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Saragossa is a city on the river Ebro, in Aragon, in the northeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. It began as a Celtiberian village on which the Carthaginians built a military post called Salduie. In Roman times it was called Caesaraugusta, in honor of the emperor Augustus. The Muslims reduced the name to Saraqusṭa when they took the city in 714. The Christians called it Zaragoza.1. Muslim SaraqusṭaDuring the emirate of Cordova, Saragossa resisted an attack by Charlemagne in 777 and became the most important city of the Upper March (Ar. al-thaghr al-aʿlā) of Muslim Spain. During the…

Members of an Islamic-mystic movement the origins of which date back to the early Islamic period and which became more differentiated thanks to contacts with non-Muslim faith communities. From the very first, a close connection developed between Sufis and Jews with an interest in mysticism. Notwithstanding occasional conflicts, the religious views of both groups were easily translatable, ensuring lively spiritual exchange, especially in Muslim centers with numerous Jewish population such as Baghdad, al-Andalus (Sepharad), Damascus, Salonika, and Mashhad.1. History of Su…

Angehörige einer islamisch-mystischen Bewegung, deren Entstehung in die Frühzeit des Islam zurückreicht und die sich durch Kontakte mit nichtmuslimischen Glaubensgemeinschaften weiter ausdifferenzierte. Von Beginn an entwickelte sich eine enge Verbindung zwischen Sufis und der Mystik zugewandten Juden. Ungeachtet gelegentlicher Konflikte sorgte die Übersetzbarkeit der religiösen Anschauungen beider Gruppen insbesondere in muslimischen Zentren mit hoher jüdischer Präsenz wie…

Tabak: Hamburg, 2.525; Iaşi, 3.109; Pacht, 4.470; Saloniki, 5.307 Tabakindustrie: Bombay, 1.379; Bund, 1.465; New York, 4.360; Scheunenviertel, 5.354 Tableaux vivant: Purimspiel, 5.56 Tafsīr: Tafsīr, 6.1–6; Bibelübersetzung, 1.314; Dhimmah, 2.111; Zion, 6.567 Tagebuch: Breslau, 1.421; Buchenwald, 1.444; Campo di Fiori, 1.479; Hiroshima, 3.60; Historische Kommissionen, 3.75; Jüdisches Historisches Institut, 3.275; Khurbn, 3.341; Klage, 3.365; LTI, 3.566; Museen, 4.275; Oyneg Shabbes, 4.466; Selbsthass, 5.433; Tagebuch, 6.5; Yad Vashem, 6.464 Tagebuch aus Çufut Qa…