Brill’s New Pauly

Get access Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)

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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.

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Manalis lapis

(296 words)

Author(s): Bendlin, Andreas (Erfurt)
[German version] The object and function were already obsolete in the 1st cent. BC, and therefore required explanation. Paul Fest. 115 l. knows of two explanations: (1) the manalis lapis (ML) was an entrance to the underworld through which the souls of the subterraneans, alias Di Manes, ‘streamed ( manāre) into the upper world; (2) the ML was a stone (or a water jug: Varro in Non. 547 with dubious rationalization) located at the temple of Mars outside the Porta Capena in Rome which the pontifices ( Pontifex) pulled into the city in times of drought (cf. Paul Fest. 2 l., associating ML with aquaeli…

Manasse

(506 words)

Author(s): Liwak, Rüdiger (Berlin) | Renger, Johannes (Berlin) | Kutsch, Ernst (Vienna)
(Hebrew Menašše; Greek Μανασσῆ(ς)/ Manassê(s)). [German version] [1] Israelite tribe Israelite tribe in Middle Palestine, east of the Jordan ( Judah and Israel). Liwak, Rüdiger (Berlin) [German version] [2] King of Judah King of Judah. During his unusually long reign ( c. 696-642 BC), Judah was restricted to Jerusalem and its environs after the Assyrian conquests of 701 BC ( Judah and Israel), but progressively regenerated politically and economically [2. 169-181]. M. (in cuneiform script Me-na-se-e/si-i or Mi-in-se-e) as a loyal vassal of the Assyrians was obliged to pr…

Manates

(71 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Archaic people of Latium, possibly identical with the Sanates Tiburtes, who were neighbours of the Forcti Gabini, and who, according to Plin. HN 3,69, as one of the 30 pagi of the populi Albenses, gathered for sacrificial rites on Mons Albanus. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 555-557 M. Pallottino, Le origini di Roma, in: ArchCl 12, 1960, 27 A. Alföldi, Early Rome and the Latins, 1963, 13.

Manaua

(72 words)

Author(s): Hild, Friedrich (Vienna)
[German version] (Μάναυα; Mánaua). Settlement in western Cilicia near the mouth of the Melas ( Pamphylia), with a river port for Side as well [1. 17-20], the modern Manavgat. In Late Antiquity also the name of a mountainous region in Isauria ( klíma; Georgius of Cyprus, 855). Diocese of Pamphylia I [2]. Hild, Friedrich (Vienna) Bibliography 1 J. Nollé, Side im Altertum 1, 1993 2 J. Darrouzès, Notitiae episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae, 1981.

Manceps

(692 words)

Author(s): Andreau, Jean (Paris)
[German version] The term manceps (formed from manus and capere) denotes a person who lays his hand on something in order to acquire it, as well as one who takes something on by means of a lease or acquires something by public auction. The term could also apply to entrepreneurs who undertook private contracts. Thus Suetonius refers to the great grandfather of Vespasian, the father of T. Flavius Petro, as manceps operarum, recruiting entire teams of agricultural workers in Umbria and hiring them out to the great estates in the Sabine territories (Suet. Vesp. 1,4; cf…

Manching

(836 words)

Author(s): Pingel, Volker (Bochum)
This item can be found on the following maps: Celts | Oppidum [German version] A. General Large Celtic settlement ( Oppidum) south of Ingolstadt (Upper Bavaria) in a strategically favourable position on a dry gravel ridge between the Danube and areas of wetland (Donaumoos) extending from west to east, near a river crossing and formerly accessed by branches of the Danube (harbour?). The level settlement area is almost circular, with a diameter of 2.5 km, comprising 380 ha.; it is traversed by an ancient arterial…

Mancinus

(16 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)
[German version] Cognomen in the family of the Hostilii (Hostilius [7-9]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum)

Mancipatio

(507 words)

Author(s): Schanbacher, Dietmar (Dresden)
[German version] first occurs in Pliny (HN 9,35,117 mancupatio) in place of mancipium ( mancupium), to describe an ancient Roman civil law action establishing power over persons ( mancipium ) or objects ( dominium ). The mancipatio procedure for the 2nd cent. AD is depicted as follows (Gai. Inst. 1,119): in the presence of five witnesses and a bearer of the scales ( libripens), all of them Roman citizens of full age ( quirites ), the person receiving the object declares as follows: a) that he is the owner under Quiritary law, and: b) that he has pur…

Mancipium

(290 words)

Author(s): Schanbacher, Dietmar (Dresden)
[German version] (originally mancupium) initially denotes the Roman legal transaction later called mancipatio . Mancipium is one of those ‘ancient Roman legal terms of transparent clarity’ [2]; it appears to denote an act of taking something by hand. It is thus interpreted in ancient etymology (Varro, Ling. 6,85; Gai. Inst. 1,121). But another interpretation is more probable: just as aucupium (bird-trapping) derives from auceps, so mancupium derives from manceps; auceps denotes the bird-trapper ( avem capiens), manceps one who grasps domestic power ( manum capiens) rather than …

Man, concept of

(6 words)

see Anthropology

Mandaeans

(470 words)

Author(s): Rudolph, Kurt (Marburg/Lahn)
[German version] (‘those who know’, from the Aramaic manda, ‘knowledge, gnosis’). Term describing an ancient Middle Eastern religious community, still extant today, which had already settled in southern Iraq (Mesene) and south-western Iran (Ḫuzistān) in pre-Islamic times; today as a consequence of the Gulf Wars (1980/1986, 1990/1991) they also live in the USA, Australia and Europe. In Arabic they are known as ‘Ṣābians’ ( ṣābiūn, ‘baptist’) or Muġtasila (‘who wash themselves’), in older European literature as ‘Disciples of John the Baptist’ or ‘John's Christian…

Mandane

(155 words)

Author(s): Wiesehöfer, Josef (Kiel) | Hild, Friedrich (Vienna)
(Μανδάνη; Mandánē). [German version] [1] Daughter of the Medean king Astyages According to Hdt. 1,107, Xen. Cyr. 1,2,1 and Iust. 1,4,4, daughter of the Medean king Astyages, wife of the Persian Cambyses [1] and mother of Cyrus [2]. It seems that the dynastic link thus transmitted was meant to lend retrospective legitimation to the claims of Cyrus to the Medean (and, if M.'s mother was the Lydian princess Aryenis (Hdt. 1,74), also the Lydian) throne. Wiesehöfer, Josef (Kiel) [German version] [2] Daughter of Darius [1] I and sister of Xerxes I According to the court story surviving in …

Mandatum

(858 words)

Author(s): Halbwachs, Verena Tiziana (Vienna)
[German version] A. Concept In Roman law, the mandatum is a contract to perform a task. The contractor (the mandatary) undertakes to the client (the mandator) to perform a service for the latter free of charge (Dig. 17,1; Cod. Iust. 4,35; Gai. Inst. 3,155-162; Inst. Iust. 3,26); if, on the other hand, a wage ( merces) is agreed for the service, then an ordinary contract for a task or service ( locatio conductio operis or operarum) arises. The mandatum is a consensual contract ( consensus ), and thus arises by means of an informal agreement between the parti…

Mandela

(70 words)

Author(s): Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
[German version] Pagus (‘district) in the land of the Sabini (Hor. Epist. 1,18,105) at the confluence of Digentia and Anio, later Massa Mandelana (CIL XIV 3482), modern Mandela near Vicovaro. Near M. Chalcolithic tomb chambers and a Roman villa. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography G. Lugli, La villa sabina di Orazio, in: Monumenti antichi, pubblicati dall' Accademia dei Lincei 31, 1926, 457-598 C. F. Giuliani, in: Tibur 2, 1966, 67-77.

Mandonius

(134 words)

Author(s): Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich)
[German version] Iberian. Like his brother Indibilis, together with whom he is mostly mentioned, he was a prince of the Ilergetes; in the 2nd Punic War he changed sides several times as an ally initially of the Carthaginians and then of the Romans: he joined P. Cornelius [I 71] Scipio in 208 BC, because of the good treatment the latter had given to M.'s wife and relatives who had been taken hostage (Pol. 10,18,7-15; 35,6-8; Liv. 26,49,11-16; 27,17,3). Later he was received back into the alliance w…

Mandrobulus

(87 words)

Author(s): Gärtner, Hans Armin (Heidelberg)
[German version] (Μανδρόβουλος; Mandróboulos). The theophoric name is derived from ‘Mandrus, a - deduced - god of Asia Minor. A drama by Cleophon and a dialogue by Speusippus are named after M. The proverb ἐπὶ τὰ Μανδροβούλου χωρεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα was already no longer understood in antiquity; the ancient Paroimiographoi offered conjectures with regard to its explanation - as in Suda ε 2659, 2716 - presuming that it related to turns for the worse. Gärtner, Hans Armin (Heidelberg) Bibliography W. Kroll, s.v. Mandroboulos, RE 14, 1039f.

Mandrocleidas

(148 words)

Author(s): Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum)
(Μανδροκλείδας; Mandrokleídas). [German version] [1] Spartiate, tried to keep Pyrrhos from further raids in Laconia, 272 BC Spartiate (Μανδρικλείδας/ Mandrikleídas in good MSS). Plutarch (Plut. Pyrrhus 26,24) passes down a memorable statement by M. who is said to have attempted in 272 BC to convince Pyrrhus of the Spartan will to resist him so as to prevent further plundering raids in Laconia by his troops [1. 128f.]. Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) [German version] [2] Spartiate, supporter of Agis's reforms in 243/2 BC Spartiate (probably not identical to M. [1]), talented fo…

Mandrocles

(87 words)

Author(s): Höcker, Christoph (Kissing)
[German version] Architect of Samos. For a considerable fee he built the pontoon bridge over the Bosporus (Hdt. 4,87,1ff.) for Darius [1] I in 513/2 BC in the context of the campaign against the Scythians. M. attained fame through a votive offering in the Heraeum of Samos: a panel painting described in detail by Herodotus (4,88,1-89,2), which depicted the (pontoon) bridge and praised the architect in an epigram. Höcker, Christoph (Kissing) Bibliography H. Svenson-Evers, Die griechische Architekten archaischer und klassischer Zeit, 1996, 59-66 (with additional literature).

Mandubii

(64 words)

Author(s): Lafond, Yves (Bochum)
[German version] Gaulish people who are only mentioned in Caes. B Gall. 7,68,1 and Str. 4,2,3. Capital Alesia ( oppidum Mandubiorum). Their territory is probably identical to the modern region of Auxois ( pagus Alisiensis in the Middle Ages). In Roman times the M. appear to have merged with the Haedui people. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography P.-M. Duval, Chronique gallo-romaine, in: REA 61, 1959, 368-370.

Mandubracius

(66 words)

Author(s): Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
[German version] King of the Trinobantes in south-eastern Britannia, who on the occasion of the murder of his father by Cassivellaunus had fled to Caesar on the mainland. When Caesar invaded Britannia for the second time in 54 BC, M. was able to return to his tribe by providing hostages and grain (Caes. B Gall. 5,20; 22,5; Oros. 6,9,8). Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography Evans, 100ff.
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