Search

[English Version] Pharmakidis, Theoklitos (25.1.1784 Thessalien – 21.4.1860 Athen), griech.-orth. Geistlicher und Prof. an der 1837 gegründeten Universität von Athen. Zuvor war P. Diakon in Konstantinopel und Iaşi, Priester in Bukarest und Wien, wo er, wie später in Göttingen, eifrig studierte. Liberaler Theologe und Befürworter der Ideen von A. Korai¨s und der Aufklärung, setzte er sich für radikale Reformen im kirchl. und sozialen Leben sowie für die (antikanonische) Proklamation der Autokephalie…

[English Version] Oikonomos, Konstantinos (voller Name: Κωn̆σταn̆τι˜n̆ος Οι᾿κοn̆ο´μος ο῾ ε᾿ξ Οι᾿κοn̆ο´μωn̆; 27.8.1780 Tsaritsani, Thessalien – 8.3.1857 Athen), griech.-orth. Geistlicher, einer der gebildetsten Lehrer, begabtesten Prediger und mächtigsten Geistlichen und Kirchenpolitiker seiner Zeit. Aus Smyrna vom Ökum. Patriarchen Gregor V. ehrenvoll als Prediger nach Konstantinopel berufen (1820), mußte er 1821 nach Odessa und Petersburg fliehen (bis 1832). Wegen seines großen Ansehens genoß er die Guns…

[English Version] Papadopoulos, Chrysostomos (1.7.1868 Madytos, Ostthrazien – 22.10.1938 Athen), einer der bedeutendsten Theologen und Hierarchen Griechenlands. Studien in Konstantinopel, Jerusalem, Smyrna, Athen, Kiev und St. Petersburg. Lehr- und Pastoraltätigkeit in Jerusalem, Alexandrien, Athen, seit 1914 Prof. für Kirchengesch. an der Universität Athen, 1923–1938 Metropolit bzw. Erzbf. von Athen und ganz Griechenland (der Titel Metropolit wurde Ende 1923 durch Erzbischof ersetzt und blieb so s…

[German Version] (Oct 19, 1784, Andros – Jan 9, 1853, Syros), Greek Orthodox priest monk and a philosopher of the Enlightenment. He studied philosophy and natural science in Pisa and Paris, where he formed a friendship with A. Korais. He was headmaster in Smyrna and Kydonia, and took part in the Greek War of Independence (from 1821). He founded an orphanage on ¶ the island of Andros (1835), where he taught his scientific and theophilanthropic ideas. The political turmoils of his times, the spiritual and sociocultural controversies sparked off by the Enlight…

[German Version] (full name: Κωνσταντῖνος Οἰκονόμος ὁ ἐξ Οἰκονόμων; Aug 27, 1780, Tsaritsani, Thessaly - Mar 8, 1857, Athens), Greek Orthodox cleric; one of the most highly educated teachers, most gifted ¶ preachers, and most powerful clerics and church politicians of his time. The ecumenical patriarch Gregory V honored him by summoning him in 1820 from Smyrna to be preacher in Constantinople, but in 1821 he was obliged to flee to Odessa and Petersburg, where he remained until 1832. Because of his high reputation he enjoyed th…

[German Version] (Jan 25, 1784, Thessaly – Apr 21, 1860, Athens), Greek Orthodox priest, and professor at the University of Athens from its foundation in 1837. Prior to this, Pharmakidis was deacon in Constantinope and Iaşi, and priest in Bucharest and Vienna, where he studied with enthusiasm, as later in Göttingen. He was a liberal theologian and spokesman for the ideas of A. Korais and the Enlightenment, supported radical reforms in church and society, and campaigned for the (anticanonical) proc…

[German Version] (1831, Siphnos – Dec 25, 1905, Athens). Among the lay theologians, he was the most important Greek Orthodox popular educator and revival preacher of his time. He first studied and taught in Constantinople and Paris, and became an activist in writing, preaching, teaching, and politics in Athens. He was a resolute opponent of any kind of modernism, especially coming from the West. His goal was the rebirth of the people according to the model of the primitive the renewal of leadershi…

[German Version] (Apr 27, 1748, Smyrna – Jun 4, 1833, Paris), Enlightenment scholar of European renown and “teacher of the nation.” While studying mathematics and philosophy at the Athenaeum in Amsterdam (1772–1779), Korais had his first encounter with the Enlightenment. He began medical studies at Montpellier in 1782. His Pyretologiae synopsis (1786) and Medicus Hippocraticus (1787) were a major contribution to the renewal of Hippocratic thought (Hippocrates) in the West. From 1788 until his death in Paris, he zealously promoted the Enlightenment …

[German Version] Cretans were present at Pentecost (Acts 2:11) and they evidently made the island the first gateway for the reception of the gospel on European soil. Scholarship has not yet given a consensus answer to the question of origins. The Epistle to Titus, the first apostle and bishop of Crete, imparts early information. Although the Cretans did not have a good name (probably because of the claim that Zeus died on Crete – his grave was even venerat…

[German Version] (Jul 1, 1868, Madytos, Eastern Thrace – Oct 22, 1938, Athens), one of Greece’s most important theologians and hierarchs. Papadopoulos studied in Constantinople, Jerusalem, Smyrna, Athens, Kiev, and St. Petersburg. He undertook teaching and pastoral work in Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Athens, and was from 1914 professor of church history at Athens University; from 1923 to 1938 metropolitan, then archbishop, of Athens and the whole of Greece (the title of metropolitan was replaced by…

[English Version] Voulgaris, Evgenios (10.8.1716 Korfu – 12.6.1806 St. Petersburg), berühmtester griech.-orth. Theologe seiner Zeit. Studien in Griechenland und Italien; beherrschte mehrere Sprachen. V. lehrte Philos., Astronomie u.a. Disziplinen, predigte und erstrebte päd. Reformen im Geiste der Aufklärung. Leiter der 1749 gegründeten Akademie auf dem Athos (1753–1759), dann der Großen Patriarchatsschule in Konstantinopel. Studien in Leipzig seit 1763, seit 1769 in Berlin (Ehrengast Friedrichs II…

[English Version] Vamvas, Neophytos (1770 Chios – 9.1.1855 Athen), griech.-orth. Geistlicher und Volkserzieher. Vielfältige Studien im In- und Ausland, insbes. in Paris, unterstützt von A. Korais. Lehrtätigkeit in Griechenland, Konstantinopel, Walachei. Als Sekretär von Dimitrios Ypsilantis nahm er aktiv teil am griech. Befreiungskampf 1821. V. war Prof. und Dekan an der Philos. Fakultät der Universität von Athen und deren Rektor (1844/45) und einer der Begründer der akademischen Forschung und Erzi…

[English Version] Theotokis, Nikiforos (1736 Korfu – 31.5.1800 Moskau), griech.-orth. Geistlicher; Prediger, Lehrer und Aufklärer der Griechen, Vf. zahlreicher exegetischer, homiletischer, päd. und naturwiss. Schriften. Studium der Theol., Philos., Mathematik und Physik in Bologna und Padua. Nach Korfu zurückgekehrt, gründete er eine höhere Schule und entfaltete eine intensive Lehrtätigkeit. Seit 1762 Priestermönch, wurde er in Konstantinopel von Patriarch Samuel zum Prediger des ökum. Patriarchats…

[German Version] (1770, Chios – Jan 9, 1855, Athens), Greek Orthodox cleric and educator. After studying in many places in Greece and abroad, especially in Paris, Vamvas taught in Greece, Constantinople, and Wallachia, supported by A. Korais. As secretary to Dimitrios Ypsilantis, he played an active role in the ¶ 1821 Greek war of liberation. He was professor and dean of the faculty of philosophy at the University of Athens, where he served as rector in 1844/1845. He was a pioneer of academic research and education in the new state of Greece. A…

[German Version] (1736, Corfu – May 31, 1800, Moscow), Greek Orthodox churchman; preacher, teacher, and father of the Greek Enlightenment; author of numerous exegetical, homiletical, educational, and scientific works. He studied theology, philosophy, mathematics, and physics in Bologna and Padua. On returning to Corfu, he set up his own school and engaged intensively in teaching. A hieromonk from 1762, he was appointed preacher to the ecumenical patriarchate in Constantinople by Patriarch Samuel. …

[German Version] (Aug 10, 1716, Corfu – Jun 12, 1806, St. Petersburg), most famous Greek Orthodox theologian of his period. Voulgaris studied in Greece and Italy and mastered several languages. He taught philosophy, astronomy, and other subjects, preached, and campaigned for educational reforms in the spirit of the Enlightenment. From 1753 to 1759, he headed the academy on Athos that had been founded in 1749, then the Great Patriarchal School in Constantinople. He began studies in Leipzig in 1763 …