Brill’s New Pauly Supplements I - Volume 6 : History of classical Scholarship - A Biographical Dictionary
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Peter Kuhlmann (Göttingen) and Helmuth Schneider (Kassel)
This compendium gives a comprehensive overview of the history of classical studies. Alphabetically arranged, it provides biographies of over 700 scholars from the fourteenth century onwards who have made their mark on the study of Antiquity. These include the lives, careers and works of classical philologists, archaeologists, ancient historians, students of epigraphy, numismatics, papyrology, Egyptology and the Ancient Near East, philosophers, anthropologists, social scientists, art historians, collectors and writers. The biographies put the scholars in their social, political and cultural contexts while focusing on their scholarly achievements and their contributions to modern classical scholarship.
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This compendium gives a comprehensive overview of the history of classical studies. Alphabetically arranged, it provides biographies of over 700 scholars from the fourteenth century onwards who have made their mark on the study of Antiquity. These include the lives, careers and works of classical philologists, archaeologists, ancient historians, students of epigraphy, numismatics, papyrology, Egyptology and the Ancient Near East, philosophers, anthropologists, social scientists, art historians, collectors and writers. The biographies put the scholars in their social, political and cultural contexts while focusing on their scholarly achievements and their contributions to modern classical scholarship.
Subscriptions: See Brill.com
Chacón, Alfonso
(443 words)
Alphonsus Ciacconus, also Alonso Ciaconius; Spanish Dominican friar, antiquarian and church historian. Born 1530 or 1540 in Baeza (Andalusia), died Rome 1599. Studied at Baeza from 1544, then at Jaén and Seville. Doctorate in theology 1566. Called to Rome by Pope Pius V from 1567, worked there as Penitentiary of St. Peter. Details of his biography are unclear [6]; [3]. Work and influence C.’s antiquarian work ranged from ecclesiastical history, especially lives of the Popes and Cardinals, to classical studies in general. His starting-point was the iconograp…
Champollion, Jean-François
(742 words)
Called Champollion le Jeune; French Egyptologist. Born 23. 12. 1790 in Figeac (
département Lot), died Paris 4. 3. 1832. 1804–1807
Lycée in Grenoble; 1807–1809 studied languages in Paris. 1809
Professeur adjoint d’histoire ancienne in ¶ Grenoble; 1826 conservator at the Louvre. 1828/29 expedition to Egypt with Ippolito Rosellini; 1831 chair of archaeology created for C. at
Collège de France, Paris. Background C. largely owed his career to his brother Jacques-Joseph C.-Figeac, twelve years his senior, who brought him to Grenoble in 1801. There, among other …
Chandler, Richard
(766 words)
British Antiquarian, traveller and theologian. Born 1738 in Elson (Hampshire), died 9. 2. 1810 in Tilehurst (Berkshire). Studied Queen’s College, Oxford. 1764–1766 travelled to Asia Minor and Greece. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. 1785 marriage and four-year tour of France, Switzerland and Italy. Scholarly background C. attended Winchester School (Hampshire), then studied at Queen’s College and Magdalen College, Oxford. Renowned for his 1763 work ¶ on the Arundel Marbles [2], he was introduced at the Society of Dilettanti by Robert Wood. The society sent…
Chantraine, Heinrich
(439 words)
German ancient historian and numismatist. Born 10. 2. 1929 in Betzdorf/Sieg, died 9. 12. 2002 in Mossautal. 1948–1954 studied classical philology and history at Mainz; 1955 doctorate and 1965 habil, also Mainz. From 1965 prof. ord. of ancient history at Univ. of Mannheim; Rector there 1985–1988. Background and work The son of a doctor, C. found his way to classical studies as a student. His chief influence at Mainz was the ancient historian Hans-Ulrich Instinsky. His doctorate [1] examined chronological and legal issues of the agrarian commiss…
Chastagnol, André
(628 words)
French ancient historian. Born Paris 21. 2. 1920, died there 2. 9. 1996. 1939–1941 studied history at the Sorbonne in Paris; 1946
agrégation for teaching post; schoolteacher in Châteauroux 1946–1950 and Versailles 1950–1956. 1956/57, assistant at
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS); visiting lecturer in ancient ¶ history at Univ. of Algiers 1957–1960 and Rennes 1960. 1960 doctorate at Sorbonne. Prof. of Roman history at Univ. of Rennes 1960–1965, Paris- Ouest, Nanterre 1965–1969 and Paris, Sorbonne 1969–1986. Background, work and influence C., who came from a …
Christ, Johann Friedrich
(1,606 words)
German philologist, historian and art historian. Born Coburg 26.(?). 4. 1701, died Leipzig 3. 9. 1756. 1720–1723 studied philosophy and law at Univ. of Jena; 1723–1725
Hofmeister there. 1725 Cabinet Secretary of Saxe-Meiningen; 1726
Hofmeister at Univ. of Halle a. d. S.; 1728
Magister, 1731 habil. and prof. ext. of history at Univ. of Leipzig. 1733–1735 tour of Europe. From 1739 prof. ord. of poetry at Leipzig. Scholarly background C. was born into a wealthy family of civil servants, the son of a Coburg Consistorial Councillor, and he enjoyed an all-round educati…
Christ, Karl
(425 words)
German ancient historian. Born Ulm 6. 4. 1923, died Marburg 28. 3. 2008. 1948–1954, after war service and captivity, studied history and classics at Zurich and Tübingen, especially with Ernst Meyer and Joseph Vogt; doctorate 1953 in Tübingen on Drusus the Elder. Worked at
Kommission für Alte Geschichte in Munich; from 1958 assistant to Fritz Taeger at Univ. of Marburg; 1959 habil. there. [3]. 1959 priv.-doz., 1965–1988 prof. ord. of ancient history there. Work and influence At first, C. focused on the conflicts between the Romans and the Germans [2] and on numismatics […
Chronological list of articles
(4,552 words)
Abbreviations for the chronological list Countries (mostly present-day equivalents) A Austria AUS Australia B Belgium BALT Baltic states BG Bulgaria CAN Canada CH Switzerland CZ Czech Republic D Germany DK Denmark F France FL Flanders GB Great Britain GR Greece HU Hungary I Italy IR Ireland ISR Israel MEX Mexico NL Netherlands NZ New Zealand POL Poland RU Russia S Sweden SP Spain TR Turkey US United States of America Each entry gives: • dates of birth and death • name • nationality abbreviation (I; GR; D; NL), mostly according to present-day equivalent • on…
Chrysolaras, Manuel
(835 words)
Also Chrysoloras. Greek philologist and diplomat. Born
c. 1350 in Constantinople, died Konstanz 1415, buried at the Dominican monastery there. Journeyed to Venice in 1390/91, then to Florence and Lombardy 1396–1403. 1397–1399 taught at Florence
Studio. 1391–1396 and 1403–1407 active at Constantinople. 1407–1410 embassies to Venice, Genoa, Paris, London, Salisbury and Spain. 1410–1413 stay at the Curia of John XXIII. 1413/14 more travelling, e.g. to Florence and Thasos or Thessaloniki; 1415 took part in Council of Konstanz. Background, teaching and collecting activities C. pro…
Ciampini, Giovanni Giustino
(679 words)
Italian historian and archaeologist. Born Rome 13. 4. 1633, died there 12. 7. 1698, buried in the church of S. Lorenzo in Damaso. Studied law at the Univ. of Rome; 1667
laureato in utroque iure at the Univ. of Macerata; then changed to archaeological disciplines. Worked at Apostolic Chancellery as
magister brevium gratiae. 1671 founded Academy of Ecclesiastical History at Rome and in 1679 an Academy of Sciences under the patronage of Queen Christina of Sweden. Member from 1691 of the
Accademia dell’Arcadia. Work and influence Unlike other 16th-cent. scholars whose fields of exper…
Ciccotti, Ettore
(463 words)
Italian ancient historian. Born Potenza 24. 3. 1863, died Rome 20. 5. 1939. School at Potenza, graduating 1879; studied at Naples, graduating in law 1883. From 1891, prof. of ancient history at
Accademia Scientifico-letteraria in Milan. Politically active in the Socialist Party; therefore banned from teaching in 1897. From 1901, prof. ord. in ancient history at Messina. Member of the
Camera dei deputati from 1900, senator from 1924. 1926 appointed to the chair of Latin literature at the
Istituto superiore di Magistero in Rome until his retirement 1933. Work and influence C. was one of…
Clarac, Charles Othon Frédéric Jean Baptiste, Comte de
(786 words)
French draughtsman and archaeologist. Born Paris 23. 6. 1777, the son of a high-ranking officer, died there 20. 1. 1847. Following the French Revolution, lived in Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Spain and Russia. 1808–1813 at Naples, tutor to the children of Queen Consort Caroline Bonaparte. 1813 excavations at Pompeii; returned to France September 1813. 1814 in retinue of Louis XVIII. 1816/17 took part in an embassy to Brazil, drawing landscapes. 1818 appointed
Conservateur des antiques du Musée royal at the behest of Louis XVIII, succeeding Ennio Quirino Visconti. 1833 j…
Classical studies from Petrarch to the 20th century
(25,580 words)
A. History of scholarship and classical studies – the concept of the volume Over recent decades, the history of scholarship has manifestly gained in importance as a discipline alongside the history of philosophy, the history of literature and the history of art. The remit of research in the history of scholarship has not been restricted to describing past advances in knowledge within the various fields, but has also included more generally the analysis of research processes. Scholars have sought to establish…
Cleynaerts, Nicolaes
(566 words)
Nicolaus/Nicolas Clenard(us); Belgian Humanist, theologian, grammarian and Orientalist. Born Diest 5.(?) 12. 1495, died Granada 5. 11. 1542. Studied theology and ancient languages at Leuven. Named president of the
Collegium Scholasticum (or
Kolleg van Houterlee) there in 1521. Took holy orders, probably around this time, and taught Greek and Hebrew at Leuven Univ. in the 1520s. 1531, librarian to Hernando Colón (son of Columbus) at Seville. 1533 prof. of Greek and Latin at Salamanca. Shortly afterwards King João III of Portugal …