Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Canon
(2,022 words)
[1] [German version] I. General points The Greek word canon (κανών,
kanṓn) was probably derived from κάννα (
kánna: ‘bulrush reed or rod’), a Semitic loan word in the Greek language. The original meaning of ‘straight reed, stick, rod (in different uses)’ developed into several more specific and technical meanings. As a result, the Greek word canon designates a carpenter's or bricklayer's measuring stick or square, a chronological or astrological table, a monochord in music terminology (from Euclides [3]) etc. In …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Canon
(1,976 words)
[English version] Until the dawn of the modern era, the term was unusual in the sense in which it is now used by literary scholars; namely, to mean ‘standard’, ‘rule’, or ‘model’ (first used by D. Ruhnken in 1768 to mean a literary corpus), although the contrasting sense of the ‘inspired’ canon of the Bible, or religious law and ‘apocryphal’ writings, was available to suggest an analogy that could be applied to secular items. Concentration and extent of transmission are indicators of canonicity. As early as the manuscript tradition of, for example, the Greek tragedian…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Canonists
(2,147 words)
[English version] Experts in Church law, and thus of canon(ical) law, were termed ‘canonists’, from the Greek
kanṓn = ‘rule’, in particular, religious rule. The term canonist came into use in the 12th cent., to distinguish them from ‘civilists’, experts in the Roman
Corpus iuris civilis, who appeared from that time on in Church courts in competition with canonists. The word ‘
canon’ was applied in medieval Latin mainly to excerpts from juridical texts of authoritative writings.
Canones were taken from the Bible, conciliar decisions, the writings of the early Church Fath…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Canope
(133 words)
[German version] Name of the (mostly stone) jugs in which the Egyptians interred entrails, often stored in their own boxes. They came under the protection of four gods (‘Sons of Horus’) and four goddesses ( Isis, Nephthys, Neith, Selcis) and often are inscribed with sayings that correlate the parts of the corpse with the corresponding divinities. From the 1st interim period (2190-1990 BC) the lid of the Canope was mostly shaped like the head of a human, from the 19th dynasty also as heads of th…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Canopus
(234 words)
[German version] Town at the mouth of the then westernmost branch of the Nile, Egyptian
P(r)-gwtj, near what is now Abū Qīr west of Alexandria; as a seaport C. was the gate of Egypt (road to Naucratis) from the 8th cent. BC onwards, until Alexandria, to which C. was linked via a canal, took on this role. C. was an important religious centre with Sarapis as its principal god (famous temple as the place of healing sleep and of oracles [1; 2]). Isis and Harpocrates were worshipped here. An Ibis cemetery from t…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Canosa Vases
(129 words)
[German version] Type of Apulian vases, between
c. 350 and 300 BC, probably made exclusively for use in graves. Their distinguishing feature is their decoration in a variety of water-soluble pigments (blue, red/pink, yellow, pale purple, brown) on a white background. Preferred vessel forms are the volute-krater, cantharus, oinochoe, and askos, whose main bodies were frequently decorated with figures of women on small pedestals and with three-dimensional decor (winged heads, gorgoneia et al.). The gre…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Cantabri
(147 words)
[German version] Alongside the Astures, the C. were the most important tribe of the Spanish Atlantic coastal region. The main income of this tribe, which was split up into various groups, was derived from breeding cattle in the mountainous regions of the modern districts of Asturia and Santander; arable farming was very much of secondary importance only. Food shortages in the mountains may have been the motivation for the C.'s raids on the Vaccaei, who settled in the fertile Duero valley. The C.…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Cantharides
(168 words)
[German version] (κανθαρίδες;
kantharídes) are slim, metallic-green oil beetles, such as the so-called Spanish fly (
Lytta vesicatoria), that were used for medicines; when taken orally, their active ingredient -- cantharidin -- leads to poisoning, as Plin. HN 29,93-96 (cf. [1. 70f.]) shows with reference to one case. Externally applied to wounds together with e.g. mutton suet, the
cantharidae were said to be useful because of their blistening, caustic effect which the Middle Ages learnt about through Isid. Orig. 12,5,5. The beetles -- that lived on pl…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Cantharus
(417 words)
(Κάνθαρος;
Kántharos. Cp. Kantharos) [German version] [1] Main harbour of Piraeus The main harbour of Piraeus (Plut. Phocion 28,3; Aristoph. Pax 145 with schol.; Hesch. s.v. Κάνθαρος; Anecd. Bekk. 1,271,8), otherwise referred to simply as
mégas or
mégistos limḗn ('large' or 'largest harbour'; Plut. Themistocles 32,4; Paus. 1,1,2; IG II2 1035,45f.) [1. 61f.; 2. 9], modern Kentrikos limen. Named after an otherwise unknown heros [1] C. (Philochorus, FGrH 328 F 203) or after the pottery shape Kantharos [1] (cf. [3]). Moles narrowed the entry into the C. which, as
limḕn kleistós ('close…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Canthus
(120 words)
[German version] (Κάνθος;
Kánthos). Argonaut from Euboea, in Apollonius Rhodius the son of Canethus, the eponym of a Euboean mountain, and grandson of Abas [1c], the eponym of the whole island under its old name Abantis (1,77). In Valerius Flaccus, C. is the son of Abas. C. scarcely makes an appearance in the story of the Argonauts, only his death in battle - either on the return journey in Libya (Apoll. Rhod. 4,1485-1501: he is the only one of the Argonauts to fall in battle there; cf. Orph. Arg. 141-143), or in Colchis fighting the Iazyges (Val. Fl. 6,317-341) is described in some detail. Visser…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Cantiaci
(107 words)
[German version] Tribe in the area of Kent and East Sussex. Its name is derived from the region of Cantium. Caes. B Gall. 5,22,1 tells of four indigenous kings; this account allows the conclusion that there were a number of sub-tribes. The tribal centre was Durovernum, also important was Durobrivae (modern Rochester). Numerous
villae were built in C. in the early Imperial Age, especially in eastern and southern Kent. In the 3rd cent., Rutupiae, Dubrae, Regulbium (modern Reculver) and Portus Lemanae (modern Lympne) were garrisons of the
classis Britannica. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bib…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Canticum
(467 words)
[German version] In the Plautus manuscripts, all scenes in a metre other than the iambic senarius were headed
canticum (re exceptions see [3. 220, note]), i.e. all parts accompanied by music (cf. Plaut. Stich. 758-768: while the flute player had a break for a drink, the metre changed to the senarius).
Canticum therefore also includes parts that consisted of trochaic and iambic septenarii and octonarii arranged side by side and was generally understood as recitatives (cf. however [3]);
canticum in the narrower sense (described by Donat. comm. Adelph. praef. 1,7 as
MMC =
Mutatis Modis Ca…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Canuleia
(22 words)
[German version] According to Plutarch (Numa 10,1), one of the first Roman Vestals installed by king Numa. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Canuleius
(321 words)
Name of a plebeian
gens, attested from the 5th cent. BC (variant Canoleius; Greek Κανουλήϊος;
Kanoulḗïos); from the 1st cent. AD, the name becomes rare (ThlL, Onom. 2,148f.). [German version] [1] C., C. Tribunus plebis 445 BC
tribunus plebis of 445 BC, who is said to have introduced a
plebiscitum Canuleium de conubio, repealing the bar to marriage between patricians and plebeians (Cic. Rep. 2,63; Liv. 4,1,1-6). As it is hard to imagine that a people's tribune of the 5th cent. BC could so decisively intervene in the legislative process, the reliab…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Canus
(61 words)
[German version] Roman aulete, was celebrated as the most outstanding virtuoso of his time; he served, amongst others, at Galba's court (Mart. 10, 3; 4,5 and Plut. Galba 16, 1; Mor. 10, 786c). Philostr. (Ap. 5, 21) has him appear in a conversation with Apollonius of Tyana about the technique of playing. Zanoncelli, Luisa (Milan) Bibliography G. Wille, Musica Romana, 1967.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Canusium
(248 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Social Wars | Socii (Roman confederation) | Coloniae Daunian town in Apulia on the right bank of the Aufidus, on the border to the Peucetii (Cic. Att.
passim; Caes. B Civ. 1,24,1; Hor. Sat. 1,5,91f.; 2,3,168; Liv. 22
passim; 23,5,1; 27,12,7; 42,16; Mela 2,66; Plin. HN 3,104; 8,190f.; Κανύσιον: App. B Civ. 1,52; 84; App. Hann. 24; 26; Cass. Dio 57; Plut. Marc. 25,3; Steph. Byz. s.v.; Κανούσιον: Plut. Marc. 9,2; Ptol. 3,1; Procop. Goth. 3,18,18; Canusio: Hil. 2,15; It. Ant. 116,3), m…
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Canytelis
(116 words)
[German version] (Kanytella?). Large village (κώμη) within the
chora of Elaiussa (epigraphically only evident as Κανυτηλλέων or Κανυτηλιδέων δήμος;
Kanytēléōn/
Kanytēlidéōn dḗmos [1. 49]), which, centred around a
c. 60 m deep karst dolina on a hillside above the Cilician coast, was already in existence at the time of the Hellenistic priest-rulers of Olba; a three-storey dynastic dwelling-tower dates from that period. From the late Hellenistic to early Byzantine periods, there are numerous residential buildings; at the s…
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Brill’s New Pauly