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[English Version] Sokolow,  Nahum (16.1.1861 Wischogrod, Polen – 17.5.1936 London), hebr. Schriftsteller, Journalist und führender zionistischer Politiker. Vielsprachig und weitgereist, sowohl im traditionellen wie im säkularen Judentum verankert, lag seine Bedeutung v.a. in seiner Vermittlerrolle zw. den unterschiedlichen jüd. Lebenswelten der gesamten Diaspora. Dabei diente ihm seine unermüdliche journalistische Tätigkeit in allen großen jüd. Medien der Zeit als Plattform, so daß er als einer der…

[English Version] (Schasar; Akronym aus: Shneur Salman Rubashow), Shneur Salman (6.10.1889 Mir, Weißrußland – 5.10.1974 Jerusalem), dritter Staatspräsident Israels, Journalist und Gelehrter, bedeutender Führer der zionistischen Arbeiterbewegung. Nach traditioneller Erziehung in chassidischem Milieu folgte ein Studium der Gesch. und Philos. in St. Petersburg, Freiburg, Straßburg und Berlin. Schon 1905 trat Sh. der zionistischen Arbeiterpartei Po‘ale Zion (Zionismus) bei. 1924 wanderte er nach Palästina ei…

[German Version] (Shazar is an acronym of Shneur Zalman Rubashov; Oct 6, 1889, Mir [now in Belarus] – Oct 5, 1974, Jerusalem), third president of the state of Israel, journalist and scholar, major leader of the Zionist labor movement. After a traditional upbringing in a Hasidic milieu, he studied history and philosophy in St. Petersburg, Freiburg, Straßburg (Strasbourg), and Berlin. In 1905 he had already joined the Zionist workers’ party Po‘ale Zion (Zionism). In 1924 he emigrated to Palestine, where he sat on all the critical political committees, while at the same time working on Davar…

[German Version] ( Jan 16, 1861, Wyszogród, Poland – May 17, 1936, London), Hebrew writer, journalist, and leading Zionist politician. His tireless journalistic activity in all the major Jewish media of his time served as his platform, so that he counts as one of the founding fathers of Hebrew journalism. He held high offices in Zionism early on: he was invited to become general secretary in 1906, and in 1911 he was elected to the Zionist Executive; from 1920 to 1931 he was its chairman. From 1931…

[German Version] (abbreviation for the Heb. merkas ruchani, “intellectual center”) founded in 1902 under Rabbi Isaak Jakob Reines in Vilnius as a faction of the Zionist organization. It campaigned, under the motto “the land of Israel for the people of Israel on the basis of the Torah of Israel,” for the integration of Jewish orthodoxy (Orthodoxy: III) within the strongly secular direction of the Zionist movement (Zionism). The name goes back to a previous foundation by Rabbi S. Mohilever in 1893. In 1904, at the conference of Pressburg (Bratislava), the Mizrahi World Organiz…

[German Version] (1795, Lissa, Posen [today Leszno, Poland] – 1874, Thorn, East Prussia [today Toruń, Poland]). Kalischer was rabbi of Thorn from 1824 until his death and one of the first to advocate the return of the Jews to Palestine. Having already authored books on Halakhah and the philosophy of religion, he only became famous with the publication of Derishat Zion (1862), in which he summoned orthodox Judaism (Orthodoxy: III) to return to Zion. The redemption of Israel would not come about as a divine miracle, but as a result of human efforts, namely…