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[German version] People and region in the extreme south-east of Italy (modern Puglia). First mentioned by Hecataeus (FGrH 1 F 86f.) together with the unidentified settlements of Eleútioi (Ἐλεύτιοι), Peukaíoi (Πευκαῖοι, possibly equivalent to Πευκέτιοι; Peukétioi) and the pólis Chandánē (πόλις Χανδάνη). Hecataeus (loc. cit.) may also mean the I. with ‘town in Italia’ (πόλις ἐν τῆι Ἰταλίαι; pólis en tēi Italíai). According to Hdt. 4,99 the peninsula south of the isthmus between Tarentum and Brundisium was the acroterium of I. [7. 170-172]. Antiochus (FGrH 5…

[German version] City of the  Sal(l)entini (Plin. HN 3,105: Aletini), today Alezio by Gallipoli, Ἀλητία ( Alētía) Str. 6,3,6, Ἀλήτιον ( Alḗtion) Ptol. 3,1,76, Baletium Tab. Peut. 7,…

[German version] Town in Calabria (Plin. HN 3,105: Aezetini). Ἀζητινῶν on bronze coins of the 3rd cent. BC [1; 3. 99-116], Ezetium in Tab. Peut. 6,5, and Geogr. Rav. 4,35. Modern Castiello (near Rutigliano). Monuments: large wall ring of the 4th to 3rd cents. BC, graves and other archaeological remains dating from the 6th cent. BC to the 2nd/3rd cent. AD [2; 3. 13f., 66-72].…

[German version] (Μεσσάπιοι/ Messápioi, Μεσσαπία/ Messapía). A people and region in the extreme southeast of Italy. According to Str. 6,3,1; 6,3,5, these are Greek terms for the Iapyges and Iapygia, south of the isthmus between Taras/Tarentum and Brundis…

[German version] City of the Messapii and the Sallentini south-east of Taras (Tab. Peut. 7,1; Steph. Byz. s.v. Μανδύριον; Manduris, Geogr. Rav. 4,31; 5,1; Amandrinum, Guido 72), with source (Plin. HN 2,226; [2; 5]). After siding with Carthage in 209 BC, it was reconquered by the Romans (Liv. 27,15,4: 3,000 prisoners and huge booty). The Spartan king Archidamus [2] fell at M. in 338 BC (Plut. Agis 3,2); modern Manduria. Finds of Messapian inscriptions [3; 5]; important archaeological remains: triple ring of walls (5th, 4th and 3rd cents. BC), large necropo…

[German version] (Λευκανοί/ Leukanoí, Λευκανία/ Leukanía). Italian people and region in southern Italy (modern Basilicata), who descended from the Samnites (Str. 5,3,1; 6,1,2f.) and in the 5th cent. BC (after their migration under the mythological king Lamiscus, cf. Heraclides, Perì tôn en tôi Helládi póleōn [= Poleis] 20) mixed with the Oenotri (Hecat. FGrH 1 F 64-71; Hdt. 1,167; Antiochus FGrH 555 F 1-3) in the area south of the Silaris (modern Sele), where the latter had settled [6; 10; 16; 18]. Around 440 BC, battles with the Thurii …

[German version] (Πετηλία; Petēlía). City on a hill (341 m elevation) to the north of  Croton (Liv. 27,26,5; Str. 6,1,3; Plut. Marcellus 29); modern Strongoli. Philoctetes was considered its mythical founder (Cato fr. 70; Verg. Aen. 3,402 with Serv.; Cincius fr. 53; Str. l.c.; Solin. 2,10). P. was the …

[German version] Station on the via Popilia in Bruttium (It. Ant. 106,2; 111,3: 18 miles south of Vibo Valentia), modern Nicótera. Probably not identical with Emporiom, the harbour of Medma (Str. 6,1,5). Iron Age, Greek and Roman finds, Latin inscriptions. …

[German version] (Τεριναῖος κόλπος; Terinaîos kólpos). Bay named after the port of Terina on the Tyrrhenian coast of Bruttium (Thuc. 6,104,2; Plin. HN 3,72; 95), modern Golfo di Santa Eufemia. Possibly identical [1] with the Kólpos Napētínos (Antiochus FGrH 555 F 3; 5), Lamētikós (Aristot. Pol. 1329b) or Hippōniátēs (Str. 6,1,4). Lombardo, Mario (Lecce) Bibliography 1 G. De Sensi Sestito, Tra l'Amato e il Savuto, vol. 1, 1999, 63-68, 214, 227-229.

[German version] (Νέαιθος/ Néaithos), Strab. 6,1,12; Ναύαιθος/ Naúaithos, Apollodorus FHG 1,180 fr. 3, from νε- o…

[German version] (Μέδμα; Médma). Locrian colony (Thuc. 5,5,3; Scymn. 308; Str. 6,1,5; EM 581,15) founded at the beginning of the 6th cent. BC and located on the west coast of Italy (Hecat. FGrH 1 F 81; Μέσμα/ Mésma, Scyl. 12; Plin. HN 3,73), near the eponymous spring and south of the eponymous river (the modern Mesima) [1; 4. 114ff.], with its own emporium, the modern Rosarno. At the turn of the 6th/5th cents., it was victoriously allied with Hipponium and Locri against Croton, and in 422 with Hipponium against Locri (Thuc. 5,5,3). In 396 BC, Dionysius I resettled 4,000 of M.'s citizens to Messana (Diod. Sic. 14,78,5) and handed their land to Locri. M. was the home town of Philippus of Opus, a Socratic and a student of Plato. Bronze coins of the 4th-3rd cents. with the legend…

[German version] Messapian town, c. 17 km south-east of Brindisi, today Valesio. Baleθas/Faleθas on silver coins (4th or 5th cent. BC) [1. 226-235]. B. in Geogr. Rav. 4,31, Balesium in Plin. HN 3,101, Valetium in Mela 2,66, Balentium in the Tab. Peut. 7,2, Valentiam in the…

[German version] Community in the north of Brundisium (also Carbinium): Guido, Geographia 27; 71, modern Carovigno; inscriptions and remains from the Messapian period (8th-2nd cents. BC). Lombardo, Mario (Lecce) Bibliography M. Lombardo, I Messapi e la Messapia, 19…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre Messapian-Roman city in Calabria between Brundisium and Hydruntum (It. Ant. 118,3; Luppia, Tab. Peut. 7,1) with a harbour on the Adriatic built under the emperor Hadrian (Paus. 6,19,9; Ptol. 3,1,12; Mela 2,4; Str. 6,3,6). Roman municipium in the 2nd Augustan region (Plin. HN 3,101); modern Lecce. Messapian and Latin inscriptions. Remains: walls and tombs (4th-2nd cents. BC), Roman theatre and amphitheatre (cf. Guido, Cosmographia 28). Lombardo, Mario (Lecce) Bibliography 1BTCGI 8, …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Punic Wars (Μέταυρος; Métauros). River (Plin. HN 3,73), modern Petrace, and town ( Taurianum, Mela 2,68; Geogr. Rav. 4,36) in Bruttium ( Bruttii) on the Tyrrhenian Sea, founded by Zancle (Solin. 2,11) or Locri (Steph. Byz., s.v. Μ.). Home of the poet Stesichorus (Steph. Byz.; Suda s.v. Στησίχορος) [2], moder…

[German version] (Ταισία; Taisía). City in Bruttium of unknown location near Rhegium (according to [2] near Motta San Giovanni, but cf. [1; 3. 267]). Station of Delphic theōrodókoi (SGDI 2580, Z. 88: 3rd/2nd century BC; [4]), presumably identical with the fortress of Tisia (App. Hann. 188; Steph. Byz. s. v. Τισία) or Isia (Diod. 37,2,13). Lombardo, Mario (Lecce) Bibliography 1 E. Pais, Tisiae ed Isiae, in: id. (ed.), Italia antica, 1922, 111-122 …

[German version] (Βρέττιοι; Bréttioi). Italian tribe of Lucanian descent (Str. 5,3,1; Just. Epit. 23,1; Diod. Sic. 16,15; the name is possibly of pre-Lucanian origin; equation with Βρέντιοι; Bréntioi impossible) in the region south of a line from Laus to Thurii (Str. 6,1,4); its settlement area is generally referred to as Bruttium. Apparently, B. was the Lucanian term for ‘slaves’ or ‘rebels’ (δραπέται, ἀποστάται): Diod. Sic. 16,15; Str. 6,1,4 [8. 29-53]. Prior to 357 BC, the B. lived in the Sila Forest as shepherds and c…

[German version] Indigenous name of the Messapians in the southernmost part of regio II, near the Cape of Iapygia (Cape Leuca) (Str. 6,3,1; cf. Mela 2,66; but Degrassi, FCap. XX: de Sallentineis Messapieisque). According to legend, the S. under Idomeneus [1] came with the Illyrii and the Locri [1] (Varro, Rust. 3,6; Verg. Aen. 3,400; Verrius Flaccus in Fest. 440; Solin. 2,10; cf. Str. 6,3,5: ápoikoi from Crete) from Lyctus to Italy, where the Cape of Iapygia was called Promunturium Sallentinum after them (D…

[German version] City in Bruttium (Cato HRR, fr. 71; Mela 2,4,68; Tab. Peut. 7,2: Tauriana; Plin. HN 3,73: Tauroentum) to the south of the Mataurus river on the border with Rhegium at modern Monte Traviano [1. 117-130]. It is …

[German version] (Περιπόλιον; Peripólion). Locrian fortress near the mouth of the Halex in Bruttium (Bruttii, Bruttium) on the border with Rhegium [1], precise location unknown. Conquered by the Athenians in 426 BC (Thuc. 3,99), only to be won back by Locri [2] in 425 (Thuc. 3,115,6). Lombardo, Mario (Lecce) …