Search

[German Version] (Sep 16, 1803, Stockbridge, VT – Apr 17, 1876, Detroit) spent his life as a controversialist, editor, and spiritual pilgrim, moving from Presbyterianism (Presbyterians) through Universalism to Transcendentalism, before converting to Roman Catholicism on Oct 20, 1844. Always controversial, his Brownson's Quarterly Review energetically defended Roman Catholic orthodoxy, earning him the favor of pope Pius IX. This support weakened when Browns…

[German Version] The American Colonization Society, founded in 1817, was dedicated to the emancipation of the slaves and to their return to Africa. The American Colonization Society was promoted in many places, especially in New England and the upper South. Their most significant accomplishment was the founding of Monrovia (later Liberia) on the West coast of Africa in 1822. Until 1862, the society had settled nearly 12,000 African-Americans in this country; until its dissolution in 1912 it led the efforts to support this settlement. Edward L.Queen II Bibliography A.J. Beyan, The Ame…

[German Version] was one of numerous communitarian experiments (Communitarianism) that dotted the USA during the early to mid-19th century. Although not a very successful experiment, it did contain an illustrious membership, including N. Hawthorne. Founded by George Ripley in 1941, Brook Farm, like Fruitlands founded by Bronson Alcott, was an attempt by New England transcendentalists to create a harmonious community dedicated to the arts, knowledge, and the appre¶ ciation of nature. As the transcendentalist emphasis lay on the individ…

[German Version] the movement to abolish slavery in the USA, derived its power from its emphasis on the equality of all people before the law, which was a heritage of the Enlightenment, and the high regard for moral perfectibility typical of 19th-century evangelicalism. While some religious groups, primarily the Quakers and Methodists, had attacked slavery as early as the 18th century, the actual movement to abolish slavery began in 1831 with the appearance of W.L. Garrison's newspaper The Liberator. The movement to free the slaves, sparked by Garrison …

[German Version] 1. Lyman (Oct 12, 1775, New Haven, CT–Jan 10, 1863, Brooklyn, NY). After graduating from Yale College in 1797, Beecher become pastor in East Hampton, NY; in 1810, he moved to Litchfield, CT. During these years he gained a reputation as a social reformer who opposed dueling, intemperance, and the separation of church and state. Moving to Hanover …