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Abu ’l-Muʾt̲h̲ir al-Ṣalt b. K̲h̲amīs al-Bahlawī

(247 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
al-ʿUmānī , Ibāḍī historian and lawyer, native of Bahlāʾ in ʿUmān. His exact dates are not known; but he is counted among the Ibāḍī scholars of the second half of the 3rd/9th century. He left valuable literary materials, especially in the field of history, and also took an active part in the political life of his time, being a zealous partisan of the imām al-Ṣalt b. Mālik, deposed in 273/886-7. Among his works, the following are worthy of note: (1) al-Aḥdāt̲h̲ wa ’l-Ṣifāt , devoted to events in ʿUmān at the time of al-Ṣalt b. Mālik, and to the circumstances of his deposition; (2) al-Bayān wa ’l-Bu…

al-Ḳazwīnī

(2,571 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
, zakariyyāʾ b. muḥammad b. maḥmūd Abū Yaḥyā (Hād̲j̲d̲j̲i K̲h̲alīfa, iv, 188-9: Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd al-Kūfī al-Ḳazwīnī), famous Arab cosmographer and geographer. He drew his origin from an Arab family (his ancestor, S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ Abu ’l-Ḳāsim b. Hibat Allāh al-Ḳazwīnī, was probably descended from Anas b. Malik [ q.v.]), who had been Persianised after settling at Kaẓw…

al-K̲h̲alafiyya

(925 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
, sub-sect ( firḳa ) of the K̲h̲ārid̲j̲ī sect of the Ibāḍiyya [ q.v.] This sub-sect, whose oiigins were purely political, was founded in what is now Tripolitania around the beginning of the 3rd/9th century by K̲h̲alaf b. al-Samḥ, grandson of the Ibāḍī imām Abu ’l-K̲h̲aṭṭāb ʿAbd al-Aʿlā al-Maʿāfirī al-Yamānī [ q.v.]. Al-Samḥ b. ʿAbd al-Aʿlā, K̲h̲alaf’s father, was originally the vizier of the Rustamid imām ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. ʿAbd al-Raljmān [ q.v.], who held him in high esteem, and then after ca. 196/811-12, he was governor of Tripolitania ( ḥayyiz Aṭrābulus ) on behalf of this imām. The new governor resided in the township of Tīmiya or Tīmtī in the extreme east of the D̲j̲abal Nafūsa [see al-nafūsa , d̲j̲abal ] and was distinguished by his justice and his loyalty towards ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ; he died bef…

Ibn D̲j̲aʿfar

(148 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
, Abū D̲j̲ābir Muḥammad b D̲j̲aʿfar al-Azkawī , Ibāḍī scholar of ʿUmān, d. 281/894. He was the author of an important work of fiḳh entitled Kitāb al-D̲j̲āmiʿ and usually known as D̲j̲āmiʿ Ibn D̲j̲aʿfar to distinguish it from the …

al-Dard̲j̲īnī

(1,028 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
Abu ’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. Saʿīd b. Sulaymān b. ʿAlī b. Īk̲h̲laf , an Ibāḍi jurist, poet and historian of the 7th/13th century, author of a historical and biographical work on the Ibāḍīs, the Kitāb Ṭabaḳāt al-Mas̲h̲āyik̲h̲ . He belonged to a pious and learned Berber-Ibāḍī family from Tamīd̲j̲ār, a place in the D̲j̲abal Nafūsa in Tripolitania. His ancestor, al-Ḥād̲j̲d̲j̲ Īk̲h̲laf b. Īk̲h̲laf al-Nafūsī al-Tamīd̲j̲ārī, an eminent faḳīh , lived in the neighbourhood of Nefṭa in the D̲j̲arīd [ q.v.]. Son of Īk̲h̲laf, the pious ʿAlī, who lived in the second half of the 6th/12th cent…

al-Bug̲h̲ṭūrī

(276 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
, maḳrīn b. muḥammad , Ibāḍite historian and biographer born in the village of Bug̲h̲ṭūra (also: Buḳṭūra) in the western region of the D̲j̲abal Nafūsa [ q.v.]. According to the Kitāb al-Siyar of Abu ’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. Abī ʿUt̲h̲mān al-S̲h̲ammāk̲h̲ī [ q.v.], an important historical and biographical Ibāḍite work of the 10th/16th century, al-Bug̲h̲ṭūrī was a pupil of two scholars of Ibāḍite hi…

al-Ḏj̲ayṭālī

(582 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
(also al-D̲j̲īṭālī , var. al-Ḏj̲iṭālī ), Abū Ṭāhir Ismāʿīl b. Mūsā , celebrated Ibāḍite scholar who was a native of Īd̲j̲ayṭāl (also Īd̲j̲īṭāl or D̲j̲iṭāl), an ancient village of the D̲j̲abal Nafūsa still there today and now called Id̲j̲eyṭal or D̲j̲eyṭal. The date of his birth is unknown. However, we know that he was a pupil of the S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ ʿĪsā b. Mūsā al-Ṭarmīsī, who lived in the second half of the 7th/13th century. For some time he taught at Mazg̲h̲ūra (today Mezg̲h̲ūra or Timezg̲h̲ūra) in the eastern p…

Mānū

(469 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
(and also Ḳaṣr Mānū or Tīn Mānū), ancient locality situated on the Mediterranean coast, in the western part of the plain of D̲j̲afāra, between Ḳābis (Gabès) and Aṭrābulus (Tripoli), and on the old route leading from Ifrīḳiya to Egypt. In our opinion it should be identified with [ Ad] Ammonem

al-Malzūzī

(1,924 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
, abū ḥātim yaʿḳūb b. labīd , famous Ibāḍī imām . He is mentioned in the Kitāb al-Sīra wa-ak̲h̲bār al-aʾimma , an Ibāḍī chronicle written shortly after 504/1110-11 by Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yaḥyā b. Abī Bakr al-Ward̲j̲lānī. Abū Ḥātim was also known by other names. In the chronicle (which is at one and the same time a collection of biographies of famous Ibāḍī-Wahbī s̲h̲ayk̲h̲s ) composed by Abu ’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad al-S̲h̲ammāk̲h̲ī towards the beginning of the 10th/16th century and entitled Kitāb al-Siyar , the imām concerned is called Abū Ḥātim Yaʿkub b. Ḥabīb al-Malzūzī al-Nad̲j̲īsī; he w…

Mazāta

(5,565 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
, the name of an ancient and powerful Berber people which belonged to the great tribal family of the Lawāta [ q.v.]. According to Ibn Ḵh̲aldūn. who makes brief mention of the Mazāta in his Histoire des Berbères , they constituted an important branch descended from Zayr, son of Lawā, ancestor of the Lawāta. According to Ibn Ḥawḳal (4th/10th century), the Mazāta and the Lawāta belonged to the major Berber tribal group of the Zanāta. Yet another historian of the Berbers, Ibn Ḥazm (d. 456/1064), considers the Mazāta and the Lawāta as belonging to the Coptic, i.e. the Egyptian, race. This conception is to be understood as meaning that the ancestors of the Mazāta (who were, in the opini…

Mag̲h̲rāwa

(11,854 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
, a major confederation of Berber tribes belonging to the Butr group and forming the most powerful branch of the family of the Zanāta. The ascendancy, real or imaginary, of this confederation is traced back to Mag̲h̲rāw, who is said to have been, according to the mediaeval Berber genealogists, the ancestor of the Mag̲h̲rāwa as such. Following the Arab and Berber sources utilised in the 8th/14th century by Ibn K̲h̲aldūn in his History of the Berbers , the “cradle” of the Mag̲h̲rāwa and “the ancient seat of their power” was the territory located on t…

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. Baraka

(245 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
al-ʿUmānī , commonly called Ibn Baraka , Ibāḍite author from the township of Bahlā in ʿUmān. The precise dates of his life are not known, but an ʿUmānī Ibāḍite writer, Ibn Mudād, regards him as a disciple and partisan of the imām Saʿīd b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Maḥbūb, killed in 328/939-40. He himself played a con…

Ibn Baraka

(253 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. Baraka al-ʿUmānī , Ibāḍī author born in the village of Bahlā in ʿUmān. The exact dates of his life are unknown. However, an Ibāḍī writer of ʿUmān, Ibn Mudād, regards him as a disciple and supporter of the imām Saʿd b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Maḥbūb, who was killed in 328/939-40. He himself played a considerable part in political life in ʿUmān and wrote several historical and juridical works, of which only the following survive: (1) K. al-Ḏj̲āmiʿ . dealing with the principles of law; (2) K. al-Muwāzana , on the state of ʿUmān in the time of ¶ the imām al-Ṣalt b. Mālik; i…

Ibn Salām

(281 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T
b. ʿumar (or ʿAmr ), the first known Ibāḍī historian of the Mag̲h̲rib. He lived, at …

al-Ird̲j̲ānī

(574 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
, abū yaḥyā zakariyyāʾ , chief of the Berber tribe of Nafūsa and last Ibāḍī-Wahbī imām in North Africa. He is probably the same person as R. Basset refers to in error as Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yaḥyā al-Ird̲j̲ānī, confusing him with his son, Abū Zakariyyāʾ b. Abī Yaḥyā al-Ird̲j̲ānī, who also was chief ( ḥākim ) of the Ḏj̲abal Nafūsa. According to the Ibāḍī document known under the name of Tasmiyat s̲h̲uyūk̲h̲ Ḏj̲abal Nafūsa wa-ḳurāhum (6th/12th century), Abū Zakariyyāʾ (error for Abū Yaḥyā Zakariyyaʾ) of Irkān (Ird̲j̲ān) was elected imām after Abū Ḥātim (that is Abū Ḥātim Yūsuf b. Abī ’l-Ya…

Misrāta

(1,121 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
or miṣrāta , also Mesrāta, important Berber tribe belonging to the branch of the Hawwāra [ q.v.] of the Barānis (Brānès) group. According to Ibn K̲h̲aldūn, to whom most of …

Maḥbūb b. al-Raḥīl al-ʿAbdī

(368 words)

Author(s): Lewicki, T.
, Abu Sufyān , Ibāḍī theologian and historian, originally from the Arabic tribe of the Banū ʿAbd al-Ḳays, who lived in the 2nd/8th century and who is cited in the Kitāb Ṭabaḳāt al-mas̲h̲āyik̲h̲ of al-Dard̲j̲īnī (d. 670/1227 [ q.v.]) amongst the scholars of the fourth ṭabaḳa or class. His family came originally from ʿIrāḳ (his grandfather al-Malīḥ al-ʿAbdī was one of the close friends of the head of the Ibāḍī community in Baṣra, the famous Abu ʿUbayda Muslim b. Abī Karīma al-Tamīmī [see al-ibāḍiyya ]), and he first lived in ʿUmān. Then he settled in Baṣra, …
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