[= Daḥya ], ʿUmar b. al-Ḥasan al-Kalbī , also known under the name of Ibn al-D̲j̲umayyil , Andalusian poet, philologist, and traditionist, born probably in Valencia, in the middle of the 6th/12th century (the year of his birth is variously given as 544, 546, 547 or 548). His kunya was Abu ’l-Faḍl but he preferred to call himself Abu ’l-K̲h̲aṭṭāb and this is what he is generally called. In some sources he appears with the laḳab Mad̲j̲d al-Dīn, but he used that of D̲h̲u ’l-nasabayn (he who has two [illustrious] origins), since he claimed descent through his father from Diḥya b. K̲h̲alīfa [ q.v.] an…

, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Yūsuf al-Ṣurayḥī , known as Ibn Zamrak (or Zumruk), Andalusian poet and statesman, born at Granada in 733/1333. Although he was of humble origin, he devoted himself to study and received his education from famous masters, notably al-S̲h̲arīf al-G̲h̲arnāṭī and Ibn al-K̲h̲aṭīb [ qq.v.]. Thanks to the active patronage of the latter, the young poet obtained a post in the government administration of Granada. In 760/1359, when Muḥammad V was deposed and welcomed at Fez by the Marīnid su…

, Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar al-Tud̲j̲ībī , Andalusian man of letters of the 5th/11th century. Almost nothing is known of his life except that he was one of the panegyrists of al-Muʿtaṣim Ibn Ṣumādiḥ, king of Almeria. Ibn Bassām devotes to him a notice of some length in his D̲h̲ak̲h̲īra (i/2, 180-200) and quotes a fair number of his poems. Ibn Saʿīd also mentions him in the Mug̲h̲rib (ed. S̲h̲. Ḍayf, ii, 209-10) but without giving any personal details of him. As a poet, Ibn al-S̲h̲ahīd was merely one of the many flourishing at that period, without any especial claim to fame. He has on …

[Spanish León?], Abū ʿUt̲h̲mān Saʿd b. Abī D̲j̲aʿfar Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm al-Tud̲j̲ībī , Andalusian scholar, poet and mystic, born in Almeria in 681/1282 in a family from Lorca. He was one of the most learned men of his time and acquired a mastery of all branches of learning, although he hardly ever left his native town, where he died during a plague epidemic in 750/1349. Deeply religious, he remained celibate, practised asceticism and, being naturally shy, he avoided people and saw only a few friends and pupils, among whom should be mentioned two important persons: Ibn K̲h̲ātima [ q.v.] and Ibn…

, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. Saʿd b. Ḥārit̲h̲ b. ʿĀṣim al-Lak̲h̲mī , Andalusian faḳīh and grammarian of the 6th/12th century, who is given indiscriminately the kunyas of Abu ’l-ʿAbbās, Abū D̲j̲aʿfar and Abu ’l-Ḳāsim. Born into a famous Cordovan family in 513/1119, he studied grammar at Seville with Ibn al-Rammāk and ḥadīt̲h̲ at Ceuta with the ḳāḍī ʿIyāḍ. He was ḳāḍī at Fez and at Bougie, until the Almohad caliph Yūsuf b. ʿAbd al-Muʾmin appointed him ḳāḍī ’l-d̲j̲amāʿa , an office which he retained under his son and successor Yaʿḳūb b. Yūsuf. In spite of his wide education in al…

, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā al-Lak̲h̲mī , Andalusian poet of the 5th/11th century, born in Denia, whence his nisba al-Dānī, by which he is often called; but he is much better known under the name of Ibn al-Labbāna “son of the dairy-woman”, his mother having been, as is stated by Ibn Bassām ( D̲h̲ak̲h̲īra , iii, apud Ibn Saʿīd, Mug̲h̲rib , ed. S̲h̲. Ḍayf, ii, 409), a seller of milk. It is known that one of his brothers, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, was also a poet, but he gave up this career to devote himself to commerce. Little is known of the life of Ibn al-Labbāna; it probably however resembled that o…

, Yūsuf b. Abī ’l-Ḳāsim b. K̲h̲alaf b. Aḥmad , Abū Baḥr (sometimes called Abū Bakr, though certainly in error), Andalusian poet of the 5th/11th century, panegyrist of al-Muʿtamid b. ʿAbbād [ q.v.], king of Seville. We have little information on his life, and the dates both of his birth and of his death are unknown. He belonged to a distinguished family, devoted to literature, which originated in the kūra of Jaen and was descended from al-Samb b. Mālik b. K̲h̲awlān, one of the first Arab governors ( wālī ) of al-Andalus. Various members of the family, which was …

, Abū Bakr ʿUbāda , Andalusian poet born in the second half of the 4th/10th century and famous chiefly as the author of muwas̲h̲s̲h̲aḥāt. His full name was ʿUbāda b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿUbāda b. Aflaḥ b. al-Ḥusayn b. Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd b. Ḳays b. Saʿd b. ʿUbāda al-Anṣārī, and he was known by the by-name of Ibn Māʾ al-Samāʾ, which some biographers consider to be the name of one of his ancestors. He was a descendant of the famous Companion of the Prophet Saʿd b. ʿUbāda [ q.v.]. Born, according to some sources, in Malaga ( apud al-Maḳḳarī, Azhār al-riyāḍ , ¶ ii, 253-4), or according to others in C…

, Abu ’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. ʿAṭiyyat Allāh b. Muṭarrif b. Salama , Andalusian poet, born at the very end of the 5th/11th century, probably at Valencia, whence his nisba of al-Balansī, although he is sometimes, probably wrongly, given that of al-Mursī (of Murcia). The little that is known of his personal life is in part contradictory; his genealogy varies according to the writer, but the most probable is that given above. It is known that his mother was the sister of the great poet Ibn K̲h̲afād̲j̲a [ q.v.]; the information concerning his father is confused: Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik describes h…

, Abū Bakr Yaḥyā b. Aḥmad (in some sources: Yaḥyā b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān), Andalusian poet born at the end of the 5th/11th century. Although he is considered by Arab biographers and in some modern works to be from Cordova (al-Ḳurṭubī), Ibn al-Abbār, Ibn Saʿīd (whose grandfather knew him personally) and Ibn Bassām refer to him as al-Ṭulayṭulī, and the latter states that the disturbances at Toledo ( fitnat Ṭulayṭula ) forced him to leave this town. At This time, probably about 477/1085, the year during which Alfonso VI conquered the town,…

, al-Ḥusayn b. al-Walīd b. Naṣr , Abu ’l-Ḳāsim , Andalusian man of letters in the 4th/10th century. He was known principally as a grammarian, and was always called al-Naḥwī. He was brought up in Cordova, his native city, under the guidance of Ibn al-Ḳūṭiyya [ q.v.], and in Ifrīḳiya under that of Ibn Ras̲h̲īḳ. He spent several years in Egypt, where he outshone his brother al-Ḥasan, also known by the name of Ibn al-ʿArīf (d. 367/977-8), and, on his return to Spain, the ḥād̲j̲ib al-Manṣūr Ibn Abī ʿĀmir appointed him tutor ( muʾaddib ) to his sons. He always took part in the literary gatherings ( mad̲j̲ā…

, Abū MuḤammad ʿAbd Allāh b. Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Azdī, Andalusian writer and poet of the 8th/14th century, born at Velez-Malaga (Ballis̲h̲). According to Ibn al-Ḵh̲aṭib, he was a provincial man of letters of mediocre talent, feared as a satirist, and distinguished as being the main representative of the ṭarīḳa adabiyya (=ṭarīḳa sāsāniyya [see sāsān ]). Throughout his life he tried to support himself by his pen and his talents, endeavouring to gain the favour of those in power. He travelled to North Africa, but had no more s…

, Abū Isḥāḳ Ibrāhīm b. Abi ’l-Fatḥ al-K̲h̲afād̲j̲ī . famous Andalusian poet, born in 450/1058 at Alcira (D̲j̲azīrat S̲h̲uḳr), in the present province of Valencia, whence his nisbas of al-D̲j̲azīrī and al-S̲h̲uḳrī. Born into a wealthy family which owned property in the district, he did not seek favours nor respond to those who invited him to join their entourage, although he followed the custom of the time in singing the praises of important men, such as the Almoravid prince Abū Isḥāḳ Ibrāhīm b. Tās̲h̲fīn, on the occasion of ʿīd al-fiṭr in the year 510/1117. Nev…