Search

Abstract According to the Glottalic Theory the three types of Proto-Indo-European stops were essentially plain, glottalized, and voiced (t, t’, d) rather than plain, voiced, and voice-aspirated (t, d, dh), as is commonly claimed. The theory was developed in the 1970s independently by Thomas Gamkrelidze and Vyacheslav Ivanov and by Paul Hopper. Traditional reconstructions of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) sound system focused on the contrasting sets of correspondences that required the reconstruction of distinct segment-types for the proto-language. Th…

Abstract The phonetic reality posited for Ancient Greek sounds is surveyed here, paying attention to consonants, vowels, and accent. The variety of Greek focused on most is Attic Greek of the Classical period (c. 5th century BCE), but attention is given to Mycenaean Greek of the 2nd millennium BCE and to Koine Greek of the Hellenistic period, especially as the latter heralds the changes evident in Modern Greek. In addition, evidence from dialects other than Attic is considered as deemed relevant. 1. Introduction Despite the fact that Ancient Greek is a language known only thro…