Search

[German Version] (Grammaticus), priest and grammarian from Caesarea. His apology of the Council of ¶ Chalcedon (pre-519, not preserved, only reconstructable from the refutation by Severus of Antioch) attempted to mediate between Cyril of Alexandria and Chalcedon: on the one hand, by refining terminology (distinction between physis and ousia [Substance], the hypostasis concept, enhypostaton [Enhypostasis/Anhypostasis]), and, on the other, through the use of a dialectical formula ( mia physis formula against Nestorianism and two natures formula [Two natures doctri…

[German Version] (episcopate 449–458). Alexandrian apocrisiarius in Constantinople under Dioscorus, Anatolius succeeded Flavian, who was deposed in 449. Soon afterwards he embraced the “Tome of Leo” and was a leading figure at the Council of Chalcedon (451), where he headed the commission that composed the definition. His efforts to persuade Pope Leo I to app…

[German Version] (pope Jul 20, 514 – Aug 6, 523). Between 517 and 517, Hormisdas and Emperor Anastasius tried without success to end the Acacian Schism (Acacius of Constantinople) between Rome and Constantinople. With the change in religious policy under Emperor Justin I, the year 519 saw the end of the 35-year schism on the basis of the Libellus fidei already put forward by Hormisdas in 515. A new conflict between Rome and Constantinople arose after 519 on account of the so-called Theopaschite formula of the ¶ Scythian monks (Theopaschite controversy), which Hormisdas found ambig…

[German Version] John Maxentius, leader of the Skythian (Gothic) monks from the Danube region who advocated the formula unus ex trinitate passus est in Constantinople and Rome in 519–521. Rejected in Rome, they turned to the African bishops who were in exile in Sardinia, and received cautious support (author of the response: Fulgentius of Ruspe). Nothing more is known of them after 521. The formula unus de trinitate carne passus was approved by Rome on Mar 25, 534 (DH 401). In their Christology (Chalcedonian, but enriched by Cyrillian thought [Christology: II, 1]…

[German Version] (before 431 bishop of Melitene in lesser Armenia, died before 439) was lector in Melitene around 384 (educated Euthymius, who was later abbot), a dedicated follower of Cyril of Alexandria, and at the Council of Ephesus (431) a determined opponent of Nestorius (ACO I/2, 40, 44, 52f.; cf. his homily, also in the Ethiopic Qērellos). His struggle after 433, together with Rabbula of Edessa, against the distribution of the works of Theodore of Mopsuestia in…

[German Version] (“bouquet,” from Lat. flos, “flower,” lego, “to gather, assemble”; initially florilegus is only attested in Ovid Met. XV 366 ( florilegae apes) and later as the translation for the Greek ἀνϑολογέω/ anthologéō [ Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum, vol. III, 1892, 124.28]); the word probably only first appeared in the modern era. Florilegium refers to a collection of excerpts from one or more works of one or several authors. The literary genre of the ἀvϑολογία/ anthología is already attested among the Greeks and principally served pedagogical purposes. Christ…

[German Version] Facundus of Hermiane, North African bishop (prior to 547/58 till 570) and scholarly theologian. With his work Pro defensione trium capitulorum (546–548; CPL 866), Facundus became as it were the voice of the Latin West and leader of the opposition to the condemnation of the Three Chapters (Three Chapters Controversy) by Emperor Justinian, albeit without success. This work is important for transmitting works of Theodore of Mopsuestia and Theodoret of Cyrrhus that would otherwise have been lost, for con…

[German Version] (died Apr 25, 516, Gangra, Galatia), patriarch of Constantinople (Jul 496 – Aug 7, 511) and successor of Euphemius, whom Emperor Anastasius I had banished because of his Chalcedon-friendly stance. Although Macedonius signed the Henotikon , he attempted to avoid an explicit condemnation of the Council of Chalcedon. A rebellion in Constantinople against the theopaschite supplement (Theopaschite controversy) to the Trishagion was imputed to him. In the end, he was unable to withstand the attacks of …

[German Version] Gaianus, patriarch of Alexandria, 535. For 103 days, he was the anti-patriarch of the adherents of Julian of Halicarnassus (Julianists) and the people against Theodosius of Alexandria, whom the imperial envoy ultimately declared the legitimate patriarch. Gaianus was expelled to Carthage (May 23 or 25, 535), and later to Sardinia. The Gaianites, who were determined adherents of the mia physis doctrine (Christology: II, 1) and who held Julian's doctrine that the body of Jesus Christ was already incorruptible before the resurrection, were na…

[German Version] John of Antioch, patriarch 429–441/442, leading figure in the Antiochene church (Antiochene theology) in the dispute with Cyril of Alexandria before and after the Council of Ephesus (Ephesus, Councils of) and, afterward, in the beginnings of the dispute concerning Theodore of Mopsuestia. John represented Antiochene interests effectively, with a willingness to compromise and in a moderate form. Under his leadership, the union formula of the Antiochenes (DH 271–273), the dogmatic fo…