biblical Literature (1881 ff.)
JTSJournal of Theological Studies (1899 ff.)
LTKJ. Höfer and K. Rahner, eds., Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche, 10 vols. + index (2nd rev. ed., 1957-67)
MansiJ. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum Nova et Amplissima Collectio, 31 vols. (1757-98); reprint and continuation ed. by L. Petit and J. B. Martin, 60 vols. (1899-1927)
NRTNouvelle Revue Théologique (1879 ff.)
NTSNew Testament Studies (1954 ff.)
PGJ.-P. Migne, ed., Patrologia Graeca, 161 vols. (1857 ff.)
PLJ.-P. Migne, ed., Patrologia Latina, 217 vols, + 4 index vols. (1844 ff.)
PritchardJ. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts relating to the Old Testament (1950; 2nd revised and enlarged ed., 1955)
RGGK. Galling, ed., Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 6 vols. + index (3rd rev. ed., 1957-65)
RHERevue d’histoire ecclésiastique (1900 ff.)
RHPRRevue d’histoire et de philosophie religieuse (1921 ff.)
RSPTRevue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques (1907 ff.)
RSRRecherches de science religieuse (1910 ff.)
RSVRevised Standard Version of the Bible
TSTheological Studies (1940 ff.)
TWNTG. Kittel, ed., Theologisches Wörterbuch ɀum Neuen Testament, continued by G. Friedrich (1933 ff.); E. T.: Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (1964 ff.)
ZAWZeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (1881 ff.)
ZKTZeitschrift für Katholische Theologie (1877 ff.)

            Karl Rahner, together with Adolph Darlap, began work on Sacramentum Mundi in 1961, just before the start of the Second Vatican Council. It was conceived from the start as an international project, and was eventually published simultaneously (or almost simultaneously) in six languages—German, French, Italian, Spanish, English and Dutch-- by Rahner and thirteen editors. The four volume German edition came out from 1967-1969; the six volumes in English, from 1968-1970.

            Three things make Sacramentum Mundi stand out from the profusion of theological dictionaries and encyclopedias published in the last century or two. First, it is this international quality, involving scholars from across Europe (and to a certain degree America), whereas the norm is for a dictionary or encyclopedia to have a certain insular quality—written in German by and for German language scholars, or in English by and for theologians of the English speaking world, and so on. Secondly, there is the fact that it was edited and shaped by Karl Rahner, one of the leading theologians of the 20th century. One does not find anything like it from Barth or Balthasar, Tillich or Bultmann—Rahner alone among the great minds of this great theological generation turned his attention to forming such a distinctively collaborative intellectual endeavor. Thirdly, it offers itself not just as a reference work, available for occasional consultation, but as a Summa--something from which one can gain, in other words, not only bits and pieces of theological information, but a vision of the discipline as a whole in its coherence.

            Sacramentum Mundi reflects Rahner’s conviction that the era of the ‘renaissance man,’ of the individual intellectual capable of knowing and synthesizing everything necessary for a full articulation and defense of the faith, is a thing of the past. If one is going to write a new Summa, it needs to be done in a collaborative way such as this. Compared, then, to Barth with his Church Dogmatics, or Balthasar with his voluminous Trilogy, Rahner’s approach is marked by a certain modesty. At the same time, however, Sacramentum Mundi testifies to the confidence and hope-filled quality of the period in which it was written. The chafing constraints of neo-scholasticism, of a narrow textbook theology bound to a restrictive interpretation of Thomas Aquinas, were gone from Catholic theology. The retrievals of biblical, patristic and medieval traditions, in what has come to be known as the Ressourcement movement, had enriched and broadened the intellectual world of theologians. There was the excitement of engaging with the best of Protestant thought, and with powerful currents of modern philosophy. There was a feeling that in the Second Vatican Council, which had closed only three years before the appearance of the first of these volumes, the Catholic Church had fundamentally reoriented itself towards the world beyond its borders. And there was the sense that all this could be drawn together, integrated, and presented in a new, collectively owned theological synthesis—a synthesis which, if not so rigid and limited as the abandoned neo-scholasticism, could nevertheless offer a genuine coherence of its own.

             Nearly half a century on, our confidence that a sense of the whole of theology is within our grasp—even collectively-- may not be so strong. Nearly half a century on, too, we are aware of a range of themes which have become important which cannot be found here. And yet nevertheless we continue to benefit from the freshness, the intellectual power, and the wisdom on display in this most fascinating of encyclopedias, coming from a generation whose theological depth and vision has not been equaled since. 

 Prof Dr Karen Kilby, Durham University (UK)

  • Absolute and Contingent - The Absolute
  • Absolute and Contingent - The Contingent
  • Absolutism
  • Act and Potency
  • Aeons
  • Afterlife
  • Agnosticism
  • Alexandrian School of Theology
  • Americanism
  • Analogy of Being
  • Analogy of Faith
  • Angel - Problem and History of Angelology
  • Angel - Doctrine of Angels
  • Anglican Communion
  • Anointing of the Sick
  • Anthropomorphism - Philosophical
  • Anthropomorphism - Biblical
  • Antichrist
  • Antiochene School of Theology
  • Antisemitism
  • Apocalyptic
  • Apocatastasis
  • Apocrypha - Introduction
  • Apocrypha - Old Testament Apocrypha
  • Apocrypha - New Testament Apocrypha
  • Apocrypha - The Significance of the Apocrypha
  • Apologetics - Apologetics in General
  • Apologetics - Immanence Apologetics
  • Apologists
  • Apostasy
  • Apostle
  • Apostolic Church - Primitive Community
  • Apostolic Church - Apostolic Church
  • Apostolic Fathers
  • Apostolic Succession
  • Archaeology - Biblical
  • Archaeology - Early Christian
  • Arianism
  • Aristotelianism - The Philosophy of Aristotle
  • Aristotelianism - Historical Influence
  • Art - Concept and Meaning of Art
  • Art - Theories of Aesthetics
  • Ascension of Christ
  • Asceticism
  • Atheism
  • Augustinianism
  • Augustinian School of Theology
  • Authority
  • Avignon Exile
  • Baianism
  • Baptism - Sacrament of Baptism
  • Baptism - Baptism of Desire
  • Baptists
  • Baroque - Historical Survey
  • Baroque - Baroque Scholasticism
  • Beatific Vision
  • Being - Being and Beings
  • Being - Nothingness
  • Bible - Introduction
  • Bible - Versions
  • Bible - Biblical Hermeneutics
  • Bible - Scripture Reading
  • Biblical Chronology
  • Biblical Commission
  • Biblical Exegesis - Historical Survey
  • Biblical Exegesis - Biblical Criticism
  • Biblical Exegesis - Spiritual Exegesis
  • Biblical Geography
  • Biblical Historiography
  • Biblical Movement
  • Birth Control
  • Bishop - New Testament
  • Bishop - Church History
  • Bishop - Theology
  • Bishop - Canon Law
  • Body
  • Breviary
  • Burial
  • Byzantine Empire
  • Calvinism
  • Canon of Scripture
  • Cappadocian Fathers
  • Cardinal
  • Cartesianism
  • Catechesis
  • Categories
  • Catharists
  • Causality
  • Celibacy
  • Censorship of Books
  • Charisms
  • Charity - Virtue of Charity
  • Charity - Love of Neighbour
  • Charity - Charitable Organizations
  • Christianity - The Essence of Christianity
  • Christianity - Absoluteness of Christianity
  • Church - History of Ecclesiology
  • Church - Ecclesiology
  • Church - Constitution of the Church
  • Church - Universality of the Church
  • Church - Membership of the Church
  • Church and State
  • Church and World
  • Church History
  • Church Orders
  • Clergy
  • Collectivism - Masses and Crowds
  • Collectivism - Nature, History and Forms of Collectivism
  • Colonialism
  • Commandments, the Ten
  • Commandments of the Church
  • Communications Media
  • Communion of Saints
  • Communion Under Both Kinds
  • Communism
  • Concept
  • Conciliarism
  • Concupiscence
  • Confirmation
  • Conscience
  • Consciousness
  • Constantinian Era
  • Contrition
  • Conversion
  • Council - Theology
  • Council - History
  • Covenant
  • Creation - Theology
  • Creation - Genesis
  • Creation - Protology
  • Creation - Beginning and End
  • Creeds
  • Crusades
  • Culture
  • Curia - Historical Evolution
  • Curia - Reform and Present Structure
  • Deacon
  • Death
  • Decision
  • Deism
  • Demythologization - General
  • Demythologization - Existential Interpretation
  • Despair
  • Devil - Demons
  • Devil - The Devil
  • Dialectical Theology
  • Dialectics
  • Diocese
  • Discernment of Spirits
  • Dispensation
  • Disposition
  • Docetism
  • Dogma - Theological Meaning of Dogma
  • Dogma - Development of Dogma
  • Dogma - History of Dogma
  • Dogma - Dogmatics
  • Dogmatism
  • Dualism
  • Early Church
  • Eastern Churches
  • Ecclesiastical Authority
  • Ecclesiastical Finances
  • Ecclesiastical Law - Concept and System
  • Ecclesiastical Law - History of Ecclesiastical Law
  • Ecclesiastical Law - Code of Canon Law
  • Ecclesiastical Law - Church Laws
  • Ecclesiastical Office - In Canon Law
  • Ecclesiastical Office - Office and Charism
  • Ecclesiastical Penalties
  • Ecclesiastical Regions
  • Ecclesiastical Tribunals
  • Economic Ethics - Part I
  • Economic Ethics - Part II
  • Ecumenism - Ecumenical Movement
  • Ecumenism - Movements for Church Union
  • Ecumenism - Catholic Ecumenism
  • Ecumenism - Ecumenical Theology
  • Ecumenism - Christian-Jewish Dialogue
  • Ecumenism - Christian Denominations
  • Education - Basic Education
  • Education - Philosophy of Education
  • Education - Pedagogy
  • Education - Religious Education
  • Education - Self-Education
  • Empiricism
  • Encyclicals
  • Enlightenment
  • Entelechy
  • Enthusiasm
  • Environment
  • Episcopalism
  • Equity
  • Eschatologism
  • Eschatology
  • Essence
  • Eternity - Biblical
  • Eternity - Theological
  • Ethics
  • Eucharist - Theological
  • Eucharist - Liturgical
  • Eucharist - Eucharistic Sacrifice
  • Evangelical Counsels
  • Evil
  • Evolution - Anthropological
  • Evolution - Theological
  • Existence - Concept of Existence
  • Existence - Philosophy of Existence and Existential Philosophy
  • Existence - “The Existential”
  • Experience
  • Faith - Way to Faith
  • Faith - Faith
  • Faith - Motive of Faith
  • Faith - Preambles of Faith
  • Faith and History
  • Faith and Knowledge
  • Fasting
  • Fideism
  • Form Criticism - Form Criticism
  • Form Criticism - Genus Litterarium
  • Forum
  • Franciscan Theology
  • Freedom - Biblical
  • Freedom - Philosophical
  • Freedom - Theological
  • Freemasonry
  • French Revolution
  • Fundamental Theology
  • Gallicanism
  • Gnosis
  • Gnosticism
  • God - The Divine
  • God - Knowability of God
  • God - Proofs of the Existence of God
  • God, Attributes of
  • God, Glory of
  • God-World Relationship
  • Good
  • Grace - Biblical
  • Grace - Theological
  • Grace - Structure of De Gratia
  • Grace and Freedom
  • Habitus
  • Health - Physical Health
  • Health - Psychic Hygiene
  • Hell - Doctrine
  • Hell - Descent of Christ into Hell
  • Hellenism and Christianity
  • Heresy - Concept
  • Heresy - History of Heresies
  • Hermeneutics
  • Hierarchy
  • Historicism
  • History - History and Historicity
  • History - Philosophy of History
  • History - Theology of History
  • Holiness
  • Holy - History of Problems
  • Holy - Phenomenology and Philosophy
  • Holy - The Holy in Revelation
  • Holy Spirit - Pneumatology
  • Holy Spirit - Gifts of the Holy Spirit
  • Hope
  • Human Act
  • Humanism - General
  • Humanism - Anthropocentrism
  • Humility
  • Hussism
  • Hylemorphism
  • Idea
  • Idealism
  • Identity-Philosophy
  • Ideology
  • Illness - Physical Illness
  • Illness - Illness
  • Images
  • Immanentism
  • Immortality
  • Incarnation
  • Indifference
  • Indifferentism
  • Individualism
  • Indulgences
  • Industrialism
  • Infallibility
  • Infinity
  • Inquisition - Inquisition
  • Inquisition - Witch-Hunting
  • Inspiration
  • Integralism
  • Intellectualism
  • International Law
  • Invasions, Barbarian
  • Investiture Controversy
  • Irrationalism
  • Islam
  • Jansenism
  • Jesus Christ - Biblical
  • Jesus Christ - Quest of the Historical Jesus
  • Jesus Christ - Christology
  • Jesus Christ - History of Dogma and Theology
  • Josephinism
  • Judaeo-Christianity
  • Judaism - Judaism from Ezra to A.D. 70
  • Judaism - Origin and History
  • Judaism - The Religion
  • Judaism - The Philosophy
  • Judaism and Christianity
  • Jurisdiction
  • Justice - Scripture
  • Justice - Moral Theology
  • Justification
  • Kantianism
  • Kerygma
  • Kingdom of God
  • Knowledge
  • Laity - The Layman in the Church
  • Laity - Clergy and Laity
  • Laity - Catholic Action
  • Language
  • Last Things
  • Law - Biblical
  • Law - Theology and Moral Theology
  • Law - Rule of Law
  • Law - Philosophy of Law
  • Law and Gospel
  • Leisure - Leisure
  • Leisure - Tourism
  • Leisure - Sport
  • Liberalism and Liberal Theology
  • Life - Natural Science
  • Life - Moral Theology
  • Life-Philosophy (“Bergsonism”)
  • Limbo
  • Liturgical Movement
  • Liturgy - The Liturgies
  • Liturgy - Liturgical Language
  • Liturgy - Liturgical Year
  • Liturgy - Study of Liturgy
  • Logic
  • Lord’s Prayer
  • Lutheran Churches
  • Magisterium
  • Man (Anthropology) - Philosophical
  • Man (Anthropology) - Biblical
  • Man (Anthropology) - Theological
  • Mandaeism
  • Manichaeism
  • Mariology - Biblical
  • Mariology - Theological
  • Mariology - Marian Devotions
  • Marriage - Institution and Sacrament
  • Marriage - Parents
  • Marriage - Family
  • Martyrdom
  • Marxism - System and History
  • Marxism - Dialectical Materialism
  • Marxism - Historical Materialism
  • Mass Stipend
  • Materialism
  • Matter
  • Meaning
  • Mediatorship
  • Mercy
  • Merit
  • Messiah
  • Metanoia
  • Metaphysics
  • Methodist Churches
  • Middle Ages - General
  • Middle Ages - Middle Ages
  • Middle Ages - Medieval Church
  • Millenarianism
  • Miracle - Theological
  • Miracle - Miracles of Jesus
  • Missions - Church and Mission
  • Missions - Salvation of the Non-Evangelized
  • Missions - Theological Problem of Adaptation
  • Missions - Non-Christian Missions
  • Missions - Missiology
  • Modalism
  • Modern Church History
  • Modernism
  • Monism
  • Monogenism
  • Monophysitism
  • Monotheism
  • Monotheletism
  • Morality - Concept
  • Morality - Moral Law
  • Morality - Duty
  • Moral Psychology
  • Moral Theology - Catholic
  • Moral Theology - Protestant
  • Moral Theology - Moral Systems
  • Mystery
  • Mysticism - Nature and History
  • Mysticism - Schools of Mysticism
  • Myth
  • Natural Law - Natural Law (Moral)
  • Natural Law - Laws of Nature
  • Natural Philosophy
  • Natural Theology
  • Nature - Philosophical and Theological
  • Nature - Naturalism
  • Nature - Nature and Grace
  • Necessity - Philosophical
  • Necessity - Moral Emergency
  • Neo-Platonism
  • Nestorianism
  • New Testament Books - The Synoptic Gospels
  • New Testament Books - The Gospel of John
  • New Testament Books - The Acts of the Apostles
  • New Testament Books - The Letters of Paul
  • New Testament Books - The Letter of James
  • New Testament Books - The Letters of Peter
  • New Testament Books - The Letters of John
  • New Testament Books - The Letter of Jude
  • New Testament Books - Revelation
  • New Testament Ethics
  • New Testament Theology - Data and Methods
  • New Testament Theology - Pauline Theology
  • New Testament Theology - Johannine Theology
  • Nihilism
  • Nominalism
  • Nouvelle Théologie
  • Obedience
  • Occident
  • Old Catholic Church
  • Old Testament Books - Pentateuch
  • Old Testament Books - Historical Books
  • Old Testament Books - Wisdom Literature
  • Old Testament Books - Psalms
  • Old Testament Books - Prophets
  • Old Testament Ethics
  • Old Testament History
  • Old Testament Theology
  • Ontologism
  • Ontology
  • Order - Concept of Order
  • Order - Order of Creation
  • Order - Supernatural Order
  • Order - End of Man
  • Orders and Ordination - Institution
  • Orders and Ordination - The Ministry in the Theological Reflection of the Church
  • Orders and Ordination - Theological Synthesis
  • Orders and Ordination - Conclusion
  • Origenism
  • Original Sin
  • Pantheism
  • Parish - Sociological Structure
  • Parish - Parish Priest
  • Parousia - Exegetical Findings
  • Parousia - Theological Doctrine
  • Participation
  • Passion of Christ
  • Passover
  • Pastoral Medicine
  • Pastoral ministry
  • Pastoral Theology
  • Patriarchate
  • Patrology - The Science
  • Patrology - Greek Patristics
  • Patrology - Latin Patristics
  • Peace
  • Pelagianism
  • Penance - Virtue of Penance
  • Penance - Sacrament of Penance
  • People of God
  • Persecutions
  • Person - Concept
  • Person - Man
  • Personalism
  • Phenomenology
  • Philosophy - The Basic Questions
  • Philosophy - History of Philosophy
  • Philosophy and Theology
  • Pietism
  • Pilgrimage
  • Platonism
  • Play
  • Pluralism
  • Political Theology
  • Politics
  • Pope - Theological
  • Pope - History of the Popes
  • Positivism - Philosophical
  • Positivism - Moral
  • Possession, Diabolical
  • Potentia Oboedientialis
  • Poverty - Christian Poverty
  • Poverty - Medieval Movements
  • Power
  • Pragmatism
  • Prayer
  • Preaching - The Mediation of the Word
  • Preaching - Homiletics
  • Predestination - Concept and History of the Problem
  • Predestination - Theological Explanation
  • Presbyterian Churches
  • Pre-Socratics
  • Priest
  • Principle
  • Privilege
  • Profession
  • Progress
  • Property
  • Prophetism
  • Protestantism - Self-Understanding
  • Protestantism - Church Constitutions
  • Protestantism - Confessions of Faith
  • Protestantism - Theology
  • Providence
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Psychology - Science of Psychology
  • Psychology - Individual Psychology
  • Psychology - Depth Psychology
  • Psychology - Parapsychology
  • Psychotherapy
  • Punishment, Capital
  • Purgatory
  • Quietism
  • Qumran
  • Race
  • Rationalism
  • Reality
  • Redemption
  • Reflection
  • Reform - Reform Movements in the Church
  • Reform - Survey of the Great Reform Movements
  • Reformation
  • Reign of God
  • Relation
  • Relativism
  • Relics
  • Religion - Concept of Religion
  • Religion - Science of Religion
  • Religion - Theology of Religions
  • Religious Act
  • Religious Customs
  • Religious Experience
  • Religious Feeling
  • Religious Freedom
  • Religious Orders
  • Renaissance
  • Resistance
  • Responsibility
  • Resurrection - Resurrection of Christ
  • Resurrection - Resurrection of the Body
  • Revelation - Concept of Revelation
  • Revelation - God’s Self-Communication
  • Revelation - Primitive Revelation
  • Revelation - Private Revelation
  • Revolution and Restoration - Revolution
  • Revolution and Restoration - Restorative Tendencies
  • Rights of Man
  • Romanticism
  • Russian Religious Philosophy
  • Sacramentals
  • Sacraments - The Sacraments in General
  • Sacraments - Mystery Theology
  • Sacred Times and Places
  • Sacrifice - Concept of Sacrifice
  • Sacrifice - Substitution (Representation)
  • Sacrifice - Sacrifice of Christ
  • Saints - History of Saints
  • Saints - Veneration of Saints
  • Saints - Canonization
  • Saints - Hagiography
  • Salvation - Universal Salvific Will
  • Salvation - Biblical Concept
  • Salvation - History of Salvation (“Salvation History”)
  • Salvation - Theology
  • Scandal
  • Scepticism
  • Schism - Concept of Schism
  • Schism - History of Schism
  • Schism - Eastern Schism
  • Schism - Western Schism
  • Scholasticism - Nature and Approaches
  • Scholasticism - Evolution
  • Science - General
  • Science - Theory of Science
  • Science - Science and Theology
  • Scotism
  • Scripture and Tradition
  • Sects, Christian
  • Secular Institutes
  • Secularization - Concept
  • Secularization - Laicism
  • Sermon on the Mount
  • Sex - Sexuality
  • Sex - Sexual Education
  • Sex - Sexual Morality
  • Sin - Sin and Guilt
  • Sin - Punishment of Sins
  • Situation Ethics
  • Social Movements - Social Problems
  • Social Movements - Socialism
  • Social Movements - Christian Social Movement
  • Social Movements - Christian Social Doctrine
  • Social Movements - Social Work
  • Social Philosophy
  • Social Sciences
  • Society - The Social Group
  • Society - Fellowship
  • Society - Common Good
  • Society - Public Opinion
  • Sociology
  • Soul
  • Spinozism
  • Spirit
  • Spiritualism
  • Spirituality - Concept
  • Spirituality - History of Christian Spirituality
  • Spirituality - Special Features
  • State
  • States of Man, Theological
  • States of the Church (Papal States)
  • Stoicism
  • Structuralism
  • Suarezianism
  • Subjectivism
  • Substance
  • Sunday
  • Supernaturalism
  • Superstition - The Problem
  • Superstition - Magic
  • Superstition - Astrology
  • Symbol
  • Syncretism
  • Taxation, Morality of
  • Technology
  • Temptation
  • Theodicy
  • Theological Methodology - Principles
  • Theological Methodology - Loci Theologici
  • Theological Notes
  • Theologumenon
  • Theology - Nature
  • Theology - History
  • Theory and Practice
  • Thomism
  • Thought-Forms
  • Time
  • Tolerance
  • Totalitarianism
  • Tradition
  • Traditionalism
  • Transcendence
  • Transcendental Philosophy
  • Transcendentals
  • Transcendental Theology
  • Transmigration of Souls
  • Transubstantiation
  • Trinity, Divine
  • Trinity in Theology
  • Truth - Philosophical
  • Truth - Truthfulness
  • Tübingen School
  • Unbelief
  • Unity
  • Universals
  • Utilitarianism
  • Utopia
  • Value
  • Virginity
  • Virtue - Acquired and Infused Virtues
  • Virtue - Love as the Key Virtue
  • Visions
  • Voluntarism
  • Vow
  • War
  • Will
  • Wisdom
  • Word of God
  • Work
  • Works
  • World
  • World History
  • World Picture
  • World, Views of the
  • Worship
  • Zionism