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“pīr-i raws̲h̲ān (or raws̲h̲an ) b. ʿabd allāh ḳāḍī b. s̲h̲ayk̲h̲ muḥammad , the founder of a religious and national movement of the Afg̲h̲āns (called pīr-tārīk by the Mug̲h̲al historians etc., after Ḥād̲j̲d̲j̲ī Mullā Muḥammad, commonly known as Mullā Zangī, a teacher of the Pīr’s chief opponent Āk̲h̲und Darwīza, who was the first to dub him thus ( Tad̲h̲kira f. 92). He claimed descent through S̲h̲. Sirād̲j̲ al-Dīn (his fifth ancestor) from (Abū) Ayyūb al-Anṣārī, the famous Companion of the Prophet, (his 21st ancestor). His mother Aymana (varr. Bih-bīn, Bīban, Maʾāt̲h̲ir al-Umarāʾ …

, or more fully Muns̲h̲ī Mawlawī Muḥ. ʿAbd al-Karīm ʿAlawī , Indo-Persian historian of the middle of the 19th century. He may have lived in Lucknow ( Taʾrīk̲h̲-i Pand̲j̲āb , 2, Muḥāraba 21) or Cawnpūr ( Muḥāraba, 3). He was fond of studying history, and during his retirement rendered from Arabic into Persian al-Suyūṭī, Taʾrīk̲h̲ al-Ḵh̲ulafāʾ ,and Taʾrīk̲h̲ Miṣr , and prepared an abridged version of Ibn Ḵh̲allikān in Persian. He also translated astronomical and geographical works from English into Persian and Urdu, as well as story-…

, i.e., s̲h̲ayk̲h̲ muḥammad b. nāsir al-dīn maḥmūd , sister’s son of S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ D̲j̲amāl al-Dīn Aḥmad Nuʿmānī Hānsawī (for him see Ak̲h̲yār 67) and one of the earliest and most devoted disciples, and a Ḵh̲alīfa of the s̲h̲ayk̲h̲ al-Islām Niẓām al-Dīn of Delhī (d. 725/1325). He was born in Hānsī (East Pand̲j̲āb) in 654/1256 and died in Deōgīr (Dawlatābād) on 11 Ṣafar 738/8 Sept. 1337 ( Nuzha after Rawḍat al-Awliyāʾ ), according to others ( e.g., Ḵh̲azīna ) in 741/1340-1, and was buried at Rawḍa (Ḵh̲uldābād). After spending his early years in Hānsī, he went to Delhī and studied fiḳh , uṣūl , and ʿar…

al-Dihlawī al-Buk̲h̲ārī, Abu l-Mad̲j̲d, with the tak̲h̲alluṣ Ḥaḳḳī , Indian author in Arabic and Persian, born Muḥarram 958/Jan. 1551, died 2 Rabīʿ II 1052/30 June 1642. He spent some time in Fatḥpūr, studying with Fayḍī and Mīrzā Niẓām al-Dīn Aḥmad, but fell out with them (cf. Badāʾūnī, iii, 113, 115 ff.; al-Makātib wa l-Rasāʾil , on marg. of Ak̲h̲bār al-Ak̲h̲yār , Delhi, 1332, 160; ʿAbd al-Ḥaḳḳ’s book on the writers of Delhi, cf. below, p. 20; Haft Iḳlīm , s. v. Dihli). He left for the Ḥid̲j̲āz in 996 ( Ad̲h̲kār-i Abrār , Urdu transl. of G̲h̲awt̲h̲ī’s Gulzār-i Abrār , …

, Mawlānā S̲h̲āh Muḥammad b. S̲h̲āh Walī Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm al-ʿUmarī (after the caliph ʿUmar b. al-K̲h̲aṭṭāb), was born in 1163/1750 in Dihlī, in a family which enjoyed the highest reputation in Muslim India for learning and piety, from the 18th century onwards, and produced a number of eminent ʿulamāʾ up to the Sepoy Rebellion of 1837-8 (see Ṣiddīḳ Ḥasan K̲h̲ān, Itḥāf al-nubalāʾ , Kānpur 1288, 296-7; JASB, xiii, 310). He studied ḥadīt̲h̲ with his father, S̲h̲āh Walī Allāh [see al-dihlawī , s̲h̲āh walī allāh ] who was the most celebrated traditionist in his time, in India. After the dea…

Mawlānā S̲h̲āh Muḥammad, b. S̲h̲āh Walī Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm al-ʿOmarī (after the Caliph ʿOmar b. al-Ḵh̲aṭṭāb), was born in 1163 (1750) in Dihlī, in a family which enjoyed the highest reputation in Muslim India for learning and piety, from the xviiith century onwards, and produced a number of eminent ʿulamāʾ up to the “Mutiny” (see Ṣiddīḳ Ḥasan Ḵh̲ān, Itḥāf al-Nubatāʾ, Cawnpur 1288, p. 296 sq.; J. A. S. B., xiii. 310). He studied ḥadīt̲h̲ with his father, who was the most celebrated traditionist in his time, in India. After the death of his father in 1176, he was brought up by his…

(or Sud̲j̲ān rāy; cf. Rieu, i. 230; iii. 908), author of a general history of India up to the early part of the reign of Awrangzēb [q. v.], entitled Ḵh̲ulāṣat al-Tawārīk̲h̲. Nothing is known of his life except the few facts that he mentions himself and the remarks added by transcribers of his book. In his preface (lith. ed., p. 6, 11) he tells us that from his youth upwards he had followed “the profession of drafting letters i. e. of a Muns̲h̲ī” under administrative and revenue officials; he was born at Batāla in the Pand̲j̲āb (p. 71, 20); he had visited Kābul (p. 86), possibly Thatta (p. 60, 6), and t…

("Light of Dihlī"), the laḳab of S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ Naṣīr al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Yaḥyā Yazdī , Awadhī , said to be based on a remark of his contemporary S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ ʿAbd Allāh b. Asʿad al-Yāfiʿī (d. 768/1367) ( Firishta , ii, 7817, 7473, Ḏj̲amālī, 141b). He was one of the most eminent ¶ disciples of S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ Niẓām al-Dīn Awliyāʾ. His father Yaḥyā was born in Lāhore. Later the family settled at Awadh (Ayōdhyā), where his father traded in woollen cloth or cotton ( pas̲h̲mīna in Ḵh̲ayr al-Mad̲j̲ālis , var. panbe in Ak̲h̲bār 80). It was in Awadh that Maḥmūd was born, but he wa…

, i.e. abū muḥammad ʿabd allāh b. nāṣir al-dīn maḥmūd (or Muḥammad) b. d̲j̲alāl al-dīn mak̲h̲dūm-i d̲j̲ahāniyān , usually known as Ḳuṭb-i ʿĀlam , a famous Suhrawardī saint and the founder of the Buk̲h̲āriyya Sayyids of Gud̲j̲arāt (W. India). He was also known as T̲h̲ānī-i Mak̲h̲dūm-i D̲j̲ahāniyān ( Maʿārid̲j̲). Born at Uchcha (now in Bahāwalpur) on 14 Rad̲j̲ab 790/19 July 1388, he died at Batwa (Ardastānī, Maḥfil al-Aṣfiyā , f. 329b; cf. Ulug̲h̲-k̲h̲ānī , i, 1407), or Bātwa ( Maʿārid̲j̲) a village 6 miles south of Aḥmadābād, on 8 D̲h̲u ʾl-Ḥid̲j̲d̲j̲a 857/10 December 1453 ( Maṭlaʿ yawm al-…

, a well-known philologist, born in Baghdad in 1030/1621 and died in Cairo in 1093/1682. His early education began in Bag̲h̲dād, which from 941/1534 had been the scene of a fierce struggle between the Ṣafawids and the ʿUt̲h̲mānlis. When in 1048/1638 it was retaken by the Turks, under the personal direction of Murād IV, ʿAbd al-Ḳādir left for Damascus. He had by that time acquired a thorough acquaintance with Arabic, Persian and Turkish. He studied Arabic in Damascus with Muḥ. b. Kamāl al-Dīn al-Ḥusaynī, the naḳīb of Syria, and with Muḥ. b. Yaḥyā al-Farāʾiḍī…

, s̲h̲ayk̲h̲ , of D̲j̲awnpūr, a holy man belonging to the order known as S̲h̲aṭṭāriyya [ q.v.], ( Ak̲h̲bār al-Ak̲h̲yār 193; Ad̲h̲kār-i Abrār 284 ff.). He was descended from S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ ʿAbd Allāh S̲h̲aṭṭārī (d. 890/1485, in Māndū), who himself was the seventh descendant of S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn ʿUmar b. Muḥammad al-Suhrawardī and came to India from Persia towards the end of the 9th/15th century (for him see Ak̲h̲bār al-Ak̲h̲yār, 171; Ad̲h̲kār-i Abrār, 161, 286; Maʿārid̲j̲ al-Wilāya , f. 538; Muftī G̲h̲ulām Sarwar, Ḵh̲azīnat al-Aṣfiyāʾ , Lāhore 1283, 947; ʿAbd al-Ḥayy, Nuzhat al-Ḵ…

, Muḥammad Ibrāhīm S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ , Urdū poet b. Dihlī 11 D̲h̲u ’l-Ḥid̲j̲d̲j̲a 1204/18 December 1790 (so Āzād; in 1203 according to a contemporary Calcutta newspaper, cf. Nawā-i Adab , 45), the only son of S̲h̲. Muḥammad Ramaḍān, a trusted servant of Nawwāb Luṭf ʿAlī K̲h̲ān of Dihlī. His early schooling in Persian and Arabic was in the mosque-school of Ḥāfiẓ G̲h̲ulām Rasūl S̲h̲awḳ, a poet and a pupil of S̲h̲āh Naṣīr (S̲h̲eftā, 150), who inspired the young learner with a love for reading and writing poetry…

, Bābā , Ḥād̲j̲d̲j̲ī , Abu ’l-Riḍā , a longlived Indian saint, famous in almost all the lands of Islam, called Ratan b. Kirbāl b. Ratan al-Batrandī in the Ḳāmūs (Cairo 1330, iv, 226; see variants in Iṣāba , Calcutta, i, 1087; Lisān al-mīzān , ii, 450 ff.). The nisba (vocalised as al-Bitrandī in Lisān al-mīzān, and Tād̲j̲ al-ʿarūs , ix, 212) is derived, according to al-Zabīdī, from al-Bitranda, “a city in India”, where, as we learn from the Āʾīn-i Akbarī (ed. Sayyid Aḥmad K̲h̲ān, ii, 207 = tr. Jarrett, iii, 360), Ratan was born and where he died. This p…

b. ʿĀkibat Maḥmūd b. Bulāḳī b. Muḥ. Riḍā , Indo-Persian historian. From autobiographical references in his Bayān-i Wāḳiʿ we learn that he was living in Dihlī at the time of its sack by Nādir S̲h̲āh (1151/1739), and entered the service of Nādir as a mutaṣaddī . He accompanied Nādir on his march from Dihlī to Ḳazwīn, reaching Ḳazwīn in 1154/1741. From there he travelled to Mecca and returned to India by sea in 1156/1743. He died in 1198/1784. He is the author of a history of his own times from Nādir S̲h̲āh’s invasion of India to 1198/1784 (the India Office copy, Ethé 566, c…

(“Ocean of the Sciences”), honorific title of abu ’l-ʿayyās̲h̲ ʿabd al-ʿalī muḥammad b. niẓām al-dīn muḥammad b. ḳuṭb al-dīn al-anṣārī al-laknawī , a highly distinguished Indian savant of the 19th century. He claimed descent from the famous Ḵh̲wād̲j̲a ʿAbd Allāh Anṣārī Harawī, whose descendant S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ ʿAlaʾ al-Dīn (ʿAbd al-ʿAlī’s tenth ancestor) came from Harāt to India, and now lies buried at Barnāwa (between Mut̲h̲rā and Delhī). The next generation settled in Sihālī, a town near Lucknow. U…

the tak̲h̲alluṣ of Nawwāb Mīrza K̲h̲ān (originally called Ibrāhīm, Āʾīna-i Dāg̲h̲ ), one of the most distinguished Urdū poets of modern times. He was a son of Nawwāb S̲h̲ams al-Dīn K̲h̲ān. ruler of Fīrūzpur D̲j̲hirkā, and Wazīr Begam (usually called Čhot́ī Begam). Nawwāb Mīrzā was born in Čāndnī Čawk, Dihlī on 12 D̲h̲u ’l-Ḥid̲j̲d̲j̲a 1246/25 May 1831 (cf. his horoscope in D̲j̲alwa-i Dāg̲h̲ , 9). When S̲h̲ams al-Dīn K̲h̲ān was hanged (Oct. 1835) for his part in the murder of Mr. W. Fraser, Resident of Dihlī, Nawwāb Mirzā K̲h̲ān’s mother…

, Mīrzā , Lakhnawī , an Urdū poet, who devoted himself to writing and reciting highly devotional elegies on the death of the martyrs of Karbalā. He was a son of Mīrzā G̲h̲ulām Ḥusayn, who is claimed to be a grandson of Mullā Hās̲h̲im S̲h̲īrāzī (a brother of the famous Ahlī of S̲h̲īrāz, d. 934/1536-7). Salāmat ʿAlī was born in Ballīmārān, Dihlī on 11 Ḏj̲umāda I 1218/29 August 1803; he accompanied his father as a child to Lucknow and there received a good education. He studied all the usual Persian and Arabic texts on religious and foreign sciences ( manḳūl wa maʿḳūl ) from well-known ʿulamāʾ …

, S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ Muḥammad b. Nāṣir al-dīn Maḥmūd, fils de la sœur de S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ Ḏj̲amāl al-dīn Aḥmad Nuʿmānī Hānsawī (sur lui, voir Ak̲h̲yār, 67), l’un des disciples les plus anciens et les plus dévoués, et k̲h̲alīfa du s̲h̲ayk̲h̲ al-Islām Niẓām al-dīn de Delhi (m. 725/1325); il naquit à Hānsī (Pand̲j̲āb oriental) en 654/1256, et mourut à Deōgīr (Dawlatābād) le 11 ṣafar 738/8 sept. 1337 ( Nuzha d’après Rawḍat al-awliyāʾ) — ou selon d’autres (p. ex. Ḵh̲azīna) en 741/1340-1 — et fut enterré à Rawḍa (Ḵh̲aldābād). Il passa ses premières années à Hānsī, puis se rendit à Delhi, où il étudia le fiḳh, les u…

(S̲h̲ayk̲h̲).de Ḏj̲awnpūr, saint homme appartenant à l’ordre appelé S̲h̲aṭṭāriyya [ q.v.] (voir Ak̲h̲bār al-ak̲h̲yār, 193; Ad̲h̲kār-i abrār, 284 sqq.). Il descendait de S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ ʿAbd Allāh S̲h̲aṭṭārī (m. 890/1485, à Māndū), qui était lui-même le septième descendant de S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ S̲h̲ihāb al-dīn ʿUmar b. Muḥammad al-Suhrawardī, et était venu de Perse aux Indes vers la fin du IXe/XVe siècle (à son sujet, voir Ak̲h̲bār al-Ak̲h̲yār, 171; Ad̲h̲kār-i abrār, 161, 286; Maʿārid̲j̲ al wilāya, fol. 538; Mufti G̲h̲ulām Sarwar, Ḵh̲azīnat al-aṣfiyāʾ, Lahore 1283, 947; ʿAbd al-Ḥayy, Nuzhat…

, ou, d’une façon plus complète, Muns̲h̲ī Mawlawī Muḥ. ʿAbd al-Karīm ʿAlawī, historien persan de la première moitié du XIXe siècle. Il paraît avoir vécu à Lucknow ( Taʾrīk̲h̲ i-Pand̲j̲āb, 2; Muḥāraba, 21), ou à Cawnpūr (Muḥāraba, 3). Il s’adonna à l’étude de l’histoire et, durant sa retraite, il traduisit de l’arabe en persan Taʾrīk̲h̲ al-Ḵh̲ulafāʾ et Taʾrīk̲h̲ Miṣr de Suyūṭī, et il prépara une version abrégée d’Ibn Ḵh̲allikān en persan. Il traduisit également des ouvrages astronomiques et géographiques de l’anglais en persan et en urdu, de même que de…