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Velarization is a secondary articulation that refers to the raising of the tongue body toward the back of the soft palate. Classical Arabic has four velarized phonemes, /ṭ/, /ḍ/, /ṣ/, and /ḏ̣/, all of which are coronal consonants with a primary articulation in the dental-alveolar region of the vocal tract. Sībawayhi uses the term muṭbaq ‘covered’ in his Kitāb to describe the velarized consonants of Arabic (ʾiṭbāq). These consonants are often referred to as pharyngealized. In terms of articulation, a pharyngealized consonant is one made with the root of…