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Manner
(1,965 words)
Abstract Manner is a semantic role akin to Time, Space, Cause, etc., assigned to the syntactic function Adverbial. Manner Adverbials usually modify a state of affairs expressed by the predicate; more precisely, they refer to how an event happens. Being non-required by verbal valency, they are classified as free adjuncts. The semantic role Manner can be coded through various types of expressions, chiefly by adverbs (
sophôs ‘wisely’), but also by noun phrases (
orgêi ‘with fury’) and prepositional phrases (
met’ eunoías ‘with friendly consideration’), and less commonly, by par…
Date:
2013-11-01
Negation
(4,619 words)
Abstract Ancient Greek has two complementary negators, the assertive
ou and the prohibitive
mḗ. While
ou occurs with indicatives,
mḗ is used with imperatives and subjunctives. Subordinate clauses, infinitives and participles allow for either
ou or
mḗ according to their function in the sentence and the communicative intention of the speaker. Ancient Greek is a non-strict negative concord language, i.e., the negator may occur with another negative word in the same sentence, but, on the other hand, the
n-word may have the force of a negator and stand alone. Additionally, the…
Date:
2013-11-01
Negation (Morphology)
(624 words)
Abstract Greek has two ʽnegatorsʼ (negative words)
ou and
mḗ, classified by different scholars as adverbs or particles, and used in statements and directive expressions, respectively. This distinction also holds true for their compounds. Lexical negation is assured, e.g. by the privative prefix
a- and
dus- and by opposite words without negative affixation. Greek has two negators,
ou and
mḗ. The former is used in statements (‘objective negation’),
mḗ in directive expressions and wishes (‘subjective’ negation).
Mḗ ‘not’ (< PIE *
meh₁) is an old prohibitive negation (Beekes 2010:941…
Date:
2013-11-01
Coordination (includes Asyndeton)
(4,713 words)
Abstract Coordination is commonly understood as a syntactic relation between two or more constituents at the same syntactic level, with the same or similar semantic (or pragmatic) function. These constituents may be words or phrases, subordinated clauses, or main sentences. The relation is expressed by lexical devices (syndetic coordination) or intonational/graphic devices (asyndetic coordination). In modern literature, the coordinative function is often restricted to copulative, adversative and disjunctive coordination. 1. Definition of Coordination, Asyndeton, …
Date:
2013-11-01
