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1. Mass Campaigns 1949-76 Mass campaigns are best defined as organized mobilizations of large numbers of the population by the political elite to intensively tackle an issue or problem. These mass mobilizations were an important feature of political and social life in the Maoist period of the PRC (1949-78), when there were at least eighty nationwide campaigns and many local ones. Mass campaigns have been used in the PRC to achieve a wide range of ends, but can be categorized broadly as having primar…