(iii) Art and Architecture

(a) Architecture

Within the history of Islamic art, the architecture of the Mamlūk period (648-922/1250-1517) occupies an intermediary position between what might be termed the early period predating the Mongol invasion and the later imperial arts of the Tīmūrids, Ṣafawids, Ottomans and Mug̲h̲als. Unlike its Tīmūrid counterpart, with which it is partly contemporary, Mamlūk architecture did not substantially i…