Brill’s New Pauly Supplements I - Volume 6 : History of classical Scholarship - A Biographical Dictionary
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Peter Kuhlmann (Göttingen) and Helmuth Schneider (Kassel)
This compendium gives a comprehensive overview of the history of classical studies. Alphabetically arranged, it provides biographies of over 700 scholars from the fourteenth century onwards who have made their mark on the study of Antiquity. These include the lives, careers and works of classical philologists, archaeologists, ancient historians, students of epigraphy, numismatics, papyrology, Egyptology and the Ancient Near East, philosophers, anthropologists, social scientists, art historians, collectors and writers. The biographies put the scholars in their social, political and cultural contexts while focusing on their scholarly achievements and their contributions to modern classical scholarship.
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This compendium gives a comprehensive overview of the history of classical studies. Alphabetically arranged, it provides biographies of over 700 scholars from the fourteenth century onwards who have made their mark on the study of Antiquity. These include the lives, careers and works of classical philologists, archaeologists, ancient historians, students of epigraphy, numismatics, papyrology, Egyptology and the Ancient Near East, philosophers, anthropologists, social scientists, art historians, collectors and writers. The biographies put the scholars in their social, political and cultural contexts while focusing on their scholarly achievements and their contributions to modern classical scholarship.
Subscriptions: See Brill.com
Cobet, Carel Gabriel
(390 words)
Dutch classical philologist. Born Paris 28. 11. 1813, died Leiden 28. 10. 1889. Studied at Leiden from 1832, doctorate there 1840. Tour of Italy to 1845. From 1848 prof. ord. in Leiden. From 1856 co-editor of
Mnemosyne. Background, work and influence C. studied theology at first, then classical philology [7]. At just 23, he acquired distinction ¶ as author of a work on the characters in the writings of Xenophon (
Prosopographia Xenophontea). He took his doctorate with the highest honours in 1840 with a thesis on the Greek comic poet Plato [1]. After travelling to vi…
Cohen, Henry
(369 words)
French numismatist, bibliophile and composer. Born Amsterdam 21. 4. 1806, died Bry-sur-Marne 17. 5. 1880. School at Paris, musical education at the
École royale de chant; 1832–1834 and 1838–1839 stays at Naples. 1859 candidate (
surnuméraire) at the
Cabinet des médailles der ¶
Bibliothèque nationale, 1862 employed there, 1875 librarian there. Work and influence From 1843, after his musical studies, C. published writings on musicology and compositions. Inspired by its collection of Roman Republican coins, he turned to numismatics in 1851 and made regular visits to the
Cabinet des M…
Cola di Rienzo
(768 words)
Also C. di Rienzi; Italian Humanist and politician. Born Nicola di Lorenzo
c. 1313 in Anagni (Latium), died 8. 10. 1354 at Rome. Studied law at Rome from
c. 1333; worked as a notary. 1343, member of a Roman delegation ¶ to Pope Clement VI. 1344 named notary to the city chamber by the Pope. Led a popular insurrection at Rome in 1347, proclaimed Tribune by the people. December 1347, excommunicated. Fled Rome. 1350 in Prague with Emperor Karl IV; 1352 extradited to Avignon; 1354 returned to Rome as senator at the behest of Pope Innocent VI. Life C. was born in modest circumstances. After his mo…
Collignon, Maxime
(451 words)
French classical archaeologist. Born Léon-Maxime C. at Verdun 9. 11. 1849, died Paris 15. 10. 1917.
Baccalauréat in Paris followed in 1868 by entry into the
École normale supérieure (ENS); 1872
agrégation (state examination), 1878 doctorate; 1873–1876 member of the
École française d’Athènes (EFA); 1876 lecturer in Greek and Latin antiquities at Univ. of Bordeaux, prof. from 1879. 1883–1892 deputy prof. (to Georges Perrot), 1892–1900 prof. sup.; 1900–1917 prof. ord. in archaeology at the Sorbonne. Work and influence At the ENS, C. studied with the two Hellenists Georges Pe…
Conring, Hermann
(977 words)
German polyhistorian and especially legal scholar. Born Norden (East Friesland) 9. 11. 1606, died Helmstedt 12. 12. 1681. From 1620, studied ¶ philosophy, philology, history, theology and medicine at Helmstedt and, from 1625, at Leiden. 1632 prof. of natural philosophy at Helmstedt, 1636 doctorate of medicine and philosophy, 1637 prof. ord. in medicine there, also in politics from 1650; dean and rector on several occasions. Background C. came from a large Lutheran clerical family that had emigrated to East Friesland to avoid religious persecution. From an earl…
Contributors
(2,624 words)
Irène
Aghion (Paris): Pellerin, Joseph Hartwig
Altenmüller (Hamburg): Helck, Wolfgang Béatrice
André-Salvini (Paris): Parrot, André Ernst
Baltrusch (Berlin): Altheim, Franz; Bickermann, Elias Joseph; Bleicken, Jochen; Curtius, Ernst; Gelzer, Matthias; Heuss, Alfred; Kahrstedt, Ulrich; Kornemann, Ernst; Kunkel, Wolfgang; Smith, Morton; Weber, Wilhelm; Wieacker, Franz Hansgeorg
Bankel (Munich): Haller von Hallerstein, Carl Marcello
Barbanera (Rome): Anti, Carlo; Bianchi Bandinelli, Ranuccio; Della Seta, Alessandro; Löwy, Emanuel; Quatremère de Qui…
Conze, Alexander
(813 words)
German archaeologist. Born Hannover 10. 12. 1831, died Berlin 19. 7. 1914. Studied at Göttingen and Berlin; doctorate 1855 in Berlin. 1857–1860 journeys to Paris, London, Italy and Greece. Habil. 1861 in Göttingen. From 1863 prof. ext. at Halle; from 1869 prof. ord. in classical archaeology at Vienna. From 1877 head of the sculpture collection at the
Königliche Museen zu Berlin; 1887–1905 secretary-general of the DAI in Berlin. Scholarly background C. was schooled at the Lyceum in the city of his birth under Georg Friedrich Grotefend and Heinrich Ahrens. Initially…
Cornford, Francis Macdonald
(547 words)
British classical philologist and historian of philosophy. Born Eastbourne 27. 2. 1874, died 3. 1. 1943 in Cambridge. 1894–1897 studied classical philology and ancient philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge; 1899 doctorate and Fellow of Trinity; from 1902 assistant lecturer; lecturer from 1904; Laurence Prof. of Ancient Philosophy there from 1931. Work and influence In his first major book [1], C. showed Thucydides’ dependence on a traditional historical idea, especially that of tragic fate. The work was dedicated to Jane Ellen Harrison, of whos…
Courcelle, Pierre
(396 words)
French philologist and ancient historian. Born 16. 3. 1912 in Orléans, died Paris 25. 7. 1980. 1930 entered the Paris
École normale supérieure and
École des chartes; 1934
agrégation in classical philology and French; also graduated as archivist and palaeographer. 1934–1936 member of the
École française de Rome. 1936/37 army service. 1937–1939 lecturer at
Institut français de Naples. 1939/40 war service (
Croix de guerre). 1941 prof. (
Maître de conférences) of Latin philology at the Univ. of Bordeaux; 1943 habil. From 1944 prof. of Latin philology at the Sorbonne (Paris) and
Directeur …
Creuzer, Georg Friedrich
(1,485 words)
German classical philologist and religious scholar. Born Marburg 10. 3. 1771, died Heidelberg 16. 2. 1858. 1789–1790 studied Protestant theology, philosophy and philology at Marburg and Jena. Private teacher at Marburg from 1791. Study trip to Leipzig 1798. 1799 habil. at Univ. of Marburg. 1800 prof. ext., 1802 prof. ord. there; 1804–1845 prof. of classical philology and ancient history at Heidelberg (with one interruption for a three-month visit to Leiden 1809). Background C., the son of a bookbinder, began studying theology, but under the influence of Friedrich Ca…
Croiset, Alfred
(455 words)
French classical philologist. Born Marie-Joseph-Alfred C. in Paris, 5. 1. 1845, died there 14. 6. 1923. 1864
Baccalauréat at the
Lycée Louis-le-Grand, where his father Paul C. taught languages. 1864–1867 studied classical philology at
École normale supérieure in Paris. 1867–1877 – except during army service in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 and his doctorate at the Sorbonne in 1873 – teacher at various renowned
lycées. Lecturer at the Sorbonne from 1877; from 1885 prof. of Greek rhetoric there. Dean of the
Faculté des Lettres 1898–1919, 1919 dean
honoris causa; retired 1921. Work and…
Crum, Walter Ewing
(391 words)
British Coptic scholar and Egyptologist. Born 22. 7. 1865 in Glasgow, died Bath 18. 5. 1944. School at Eton, studied at Balliol College, Oxford. Studied Egyptology at Paris and Berlin from 1888. 1931 Fellow of the British Academy; 1937 honorary doctorate (Hon. D. Litt.) from Oxford. Honorary doctorate from Berlin (before the outbreak of World War II). C. lived on a private income as a independent scholar in Oxford. Work and influence After studying in Paris with Gaston Maspero, C. went to study with Adolf Erman in Berlin, forging a lifelong friendship with him. He t…
Crusius, Martinus
(724 words)
Martin Krause; German philologist and prof. of rhetoric, born Walkersbrunn (Upper Franconia) 19. 9. 1526, died Tübingen 14. 2. 1607. 1540–1545 attended Latin School at Ulm. 1545–1554 pupil, then teacher at Johannes ¶ Sturm’s
Gymnasium in Strasbourg. Rector of the Latin School of Memmingen from 1554. From 1559 to his death, prof. of Greek, Latin and for a time rhetoric at Univ. of Tübingen. Work and influence C., son of a Protestant cleric, called himself a ‘Philhellene’, thereby expressing his love for the Greek language and culture. His substantial library, wh…
Cujas, Jacques
(487 words)
Jacobus Cuiacius/Cuyacio, Jacobo; French legal historian and Humanist jurist. Born Toulouse 1522, died Bourges 4. 10. 1590. Studied jurisprudence at Toulouse; 1554 unsuccessful application for a professorship there, departure as prof. for Cahors; 1555 chair at Bourges. Background, work and influence C. repeatedly returned to his professorship at Bourges after long absences while he held teaching posts at Valence and Turin. He refused an offer at Toulouse because of an insult he had ¶ suffered there, but he also turned down an invitation to Bologna from the Pope in 158…
Cumont, Franz
(1,031 words)
Belgian classical archaeologist, classical philologist and historian of religion. Born Franz Valéry Marie C. at Aalst (Belgium) 3. 1. 1868, died 20. 8. 1947 at Sint- Pieters Woluwe/Brussels. 1884–1887 studied classics at Ghent, taking his doctorate there in classical philology in 1887, then a further doctorate in law 1887/88. 1888–1892 further studies in Bonn, Berlin, Vienna and Paris. Lecturer at Univ. of Ghent from 1892; prof. ord. there from 1896. From 1899, curator of the
Koninklijke Musea voor Kunst en Geschiedenis (
Oudheid) in Brussels. Resigned in 1910 after disputes …
Curtius, Ernst
(704 words)
German archaeological, classical philologist and ancient historian. Born Lübeck 2. 9. 1814, died Berlin 11. 7. 1896. 1833 studies at Bonn with Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker and Christian August Brandis, 1834 at Göttingen with Karl Otfried Müller, 1835 in Berlin with August Boeckh; 1841 doctorate with Moritz Hermann Meier in Halle; 1843 habil. in Berlin. 1844 prof. ext. in Berlin and tutor to the future Emperor Friedrich III; 1855–1867 prof. of classical philology at Göttingen; 1868 prof. of archaeology at Berlin and curator of the
Altes Museum, also of the
Antiquarium from 1872; 1881/8…
Curtius, Ernst Robert
(1,357 words)
German Romance scholar and comparatavist. Born 14. 4. 1886 at Thann (Alsace), died Rome 19. 4. 1956. 1903
Abitur at
Protestantisches Gymnasium in Strasbourg; 1903–1912 studied modern philology and philosophy at Strasbourg, Berlin and Heidelberg; 1910 doctorate at Strasbourg; 1913 habil. at Bonn. Prof. ext. at Marburg from 1920; prof. ord. in Romance philology at Heidelberg from 1924; 1929–1951 prof. ord. in Romance philology at Bonn. Scholarly background C., grandson of the excavator of Olympia Ernst Curtius and great-nephew of the philologist Georg Curtius, stu…
Curtius, Georg
(475 words)
German classical philologist. Born Lübeck 16. 4. 1820, died 12. 8. 1885 in Hermsdorf (Warmbrunn). Brother of the archaeologist Ernst Curtius. Attended
Katharineum in Lübeck until 1837; studied classical philology and Indo-European linguistics at Bonn from 1838 and Berlin from 1840. 1842 doctorate from Berlin; 1846 habil. there. Prof. ext. from 1849 and prof. ord. from 1851 at Prague; From 1854 prof. ord. in Kiel; 1862–1885 prof. ord. in Leipzig. From 1863, member of the
Königlich-Sächsische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften at Leipzig. From 1869, corresponding member of the…
Curtius, Ludwig
(557 words)
German classical archaeologist. Born 13. 12. 1874 in Augsburg, died Rome 10. 4. 1954. 1894–1897 studied law and economics at Munich and Berlin. From 1897, studied classical archaeology at Munich and Rome. 1902 doctorate at Munich, 1907 habil. there. 1908 curator of the museum of antiquities at Munich. 1908 prof. ext., 1913 prof. ord. at Erlangen. Served in World War I as a volunteer and officer. 1918 prof. ord. at Freiburg; 1920–1927 prof. ord. at Heidelberg; 1928–1937 first director of the DAI at Rome; 1937 compulsory retirement. Lived the rest of his life at Rome. 1952 Order
Pour le mérite.…
Cusanus, Nicolaus
(1,162 words)
Nicholas of Kues, Nicolaus Treverensis, Nicolaus de Cusa; German Humanist and cardinal. Born Kues an der Mosel 22. 10. 1401, died Todi (Umbria) 11. 8. 1464. 1416 studied
artes at Heidelberg; from 1417/18, studied ecclesiastical law at Padua, 1423 doctorate as
Doctor decretorum. Returned to Germany by 1425 (Kues, Cologne). 1431–1436 took part in Council of Basel; travels to libraries; 1437 at Byzantium on behalf of the Pope. Holy orders (not earlier than) 1436. Cardinal December 1448. Prince-Bishop of Brixen from 1450. Return to Rome 1459 an appointment as curial cardinal. Background C.…