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Syrinx

(168 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina
[English version] [1] arkad. Nymphe (Σύριγξ). Arkadische Nymphe. Sie wird auf der Flucht vor Pan, der sie vergewaltigen will, beim Fluß Ladon in Schilfröhricht verwandelt, aus dem sich Pan eine (nach ihm benannte) Flöte (S. [2]) baut. Von nun an gilt die Hirtenflöte als Instrument, das die Liebessehnsucht ausdrückt (Ov. met. 1,690-712). Zahlreiche Anspielungen zeigen, daß die Erzählung nicht nur in der lat., sondern auch der griech. Dichtung spätestens seit dem Hell. bekannt war (Longos 2,34 f.; Ach.…

Thetis

(506 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina
[English version] (Θέτις). Tochter des Nereus und der Doris [I 1], eine der Nereiden (Hes. theog. 240-244; vgl. Hom. Il. 1,358; 18,36; Pind. P. 3,92; Apollod. 1,11 u. a.), von Hera erzogen (Hom. Il. 24,60), Mutter des Achilleus [1]. Als Poseidon und Zeus Th. begehren, sagt ein Orakel der Themis vorher, daß der Sohn der Th. seinen Vater entmachten werde. Darauf beschließt Zeus, Th. gegen ihren Willen mit dem sterblichen Peleus zu vermählen; ihren Sohn soll Th. gemäß einer weiteren Prophezeihung der…

Teisiphone

(221 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina
(Τεισιφόνη, lat. Tisiphone). [English version] [1] Erinnye, Rächerin des Mordes “Rächerin des Mordes”. Neben Al(l)ekto und Megaira die dritte namentlich bezeichnete Erinys (lat. Furiae ; z. B. Hyg. fab. praef. 3). Die Dreizahl ist seit Euripides belegt (Eur. Or. 408; Eur. Tro. 457) und spielt in der orphischen Trad. eine wichtige Rolle (Orph. h. 69,2; Orph. Arg. 966-969; Orphik). Der Name T. erscheint lit. erstmals bei Lucil. 4, fr. 169 f., ist jedoch auf einer apulischen Lekythos [1] bereits fürs…

Stheneboia

(133 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina
[English version] (Σθενέβοια). Bei Hom. Il. 6,160 Anteia genannt, Tochter des lykischen Königs Iobates (Apollod. 2,25; Hyg. fab. 57) oder Amphianax (Apollod. 2,25; schol. Hom. Il. 6,200 Rekker) oder des arkadischen Königs Apheidas [3] (Apollod. 3,102), Frau des Proitos und Mutter der Proitides und des Megapenthes [1] (Apollod. 2,26; 2,29; Aristoph. Ran. 1043 mit schol. u. a.). Nachdem es ihr nicht gelingt, den Bellerophontes zu verführen, beschuldigt sie diesen bei Proitos, sie vergewaltigt zu hab…

Tethys

(206 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina
[English version] (Τηθύς). Bei Hom. Il. 14,200 f. bezeichnet Hera T. und deren Bruder Okeanos als Stammeltern aller Götter. Nach Hesiod und anderen ist T. Tochter von Gaia und Uranos, Schwester des Okeanos und von diesem Mutter aller Flüsse und Okeaniden (Hes. theog. 337-370; Apollod. 1,8; vgl. Diod. 4,69,1; 4,72,1). Während des Kampfes zw. Zeus und Kronos bringt Rhea die kleine Hera bei T. und Okeanos in Sicherheit (Hom. Il. 14,202-204). Deshalb kann Hera vorgeben, ihre Stiefeltern am Rande der W…

Sterope

(169 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina
(Στερόπη, Ἀστερόπη; Ἀερόπη). [English version] [1] eine der Pleiaden Eine der Pleiaden, der sieben Töchter von Atlas [2] und Pleione (Hes. fr. 169 M.-W.; Apollod. 3,110; Paus. 5,10,6), von Ares Mutter des Oinomaos [1] (Hellanikos FGrH 4 F 19a; Eratosth. Katasterismoí 23; vgl. Tzetz. zu Lykophr. 149). S. ist auf dem ins zweite Viertel des 5. Jh. v. Chr. datierten Fries des Ostgiebels in Olympia abgebildet (Paus. 5,10,6; [2. 809 Nr. 5]). Sie heißt auch Asterope oder Aerope (Hes. fr. 169; Hyg. fab. 84). Waldner, Katharina [English version] [2] Tochter des Kepheus Tochter des Kepheus …

Thyone

(82 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina
[English version] (Θυώνη). Name der Semele nach ihrer Aufnahme unter die Götter (Diod. 4,25,4; Apollod. 3,38). Früheste Zeugnisse finden sich bei Sappho (fr. 17,10 Voigt) und Pindar (P. 3,98-99). Vereinzelt erscheint Th. auch als Amme des Dionysos (z. B. Panyassis fr. 5). Dieser erhält von ihr den Beinamen Thyonidas (Hesych. s. v.), lat. Thyoneus (z. B. Hor. carm. 1,17,23; Ov. met. 4,13 u.ö.). Waldner, Katharina Bibliography A. Kossatz-Deissmann, s. v. Semele, LIMC 7.1, 718-726  K. Preisendanz, s. v. Th., RE 6 A, 735-736  J. Schmidt, s. v. Th., Roscher 5, 926-929.

Procne

(568 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
[German version] (Πρόκνη/ Próknē, Lat. Progne, Procne). Daughter of the Attic king Pandion [1], wife of  Tereus, sister of Philomela. Out of gratitude for support in a war, P.'s father gives her in marriage to the Thracian Tereus. In Thrace her son Itys is born. When P. wishes to see her sister Philomela, Tereus is supposed to bring her from Athens to Thrace. He violates her on the way, cuts out her tongue to secure her silence and hides her in the country. Philomela weaves what happened to her into a…

Harmonia

(272 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
[German version] (Ἁρμονία; Harmonía). Daughter of Ares and Aphrodite, wife of  Cadmus, mother of  Ino,  Semele,  Agave,  Autonoe and  Polydorus (Hes. Theog. 933-937; 975-978; Apollod. 3,25). The wedding of Cadmus and H., for which the gods bring along opulent presents (i.a. a necklace made by Hephaestus and a  peplos, in Alcmaeon [1], Amphiaraus), was a popular topic (Pind. Pyth. 3,88-92; Paus. 3,18,12; Apollod. 3,25). The bridal song is sung by the Muses (Thgn. 15-18). At the end of their life, Ca…

Melanippe

(399 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
(Μελανίππη; Melaníppē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Aeolus Daughter of Aeolus [1], the son of Hellen, and of Hippe [2], the daughter of the centaur Chiron. Mother by Poseidon of the twins Aeolus [3] and Boeotus. M. was the protagonist in two fragmentarily surviving tragedies by Euripides: Μ. ἡ σοφή (‘The Wise M.; TGF 479-487) and Μ. ἡ δεσμῶτις (‘M. Bound; TGF 488-514). In the older ' Wise M.' (set in Thessaly), it is told how in the absence of her father Aeolus, M. becomes the mother of two sons by Poseidon. Although she exposes the children, they survive a…

Sterope

(195 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
(Στερόπη/ Sterópē, Ἀστερόπη/ Asterópē '(flash of )lightning'; Ἀερόπη/ Aërópē). [German version] [1] One of the Pleiades One of the Pleiades, the seven daughters of Atlas [2] and Pleione (Hes. fr. 169 M.-W.; Apollod. 3,110; Paus. 5,10,6), mother by Ares of Oenomaus [1] (Hellanikos FGrH 4 F 19a; Eratosth. Katasterismoí (epitome) 23; cf. Tzetz. on Lycoph. 149). There is a depiction of S. on the frieze of the eastern gable at Olympia (Paus. 5,10,6; [2. 809 no. 5]), dated to the second quarter of the 5th cent. BC. She is also called Asterope or Aerope (Hes. fr. 169; Hyg. Fab. 84). Waldner, Kathar…

Polycrite

(331 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
[German version] (Πολυκρίτη/ Polykrítē). Heroine of Naxos who, by a ruse, saves her hometown when it is besieged by the Milesians and Erythreans: she is left behind in a sanctuary before the city of Naxos [1] and taken prisoner by Diognetus, the leader of the Erythreans. Since he does not dare to rape her in the sanctuary, he tries to win her over by persuasion. She agrees under the condition that he swears to grant her request first. When Diognetus agrees, P. requests that he betray his allies, th…

Hippodamia

(455 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
(Ἱπποδάμεια/ Hippodámeia, Ἱπποδάμη/ Hippodámē, Latin Hippodamia). [German version] [1] Daughter of king Oenomaus Daughter of king  Oenomaus of Pisa and Sterope (Paus. 5,10,6). Because an oracle prophesied his murder by the future son-in-law (Diod. Sic. 4,73,2), or because he himself desires H. (Hyg. Fab. 253), Oenomaus prevents H.'s marriage by challenging her many suitors (Hes. Cat. fr. 259a; Pind. Ol. 1,128; Paus. 6,21,10f.; Epimenides, FGrH 457 fr. 14) to a chariot race, during which he defeats and kills …

Lysippe

(48 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
[German version] (Λυσίππη; Lysíppē). Daughter of Proetus and Stheneboea (Apollod. 2,25-26). Because she sinned against the gods, L. goes mad together with her sisters Iphianassa [1] and Iphinoe, but is then cured by Melampus (Apollod. 2,26-29; cf. Hes. Cat. fr. 37,10-15; 131; 133). Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)

Harpalyce

(259 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
(Ἁρπαλύκη; Harpalýkē). [German version] [1] Huntress and livestock thief Daughter of the Thracian king Harpalycus who, after the death of her mother, raises her with cow's and mare's milk and trains her to be a warrior. After his death, she lives as a livestock thief and hunter until she is captured with a net and killed. Ritual fighting took place at her grave (Serv. Auct. Aen. 1,317; Hyg. Fab. 193). The oldest reference to her can be found in Virgil (Aen. 1,317) for whom H. served as a model of  Camilla (Verg. Aen. 11,532-915). Waldner, Katharina (Berlin) [German version] [2] Daughter of Ep…

Lysidice

(180 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
(Λυσιδίκη; Lysidíkē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Pelops and Hippodamia Daughter of Pelops and Hippodamia [1], wife of Mestor, mother of Hippothoe (Apollod. 2,50). According to a tradition dismissed by Paus. 8,14,2, the mother of Amphitryon and hence the wife of Alcaeus. According to schol. Pind. Ol. 7,49, the wife of Electryon, mother of Alcmene (cf. also Plut. Thes 7,1 and schol. Pind. Ol. 7,50). All the husbands of L. who appear in the tradition are sons of Perseus. Waldner, Katharina (Berlin) [German version] [2] Female companion of Theseus and Ariadne On the François Vase (5…

Mestra

(164 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
[German version] (Μήστρα; Mḗstra). Daughter of Helios's son Aethon [2]. According to Hes. Cat. fr. 43c, Mestra received from Poseidon the gift of transforming herself. The legend was first recorded in detail at the time of the Roman Empire: Mestra helps her father, whose punishment from Demeter makes him suffer ravenous hunger, by allowing him to sell her, but she uses Poseidon's gift to turn herself into an animal and return to her father to be sold again (Ov. Met. 8,738f.; cf. also schol. Lykophr…

Pasiphae

(452 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
[German version] (Πασιφάη/ Pasipháē). Daughter of Helios and of Perse(is) (Apoll. Rhod. 3,998-1001; Apollod. 3,1,2; Paus. 3,26,1; Ov. Met. 9,736 amongst others; according to Plut. Agis 9, the daughter of Atlas [2], according to Diod. Sic. 4,60, the daughter of Crete), sister of Aietes, Calypso, Circe and Perses [2], wife of the Cretan king Minos (Apollod. 3,1,2,; Diod. Sic. 4,77 amongst others), mother of Ariadne and Phaedra. Minos asks Poseidon to make a bull appear out of the sea as a sacrificial animal in order to legitimize his claim to power in Crete. Howe…

Oenotropae

(236 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
[German version] (Οἰνοτρόποι; Oinotrópoi). The three daughters of Dorippe and Anius, the mythical first king of Delos: Oino ('Wine-Maid'), Spermo ('Corn-Maid') and Elais ('Oil-Maid'). On their way to Troy, Anius tries to persuade the Greeks to stay with him for nine years and be fed by the O., in order then to conquer Troy in the 10th year (Kypria PEG I fr. 19). The O. have from Dionysus the ability to conjure up corn (schol. Lycoph. 570), wine and oil (Lycoph. 577-580). According to Ovid, everythi…

Phaedra

(678 words)

Author(s): Waldner, Katharina (Berlin)
[German version] (Φαίδρα/ Phaídra, Latin Phaedra). Daughter of Minos and Pasiphae, second spouse of Theseus, mother of Demophon [2] and Acamas. P. loves her stepson Hippolytus [1]. She tries in vain to seduce him and accuses him of having raped her. Theseus asks Poseidon to destroy Hippolytus. The god sends a bull from the sea, which gives such a fright to Hippolytus' horse-team, that he is killed in the accident. P. commits suicide when her love for Hippolytus becomes public (Ps.-Apollod. epit. 1,17…
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