Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Kalasirieis
(126 words)
[German version] (Καλασιριεῖς;
Kalasirieîs). Along with the
hermotybies, the
Kalasirieis were one of the two classes in the Egyptian caste of warriors (μάχιμοι), instituted, according to Diod. Sic. 1,94, by a king Σεσόωσις/
Sesóōsis (Sheshonk I ?). According to Hdt. 2,166, they were up to 250,000 men strong and lived in Thebes and in certain towns in the Nile Delta. The Egyptian term
krj-š (the meaning is uncertain) is attested from the 20th Dynasty on, a corresponding group with military and police functions is attested from the 26th Dynasty until the beginning of Roman rule. Jansen-Wink…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kalasiris
(47 words)
[German version] (καλάσιρις;
kalásiris). According to Hdt. 2,81, a fringed linen undergarment worn by the Egyptians; according to Democr. (FGrH 267, F.1) also worn by Persians and Ionians, probably to be connected with the Egyptian warrior class of the Kalasirieis. Cf. Calasiris. Jansen-Winkeln, Karl (Berlin)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kalathos
(323 words)
[German version] (ὁ κάλαθος/
ho kálathos; diminutive τὸ καλάθιον/
tò kaláthion and ὁ/τὸ καλαθίσκος, -ν/
ho/tó kalathiskos, -n; Lat.
calathus). A basket which opens like a blossom, made from a variety of materials such as clay, wood, precious metals (Hom. Od. 4,125). It can also be woven from rods [1]. It was used as a working basket by female wool spinners (e.g. Juv. 2,54; Ov. Ars am. 1,693 and 2,219) - and as such is a requisite of scenes of the women's quarters (e.g. Rhyton London, BM E 773 [2]) - or as a household receptacle for cheese, milk, or oil, which made the
kalathos a common wedding pre…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kaletedou type
(174 words)
[German version] Gaulish
quinarius minting from the 2nd and 1st cents. BC of about 1.90-1.94 g. with the Greek inscription ΚΑΛΕΤΕΔΟΥ on the reverse, sometimes abbreviated as ΚΑΛ or as the remainder of a pseudo inscription in conjunction with a many-spoked wheel or a circle point decoration. The significance of the Greek letters has not been explained. The model for the minting was either a Roman
denarius of P. Cornelius Sulla from the year 151 BC, or of the dictator Sulla from 89 BC, with the helmeted Rome head on the obverse and a biga on the reverse, which …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kalḫu
(274 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Urarṭu | Xenophon | Mesopotamia Arabian Nimrūd (Iraq), was an Assyrian residential city, located on the eastern bank of the Tigris. Earliest traces of settlements date back to the Halaf period (5th millennium). The town is first mentioned under Salmanassar I (1263-1234 BC). Aššurnaṣirpal II (883-858) made K. the capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire after Assur [1]. Excavations have unearthed the architecture of Neo-Assyrian palaces, administrative bu…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kalkriese
(495 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Kalkriese In the course of systematic archaeological investigations since 1987 in K. near Bramsche, district of Osnabrück, several Roman period finds have come to light, attesting to an extensive battleground between the Romans and the Germani (see illustration). By the end of 1997, a total of almost 3,000 objects had been recovered, among them some 1,300 coins and 1,600 ‘militaria’ in the broadest sense attributable to the Romans. In addition t…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kalokagathia
(309 words)
[German version] (καλοκἀγαθία;
kalokagathía). ‘Excellence’, a combination of
kalós k(aì) (‘and’)
agathós, where
kalós means ‘beautiful’, and
agathós ‘good’. Because since Homeric times Greek aristocrats had been defining themselves with these two adjectives [1. 8f.],
kalokagathia was thought to be an expression of aristocratic self-representation in the Homeric tradition (cf. e.g. [2]). However, this has proven to be false [3. vol. 1, 611ff.]:
kalokagathia is not recorded as a set expression until the 2nd half of the 5th cent. BC (evidence: [4. 1054ff.; 107…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kalos inscriptions
(715 words)
[German version] The Greek custom of publicly praising someone's beauty using the epithet
kalós (καλός, masc. = ‘beautiful’), less commonly
kalḗ (καλή, fem.) is particularly evident in Attic vase inscriptions - made before the firing of the vessels - from the 6th and 5th cents. [1; 5]. Spontaneous graffiti [3] on vases can also be found, as well as other public kalos inscriptions (KI) [4. 22, 46-65] (schol. Aristoph. Vesp. 98). They stem from an interest in beautiful youths, also expressed in early Greek lyric poetry, and in the pederastic conventions of the time, but also in the ideal of
kalo…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kamasarye Philoteknos
(107 words)
[German version] (Καμασαρύη Φιλότεκνος;
Kamasarýē Philóteknos). Daughter of the Bosporan king Spartocus V and wife of his successor, Paerisades III, very active politically and mentioned in many inscriptions along with him (e.g. sacrificial list from Didyma, CIG 2, 2855, 178/7 BC; Syll.3 439 from Delphi among others). IOSPE I2 19 ( Panticapaeum) mentions K. as ruler of the Regnum Bosporanum and her son (?) Paerisades IV. She married Argotas before 160 BC. von Bredow, Iris (Bietigheim-Bissingen) Bibliography B. N. Grakov, Materialy no istorii Skifii v grečeskih nadpisjah Ba…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kamephis
(224 words)
[German version] (Καμηφίς, Καμῆφις/
Kamēphís, Kamêphìs < Egyptian
k-mw.t=f; etymologically not < κμηφις [2. 155]), literally ‘bull (i.e. copulator) of his mother’; based on the audacious idea of the son reproducing himself with his mother (i.e. he becomes his own father). In the graphic paradoxical metaphor of Kamephis as Egyptian symbol of cyclic regeneration, mythical time was conceived as regular recurrence. The male part (
k) embodies the dynamic, the female (
mw.t) the permanent principle. The idea of K. is linked to the concept of
Ka . It probably derive…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kaminiates, Iohannes
(128 words)
[German version] Author of an account of the conquest of Thessalonica by the Arabs in AD 904. Allegedly, K. was a cleric and an eyewitness of the events. The narrative of the conquest is preceded by a description of the city. The authenticity has been questioned in recent times; in reality, a text originating shortly after 904 was probably revised and enriched with contemporary details under the influence of the conquest of Thessalonica by the Ottomans in 1430. Berger, Albrecht (Berlin) Bibliography G. Böhlig (ed.), Ioannes Caminiates, De expugnatione Thessalonicae, 1973 Id., Die Einn…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kampyle
(84 words)
[German version] (καμπύλη;
kampýlē). Staff with a cambered handle, mostly used by farmers and shepherds, beggars, old men and travellers, in contrast to the straight walking stick
baktēría (βακτηρία) used by full citizens. According to the Vit. Soph. 6 (according to Satyrus) Sophocles is supposed to have introduced the
kampyle into the theatre. According to Poll. 4,119 the old men in comedies carry
kampyles. On representations of theatre, actors are often depicted with a
kampyle. Lituus; Staff Hurschmann, Rolf (Hamburg) Bibliography Bibliography: Staff.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kandahar
(116 words)
[German version] (today Šahr-e Kohna). Capital of the satrapy Arachosia, rectangular city of the Kushans ( Kushan) and Kushano-Sassanids, in three parts: 1. the fortified residential city with central citadel, 2. two suburbs, 3. a Buddhist monastery with stupa and aqueduct system. A rock inscription of Aśoka (Greek Aramaic bilingual inscription) contains a religious-social proclamation of the Maurya ruler. The choice of the two languages indicates the settlement of Greeks and Syrians in the 3rd…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kandake
(145 words)
[German version] Erroneously considered a proper name by Greek-Roman authors and early travellers. It has been proved today that
kandake represented a title: the Meroitic word
kdke or
ktke <
kd (‘woman’) +
-ke (a suffix in titles). The title
kandake designated the king's mother or the mother of the heir to the throne. Known
kandakes of Meroe are Bartare and Sl[...]tine (early 3rd cent. BC), Amanirenas and Amanishakhete (middle to end of 1st cent. BC), Amanitore (early 1st cent. AD). Lohwasser, Angelika (Berlin) Bibliography S. Wenig, Bemerkungen zur Chronologie des Reiches von Me…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kanephoroi
(267 words)
[German version] (Κανηφόροι/
Kanēphóroi, ‘basket-carriers’) were girls carrying the offering basket (κανοῦν,
kanoûn ) in Greek offering processions, especially in the great state processions; on illustrations of offering scenes and processions, this basket has three handles and is carried on the top of the girls' heads [1; 2. 10-12]. To be
kanephoros was an honour for beautiful freeborn daughters (Aristoph. Lys. 646). In Athens,
kanephoroi are mentioned especially for the processions of Panathenaea (IG II2 334; Aristid. or. 18,2), of Dionysia (Syll.2 388,32) and of the
pythaḯs se…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Kanesh
(291 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Urarṭu | Ḫattusa | Mesopotamia (Kanish), later Hittite Neša (today Kültepe near Kaiserı/Turkey), was a centre of Old Assyrian trade colonies in Asia Minor (other centres included Ališar and Ḫattusa). It was a trans-shipment centre for goods imported by Assyrian traders with donkey caravans from Assur (tin from Iran, textiles and other goods from Babylonia), which were traded primarily for precious metals (mostly gold and silver). At the same time, …
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Brill’s New Pauly