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Bakhtiyār Kākī
(2,142 words)
Bakhtiyār Kākī, Khʷājah Quṭb al-Dīn b. Kamāl al-Dīn al-Ushī, an eminent 7th/13th century Sufi mystic of the Indian subcontinent and one of the great ‘spiritual poles’ (
aqṭāb, sing.
quṭb) of the Chishtī order. Although there is disagreement over his exact lineage, he is recognised as a descendant of the Prophet through al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī, with some tracing his lineage through Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (Ghulām Sarwar, 1/267).The date of Bakhtiyār Kākī’s birth is found variously as 582/1186 (Subhan, 210; Ṣafā, 3(2)/1318) or 569/1174 (cf. Dīn Kalīm, 41), in the small town …
Source:
Encyclopaedia Islamica
Date:
2021-06-17
Abū Bakr al-Warrāq
(1,118 words)
Abū Bakr al-Warrāq, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī al-Balkhī, a renowned Persian gnostic (
ʿārif) of the 3rd/9th century. He was born in Tirmidh, but lived in Balkh (al-Sulamī, 216; Anṣārī, 261–262; ʿAṭṭār, 2/87). Al-Warrāq's nephew was Abū ʿĪsā Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā al-Tirmidhī (d. 279/892) author of the
Musnad, one of the six classical Sunni compendia of
ḥadīths (
al-ṣiḥāḥ al-sitta) (Anṣārī, 262; Jāmī, 123). Abū Bakr al-Warrāq was a companion of Aḥmad b. Khiḍrawayh (d. 240/854–855), and benefited greatly from his association with this master and from tha…
Source:
Encyclopaedia Islamica
Date:
2021-06-17
Abū Sulaymān al-Dārānī
(1,238 words)
Abū Sulaymān al-Dārānī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad b. ʿAṭiyya al-ʿAnasī al-Dārānī, was a Sufi sage of the 2nd–3rd/8th–9th century. Some called him ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAṭiyya, associating him with his grandfather (al-Sulamī, 68; Anṣārī, 39). He was called al-ʿAnasī due to his connection with the Banū ʿAnas b. Mālik, a tribe from Yemen (al-Samʿānī, 9/395; Ibn Khallikān, 3/131). He was born around 140/757 (al-Dhahabī, 10/182). He was born in a village in Damascus called Dāriyā (al-Khawlānī, 107; al-Sulamī, 68; Abū Nuʿaym, 9/254), and hence he was known as al-Dārānī, even though this
nisba is …
Source:
Encyclopaedia Islamica
Date:
2021-06-17
Bahāʾ al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad Zakariyyāʾ Multānī
(2,279 words)
Bahāʾ al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad Zakariyyāʾ Multānī, was a 6th–7th/12th–13th century Sufi master and propagator of the Suhrawardiyya Order in the Indian subcontinent. He was known as Bahāʾ al-Ḥaqq (‘Splendour of the Real’), although he had other titles including Ghawth al-ʿĀlamīn (‘Succour of the Worlds’), Bāz-i Safīd (‘White Falcon’) and Badr al-Mashāyikh (‘Full Moon of the Masters’). He was of Hāshimid descent, with his lineage reaching back to Asad b. Hāshim ʿAbd Manāf, ancestor of the Prophet. Bahāʾ al-Dīn’s ancestors migrated from Khʷārazm to Kūt Karūr (Kot Karor) in the vicin…
Source:
Encyclopaedia Islamica
Date:
2021-06-17
Chishtiyya
(5,227 words)
According to the sources, Abū Isḥāq al-Shāmī migrated from Baghdad to Khurāsān and settled in Chisht on the orders of ʿUlū al-Dīnawarī (or Mamshād al-Dīnawarī) in order to offer guidance to its people (Jāmī, 328; ʿAlawī Kirmānī, 49; Ghulām Sarwar, 1/239–240; Chishtī ʿUthmānī, 55–56). Khwājah Abū Aḥmad Abdāl Chishtī (d. 355/966) became his disciple there and subsequently his
khalīfa (representative), succeeding him after his death (Jāmī, 328–329). Abū Aḥmad Abdāl was succeeded by the following Chishtī masters in both Chisht and greater Khurāsān: Muḥamma…
Source:
Encyclopaedia Islamica
Date:
2021-06-17
Bābā Farīd al-Dīn Ganj Shikar
(2,705 words)
Bābā Farīd al-Dīn Ganj Shikar, or Shakar-Ganj (ca. 569–664/1174–1265), was one of the most revered and distinguished medieval Sufi mystics in India. Originally called Masʿūd, he was born in either 569/1174 or 571/1175 in the town of Kuthwāl in the district of Multān (Nizami,
Life and Times, 11; Mīr Khurd, 101). Both Firishtah (2/383) and Ghulām Sarwar (1/304) cite 584/1188 as the year of his birth.The three primary sources for Bābā Farīd’s life and teaching come from the circle of Shaykh Niẓām al-Dīn Awliyāʾ, who was his devoted student for over eight years a…
Source:
Encyclopaedia Islamica
Date:
2021-06-17
al-Būshanjī
(500 words)
Al-Būshanjī was one of the great authorities of his time on both doctrinal exposition and spiritual practice (
muʿāmalāt). At the same time, the fact that he was devout, ascetic and an adept in the way of
futuwwa who felt himself duty-bound to help anyone in need (al-Sulamī, 481; Anṣārī, 421; Jāmī, ed. ʿĀbidī, 230) is borne out by a number of anecdotes related about him (al-Ghazālī, 2/179; al-Qushayrī, 249; ʿAṭṭār, 2/76; Ibn al-Mulaqqin, 254–255; Ibn al-Jawzī, 204).On his return to Būshanj from Iraq, al-Būshanjī was accused of being
zindīq (ʿAṭṭār, 2/75). As Anṣārī (p. 421) puts it,…
Source:
Encyclopaedia Islamica
Date:
2021-06-17
Bukhārī, Sayyid Jalāl al-Dīn
(1,602 words)
Sayyid Jalāl al-Dīn was born in the village of Uch (Uch Sharif) in the Punjab region of what is now Pakistan, a descendant of Imam ʿAlī b. Muḥmmad al-Naqī, also known as al-Hādī, the tenth in the line of Twelver Shiʿi Imams (Laʿlī Badakhshī, 689–690; Chishtī, 970; Ghulām Sarwar, 29, 30). Whereas Qāḍī Nūr Allāh al-Shūshtarī described the Sayyids of Bukhārā as Shiʿis (1/146), other sources identify Sayyid Jalāl al-Dīn and his family as being Ḥanafī in orientation (Laʿlī Badakhshī, 690; al-Ḥasanī, …
Source:
Encyclopaedia Islamica
Date:
2021-06-17
