Brill’s New Pauly Supplements I - Volume 6 : History of classical Scholarship - A Biographical Dictionary
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Peter Kuhlmann (Göttingen) and Helmuth Schneider (Kassel)
This compendium gives a comprehensive overview of the history of classical studies. Alphabetically arranged, it provides biographies of over 700 scholars from the fourteenth century onwards who have made their mark on the study of Antiquity. These include the lives, careers and works of classical philologists, archaeologists, ancient historians, students of epigraphy, numismatics, papyrology, Egyptology and the Ancient Near East, philosophers, anthropologists, social scientists, art historians, collectors and writers. The biographies put the scholars in their social, political and cultural contexts while focusing on their scholarly achievements and their contributions to modern classical scholarship.
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This compendium gives a comprehensive overview of the history of classical studies. Alphabetically arranged, it provides biographies of over 700 scholars from the fourteenth century onwards who have made their mark on the study of Antiquity. These include the lives, careers and works of classical philologists, archaeologists, ancient historians, students of epigraphy, numismatics, papyrology, Egyptology and the Ancient Near East, philosophers, anthropologists, social scientists, art historians, collectors and writers. The biographies put the scholars in their social, political and cultural contexts while focusing on their scholarly achievements and their contributions to modern classical scholarship.
Subscriptions: See Brill.com
Boccaccio, Giovanni
(1,508 words)
Italian poet and Humanist. Born Florence or Certaldo 1313, died Certaldo 21. 12. 1375. At Naples from 1326, where he studied canon law and wrote first poetry; various positions at Florence, Ravenna and Forlì 1340–1348. First meeting with Petrarch 1350; diplomatic missions for Florence between 1350 and 1365; 1373 lecture on Dante Alighieri’s
Commedia in Florence. Background The illegitimate son of a merchant from Certaldo, B. was initially destined to follow in his father’s footsteps. He moved with him from Florence to Naples in 1326, soon taking up th…
Boeckh, August
(1,318 words)
German classical philologist. Born Karlsruhe 24. 11. 1785, died Berlin 3. 8. 1867. 1792–1803
Gymnasium illustre in Karlsruhe; 1803–1806 studied theology, then classics, at Halle. 1806/07 teacher at Berlin, where he took doctorate in ¶ 1807. 1807–1811 prof. ext. at Heidelberg; 1811–1867 prof. of classical philology at Berlin. Background, work and influence August Böckh, later: Boeckh (from Boeckhius), received a liberal education from his mother after the death of his father, a court secretary and notary; he was their youngest child. At
Gymnasium in Karlsruhe, he showed an aff…
Boeckler, Johann Heinrich
(711 words)
Johannes Boeclerus; German polyhistorian. Born 13. 12. 1611 in Cronheim (Middle Franconia), died 12. 9. 1672 in Strasbourg.
Gymnasium at Heilbronn; studied at Altdorf, then especially at Strasbourg, where he taught at the
Gymnasium. From 1637 prof. of rhetoric; 1640 prof. of history (succeeding his teacher Matthias Bernegger), also Strasbourg. 1649 (after end of Thirty Years’ War), appointed first to Univ. of Uppsala by Queen Christina, then Stockholm 1650 as court historian (result of appointment: [13]). Despite honorarium fro…
Boissard, Jean-Jacques
(845 words)
French antiquarian, poet and publisher. Born 1528 in Besançon, died 30. 10. 1602 in Metz. Lived and studied at Strasbourg, Heidelberg, Cologne, Leuven, Danzig, Frankfurt an der Oder, Wittenberg, Leipzig und lastly (1551–1555) Ingolstadt. Converted to Protestantism. Many visits to Italy from late 1555; lived at Rome. 1558/59 at Rome in service of Cardinal Carlo Carafa; returned to Besançon 1559, where he was a private tutor. At Metz from 1560, where he taught the children of Baron de Clervant. From 1583 he published Neo-Latin poetry, emblemata and antiquarian studies. Background B.’s …
Bolkestein, Hendrik
(424 words)
Dutch ancient historian. Born 18. 12. 1877 in Amsterdam, died 24. 7. 1942 in Utrecht. After attending school at Amsterdam, studied classical philology and ancient history at Univ. of Amsterdam. Doctorate there 1906 [1], then residence at Univ. of Berlin, studied with Eduard Meyer. 1907 taught history at school in The Hague. Lecturer at Univ. of Amsterdam 1911; taught at Univ. of Utrecht from 1915, also prof. ord. of ancient history there and successful supervisor of many doctoral candidates (1917–1942); rector at Utrecht 1935; collaborated on the
Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenes (TvG) …
Bolland, Jean
(430 words)
Bollandus, Johannes; Flemish hagiographer. Born 13. 8. 1596 in Julémont, died 13. 9. 1665 in Antwerp. Entered the
Societas Jesu in 1612 at Mechelen; six years’ teaching humanities at various Jesuit schools. Commissioned by the Society to publish the Greek and Latin saints’ lives in 1630. Work and influence B.’s life’s work was devoted to the veneration of the saints, which had become controversial in the course of the Reformation. There was a need to demonstrate that the cult of the saints was based on reliable documents and supported by a tra…
Bongars, Jacques
(1,230 words)
Bongarsius, Jacobus; French historian and diplomat. Born 1554 at Orléans, died 29. 7. 1612 at Paris. School in Orléans, then 1564–1571 at Heidelberg, Marburg, Strasbourg. Studied law from 1576 at Bourges; 1585–1610 in diplomatic service of Henri de Navarre (from 1589 King Henri IV of France) in Germany. Background The Huguenot B. was born into the French rural aristocracy. After attending Latin school at Orléans, he continued his education from 1564 to 1571 at various Latin schools and academic
Gymnasien in Germany (one period at Jena is uncertain) [15. 108]. After the end…
Bonsor Saint-Martin, George Edward
(452 words)
Anglo-Spanish archaeologist and painter. Born 30. 3. 1855 in Lille, died 15. 8. 1930 in Mairena del Alcor (near Seville). Studied art at the Academies of Paris, London and Brussels. Lived in Spain from 1880. Excavated at several, mostly early historical sites (Tartessus, Carthaginian and Phoenician colonies in Spain) and Roman find sites in Andalusia. Background, work and influence B. came to Spain in 1880/81, and began excavating the necropolis of Carmona (until 1888). He founded the museum with the finds. Over subsequent years, he worked in the field …
Bopp, Franz
(529 words)
German linguist and Indo-European specialist. Born Mainz 14. 9. 1791, died Berlin 23. 10. 1867. School at Aschaffenburg, studied (history, philosophy) there 1809–1812, 1812–1818 in Paris (Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit), 1818–1820 in London (Sanskrit); 1820 honorary doctorate Univ. Göttingen. 1821 prof. ext. of Oriental literature and general linguistics at Univ. of Berlin, 1822 member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, 1825–1864 prof. ord. at Univ. of Berlin. Background, work and influence B. was the son of a courtier of the Elector of Mainz. At the urging of his te…
Borchardt, Ludwig
(512 words)
German archaeologist and Egyptologist. Born Berlin 5.10. 1863, died Paris 12. 8. 1938. Studied structural engineering at the
Technische Hochschule Berlin-Charlottenburg 1883–1887; 1888 Royal Government Architect (
Königlicher Regierungs-Bauführer); 1892 Royal Government Architect-in-chief (
Königlicher Regierungs-Baumeister). Simultaneous studies of Egyptology with at Cairo; 1899–1906 scientific attaché at the German Consulate in Cairo; 1906/07 scientific consultant there. 1907–1929 Director of the Imperial German Institute for E…
Borghesi, Bartolomeo
(612 words)
Italian epigraphist. Born Savignano di Romagna 11. 7. 1781, died San Marino 16. 4. 1860. After being tutored in Roman antiquities by his father from 1794 to 1800, further studied at
Collegio dei nobili at Ravenna and
Collegio S. Luigi di Bologna. 1800–1821 public official in Savignano di Romagna. Travels and stays at Rome to study epigraphy. 1821 fled Savignano for the Republic of San Marino, to escape the restoration implemented by the Papal regime. Scholarly and political work in San Marino from 1821 until his death. Background, work and influence During his time as a civil servant,…
Bosch, Clemens
(498 words)
German ancient historian, epigraphist and numismatist. Born Cologne, 6. 10. 1899, died Istanbul 23. 6. 1955. Attended the
Neues Gymnasium at Darmstadt; military service 14. 6. 1917 to 6. 1. 1919. School-leaving certificate 1920. Studied philosophy, ancient history etc. at Berlin and Heidelberg, where he took a doctorate in 1925 with Alfred von Domaszewski on the two main sources of Valerius Maximus. 1930 appointed senior assistant at Univ. of Halle. Habil. in 1932 on Imperial provincial coins of Bithynia. 1934 awa…
Bosch Gimpera, Pedro (Pere)
(569 words)
Spanish-Mexican prehistorian and archaeologist. Born Barcelona 22. 3. 1892, died Mexico City 9. 10. 1974. Graduated in philosophy, literature and law from the Univ. of Barcelona in 1910. Studied Greek philology (with Wilamowitz-Moellendorff et al.), classical archaeology, history and prehistory 1911/12 and 1913/14 at Berlin. 1916–1933 prof. ord. of ancient and medieval history, then 1933–1939 prehistory, at Univ. of Barcelona; also rector there 1933–1939. 1937–1939 Catalan minister of justice. Exile in Mexico from 1939, teaching posts from 1942 at
Colegio de México, the
Instit…
Bosio, Antonio
(876 words)
Italian researcher of catacombs and Christian archaeologist. Born 1575 or 1576 on Malta [3], son of Giovanni Ottone B., died Rome 6. 9. 1629. As a youth, he was sent to Rome to his uncle, Giacomo B., the historian of the Knights Hospitalier. Studied literature, philosophy and law at
Collegio Romano; laurea 31. 1. 1594. Thereafter lawyer to the Knights Hospitalier. ¶ Studied the Roman catacombs from 1593 [4. individual data 138–155]. Work and influence B. was a member of the Congregation of the Oratory, a priestly community founded in 1552 by Philip Neri, which met in t…
Botta, Paul-Émile
(545 words)
French diplomat, archaeologist and doctor. Forenames also: Paolo Emilio. Born Turin 6. 12. 1802 (Italy), died Achères (France) 29. 3. 1870. ¶ World tour 1826–1829 [4]; [6]. 1825 doctorate of medicine, Turin; 1830 departure for Cairo, where he was court physician to the Egyptian Khedive Mehmed Ali. Journeyed through Palestine. 1832 expedition to Nubia. In the French diplomatic service from 1833. 1833 consul-general at Alexandria; 1835–1836 research trip to Yemen. 1841 consul at Mosul. 1842 test digs on Tell Kuyunjik (…
Böttiger, Karl August
(813 words)
German archaeologist and philologist. Born Reichenbach 8. 6. 1760, died Dresden 17. 11. 1835. School at Elsterberg, from 1772 at Schulpforta. 1778–1781 studied theology and philology at Leipzig. Tutor at Dresden from 1781. Master’s degree at Wittenberg 1784. Rector at Guben from August 1784, then at Budissin from September 1790. Rector at Weimar from 1791. Director of Studies for the Electoral Silver Page at Dresden from 1804. From 1814 Director of Studies at the
Ritterakademie, where he was also director of the antiquities collection from 1814 to 1834. Background and work B. studied …
Bowra, Cecil Maurice
(461 words)
British classical philologist. Born 8. 4. 1898 in Jiujiang (China); died Oxford 4. 7. 1971. From 1919, studied
Literae Humaniores at Oxford; from 1922 Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford; 1946–1951 prof. of poetry at Oxford. Guest professorships Harvard 1936/37 and 1948/49. Knighted 1951 (Sir Maurice Bowra). President of the British Academy 1958–1962. Work and influence B. was born in Jiujiang, where his father worked for the Chinese customs authority. He went to school in England from 1910 (Cheltenham College). After war service (1917/18), he studied …
Bracci, Domenico Augusto
(859 words)
Italian antiquarian and gemmologist. Born Florence 1717, died there 30. 3. 1795. Studied at Florence. In Rome from 1747/49 as antiquarian, gemmologist, and
cicerone. Lost work materials in 1756; returned to Florence 1769. Background B.’s particular interest dating back to his studies at Florence lay in draughtsmanship, architecture and especially antiquity. He took a number of official posts in Florence after his studies there. Even at this early stage, he was already in contact with the gemmologist Baron Philipp von Stosch. B. …
Braun, Emil
(522 words)
German classical archaeologist. Born Gotha 19. 4. 1809, died Rome 11. 9. 1856. 1829 studied at Göttingen, from 1830 at Munich. 1832 doctorate in Leipzig; then a period at Dresden. Amanuensis of Eduard Gerhard at
Königliches Museum zu Berlin from spring 1833. From autumn 1833, worked at
Instituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica in Rome, in various positions, 1840–1856 as Director-Secretary or First Secretary. Background, work and influence B. enjoyed a broad academic education. His main interests were in art history and philosophy, ¶ and were fed by teachers like Karl Otfried M…
Brendel, Otto Johannes
(507 words)
German-American classical archaeologist. Born Erlangen 10. 10. 1901, died New York 8. 10. 1973. Studied classical archaeology, ancient history and Latin at Heidelberg 1920–1928, doctorate there 1928. 1931 habil. at Erlangen. 1932–1935, First Assistant at DAI in Rome. 1936 emigrated to UK, 1939 to USA. 1936–1938 Research Fellow at Durham, Newcastle upon Tyne and London. 1939–1941, teaching at St. Louis. 1941–1956 assistant prof. then prof. at Univ. of Indiana, Bloomington. 1949–1951 research trip…