, title of an Indian mirror for princes, formed by the corruption of the Sanskrit names of the two principal characters, two jackals, Karaṭaka and Damanaka (in the old Syriac translation the forms are still Kalīlag and Damnag). It was translated from Sanskrit into Pahlavi and thence into Arabic, and became widely known in Muslim as well as Christian literatures.

1. The original work. The Indian original was composed by an unknown Vis̲h̲nuite Brahman, according to Hertel probably about the year 300 A.D. in Kas̲h̲mīr; the main argument for this, the transcription of denarius by dīnāra is, h…