Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Nerabus
(117 words)
[German version] (Νήραβος/
Nḗrabos). Town in Syria (Nicolaus of Damascus FGrH 2,341 Fr. 17), modern Nairab south of Aleppo, Arama
ic nrb, Neo-Assyrian
Nirabu/
Nērebu, part of the province of Arpad. During archaeological investigations two steles with Aramaic funereal inscriptions of priests of the moon god Šahr (moon deity) were uncovered, as well as Babylonian cuneiform texts (
c. 560-500 BC) which attest to the business of a local family that lived temporarily (in exile) in a town in Babylonia that was also called N. Not to be confused with this N. …
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Neranius
(39 words)
Sextus Neranius Capito.
Cos. suff. together with L. Acilius [II 11] Strabo (IGR1, 452), the consulship belonging to the year AD 80 according to the Fasti of Septempeda. Bibliography S.M. Marengo, Fasti Septempedani, in: Picus 18, 1998, 63-88.
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Neratiolus
(55 words)
was honoured in stone with an inscription from Xanthus, along with other members of the family of Domitius [II 6] Apollinaris (AE 1981, 826). PIR2 N 50. According to [1. 152f.], however, the honour was bestowed on Neratius [1] Marcellus. This would need to be clarified by a study of the inscribed stone. Bibliography
1 Salomies, Nomenclature
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Neratius
(839 words)
The senatorial family came from Saepinum, where a large number of their inscriptions and buildings have been recovered. It entered the Senate no later than under Emperor Nero; its last members are attested in the 4th cent. [German version] [1] L.N.Marcellus Consul ord. II. AD 129 Senator. His natural father was probably N. [4], and his brother was N. [6]. N. was adopted by M. Hirrius Fronto Neratius [2] Pansa, together with whom he was admitted into the ranks of the patricians by Vespasian in AD 73/4. Until the consulate, he had a career without many offices; in 95, he became
cos. suff. as a fo…
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Nereids
(615 words)
[German version] (Νηρηΐδες/
Nērēḯdes, Νηρεΐδες/
Nēreḯdes; Latin
Nereides, singular
Nereis,
Nereine,
Nerine). Sea nymphs, daughters of Nereus and Doris [I 1] (Hes. Theog. 240-242), traditionally numbering fifty (ibid. 264). The graceful, playful and helpful Nereids usually appear in literature and the visual arts as a group, but some of them have their own specific myths (Thetis, Amphitrite, Galatea [1]). There are many names of Nereids in the catalogues of Nereids that have been handed down (Hes. Theog. 240-264; Hom. Il. 18,37-49; Apollod. 1,11f.; Hyg.…
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Nereis
(102 words)
[German version] (Νηρηίς/
Nērēís). Daughter of the Molossian king Pyrrhus II. In 233/2 BC, for dynastic reasons, Hiero [2] II married her to his son Gelo [2]; she bore three sons, including Hieronymus [3], and one daughter. The name of the queen is inscribed in the theatre of Syracuse (Syll.3 429). N. also had statues of her family erected at Delphi and Olympia (Syll.3 453; Pol. 7,4,5; Liv. 24,6,8; Paus. 6,12,3). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) Bibliography
1 J. Seibert, Historische Beiträge zu den dynastischen Verbindungen in hellenistischer Zeit, 1967, 110f.
2 G. de Sensi Sestito, Gerone I…
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Nereus
(482 words)
[German version] (Νηρεύς;
N
ēreús), whose name may be related to the Lithuanian
nérti (‘to dive’), has only a shadowy role in Greek mythology. He is a typical ‘Old Man of the Sea’. This category of deities is usually anonymous in Homer (Il. 1.358, 18.141 etc.), although the title also refers to other sea-deities like Proteus (Od. 4.365) and Phorcys (Od. 13.96). These, and comparable deities like Glaucus [1], Thetis and Triton, possess the gift of prophecy and the ability to change shapes. The background is a…
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Nericus
(83 words)
[German version] (Νήρικος;
Nḗrikos). Hom. Od. 24,377 mentions a place named N. on the mainland (ἀκτὴν ἠπείροιο), described in Str. 10,2,8 as a predecessor settlement of the town of Leucas. Besieged in vain by Athens in 426 BC (Thuc. 3,7,5). Location probably near the modern Hagios Georgios on the mainland opposite the ancient town of Leucas. Further evidence: Str. 1,3,18; Plin. HN 4,5. Neriton Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography M. Fiedler, Zur Topographie der Polis Leukas, in: P. Berktold (ed.), Akarnanien, 1996, 159f.
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Neriglissar
(129 words)
[German version] (Νηριγλίσαρος/
Nēriglísaros; Akkad. Nergal-šarra-uṣur). King of Babylon (559-556 BC), son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar II, at whose court he held an important position. He descended from an influential aristocratic family (extensive land ownership). If he is identical with Nergal-Sharezer in Jer 39:3; 13, he also held a senior military function. According to Berossus, he had his brother-in-law Amēl-Marduk (561-560; 2 Kg 25:27; Jer 52:31: Ewil-Merodach) murdered, and succeeded him on th…
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Nerio
(459 words)
[German version] Deity of Sabine origin whose name in Antiquity was translated as
virtus or ἀνδρία/
andría, ‘manliness’, and
fortitudo, ‘strength’, ‘bravery’ (Gell. NA 13,23,7; Lydus, Mens. 4,60). Nerio is derived from Indoeuropean *
ner-, ‘man-’, which is preserved in many Italian dialects, but was replaced in Latin by
uir-, except in the personal names Nerio and Nero [1. 438f.]. It is an attractive hypothesis that M. Claudius [I 11] Marcellus was thinking of the Sabine Nerio when dedicating anew the santuary of Honos outside the Porta Capena…
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Neriomagienses
(115 words)
[German version] The
vicani (‘villagers’) N. (CIL XIII 1373f.) settled on a hill in the territory of the Bituriges Cubi (modern Néris, Dépt. Allier); the rise of the
vicus from the time of Augustus was due to thermal springs (
Aquae Neri, Tab. Peut. 2,3) and its position at the intersection of the Augustonemetum - Limonum and Avaricum - Augustonemetum roads (CIL XIII 8922) to the south of the
civitas Biturigum Cubum. It became a municipality: two baths (restoration of the southern bath by L. Julius Equester, CIL XIII 1376-1381), two aqueducts, a building for th…
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Neris
(35 words)
[German version] (Νηρίς/
Nērís). Settlement in the territory of Cynuria [1] in the eastern Peloponnese, possibly at modern Kato Doliana [1. 122-124; 2. 75-79] (Paus. 2,38,6; Stat. Theb. 4,46). Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography
1 Pritchett 3
2 Pritchett 4.
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Nerites
(83 words)
[German version] (Νηρίτης;
Nērítēs). Only son of Nereus and Doris [I 1], brother of the Nereids. He is either transformed into the snail of the same name by Aphrodite, who loves him because of his extraordinary beauty, out of anger because he does not follow her to Olympus, or in another version by Helios, possibly out of jealousy against Poseidon, N.'s lover (Ael. NA 14,28 with reference to
lógoi thaláttioi, ‘seamen's tales’; compare EM s.v. ἀνηρίτης and νηρίτης). Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
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Neritum
(148 words)
[German version] (Νήριτον;
Nḗriton). Originally probably a poetic designation for ‘mountain forest’ [1. 185], the name of a forested mountain on Ithaca (Hom. Od. 9,22; 13,351). In the Homeric Catalogue of Ships (Hom. Il. 2,632) the significance is unclear: N. can be understood either as a mountain [2. 591-596] or as an island or city next to Ithaca (cf. Verg. Aen. 3,271; Ov. Met. 13,712; Mela 2,110). Other ancient authors identify N. with the town of Nericus, which they localised on Leucas (cf. Plin. HN 4,5). Hence in ancient authors and in the MSS the forms
Nericus and
Neritus are mixed u…
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Nerius
(99 words)
Rare Roman proper name (epigraphic evidence for
praenomen, family name and epithet). Also the name of a Gaulish-Roman goddess (Néris-Les Bains). [German version] [1] Money Lender Well Versed in Law Money lender well versed in law (Hor. Sat. 2,3,69 with Porphyrio
ad loc.; cf. Pers. 2,14). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] N., Cn. (?) Accused P. Sestius of corruption in 56 BC Accused P. Sestius of gaining office by improper means (
ambitus; Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 2,3,5) in 56 BC; not identical with the
quaestor urbanus 49 BC (RRC 441). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Schulz…
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Nero
(1,990 words)
Hereditary
cognomen in the younger line of the Claudii family (Claudius; from the 2nd half of the 3rd cent. BC); according to ancient etymology of Sabine origin, meaning ‘brave’ (Suet. Tib. 1.2; Gell. NA 13.23.7f., etc.). With Livia's children [2] from her first marriage with Ti. Claudius [I 19] Nero - the later
princeps Tiberius and N. Claudius [II 24] Drusus (the Elder) - the name passed into the Julio-Claudian imperial house (stemma: Augustus). Whereas Tiberius retained N. as an epithet, his brother bore it as
praenomen, as did their sons Drusus [II 1] (the Younger) and…
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Neronias
(94 words)
[German version] (Νερωνιάς/
Nerōniás). City in the east of Cilicia Pedias, modern-day Düziçi (formerly Haruniye). Possibly founded by Antiochus [18] IV of Commagene in honour of Nero (beginning of the city era in AD 51/2) at the site of Pindenissus (?). Probably already renamed Eirenoupolis during the time of Vespasian (AD 69-79). Diocese of Cilicia II (metropolis: Anazarbus); important border fortress of the Byzantines. Hild, Friedrich (Vienna) Bibliography Hild/Hellenkemper, 245-248 F. Hild, Eirenupolis in der Kilikia Pedias, in: G. Dobesch, G. Rehrenböck (ed.), Hundert J…
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Nersae
(87 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre
Vicus of the Aequiculi (
regio IV) in the upper Himella (the modern Salto) valley, referred to in Verg. Aen. 7,744 as
montosae Nersae (‘mountainous Nersae’), the modern Civitella di Nesce. For the place name, see Nursia. After 49 BC, N. probably became part of the
res publica Aequiculanorum (
tribus Fabia). Inscriptions refer to a forum, theatre and a Mithraeum. Remains: aqueduct, rock tombs. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Z. Mari, s.v. Nersae, EV 3, 709f.
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Nerthus
(319 words)
[German version] Tacitus describes the cult of the mother deity N., adding as his own interpretation:
id est terra mater (Tac. Germ. 40,2). He states that N. is venerated by seven tribes (the so-called Nerthus peoples), whom he includes among the Suebi living to the east of the Elbe. They probably lived in western Mecklenburg and were part of the Ingaevones [3. 460]. On an island (probably in the Danish Baltic Sea) he locates a sacred grove containing a cultic wagon concealed by covers. Only one priest (
sacerdos) is allowed to touch it. The goddess’s solemn procession, linked to …
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Nertobriga
(148 words)
[German version] [1] City in northern Spain City in northern Spain (Celtic place name:
narto, ‘strength’,
briga, ‘fortress’ [1]), modern Calatorao in the Jalón valley, 30 km to the northeast of Bilbilis. The consul M. Claudius [I 13] Marcellus conquered N. in 152 BC. The city was finally subjugated in 143 BC (App. Ib. 48; 50; Flor. Epit. 1,33,10). Itin. Anton. 437,4; 439,2; coins. Barceló, Pedro (Potsdam) Bibliography
1 Holder 1, 533; 2, 723. Tovar 2, 414 TIR K 30 Madrid, 1993, 158f. [German version] [2] City in central Spain City in central Spain, as a Roman colony
N. Concordia Iulia (Pli…
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Nerva
(717 words)
[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen (probably from
nervus) meaning ‘strength’. Attested in the families of the Aebutii, Cocceii, Licinii and Silii. Its most famous bearer is emperor M. Cocceius N. [2]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography
1 Kajanto, Cognominia 105; 247 Walde/Hofmann 2, 165. [German version] [2] Roman emperor AD 96-98 Roman emperor AD 96-98. Born on AD 8 November 30 in Narnia with the name M. Cocceius Nerva; his father was the jurist of same name (Cocceius [5]), his mother Sergia Plautilla. Presumably his fat…
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Nervii
(566 words)
[German version] A people in Gallia Belgica; their territory encompassed parts of the modern Belgian provinces of Hainault, Brabant and East Flanders and the French Département Nord. The northwestern and western border with the Menapii and Atrebates [1] followed the Scaldis (Scheldt) from its estuary to its source; the southern border with the Remi ran from there in a direct line, probably identical with the contour of the Thiérache forest, to the source of the Isara [2]. The eastern border with t…
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Nervus
(63 words)
[German version] An iron chain used to tether a debtor's feet (
ferreum vinculum, quo pedes impediuntur, Fest. 162,1-2). According to the Twelve Tables (Lex XII tab. 3,3), a creditor was apparently permitted to use the
nervus to take the debtor into a kind of coercive detention, if the latter did not pay his debts despite having been sentenced. Schiemann, Gottfried (Tübingen)
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Nesactium
(94 words)
[German version] Settlement in Istria at modern Vizac̆e, approx. 8 km north-east of modern Pula/Croatia (Plin. HN 3,129). Suburb of the Histri on a bank with a sanctuary dated to 1,000 BC; conquered by the Romans in 177 BC (Liv. 41,11,1:
oppidum Nesattium). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography K. Mihovilić, Rezultati sondanog istraivanja u sjevernoj bazilici u Nezakciju (1977 godine), in: Histria Archaeologica 15/6, 1984/5, 5-29 M. Zaninović, Apsorus, Crexa e Nesactium. Badò sulla rotta marittima adriatica, in: Quaderni dell' Antiquità di Venetia 10, 1994, 179-188 V.Ved…
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Nesaea
(65 words)
[German version] (Νησαίη, -α/
Nēsaíē, -a; Lat.
Nesaee,
-a, also
Nisaee: Verg. Aen. 5,826 ‘(N. from the island ’). One of the most frequently mentioned Nereids (Hes. Theog. 249; Hom. Il. 18,40; Hyg. Fab. praef. 8; Apollod. 1,12; Verg. Aen. 5,826; Prop. 2,26,16). Name found on the lid of an Attic red-figured lekanis [1]. Ambühl, Annemarie (Groningen) Bibliography
1 N. Icard-Gianolio, s.v. Nesaea, LIMC 6.1, 838.
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Nesiotai
(273 words)
(νησιῶται/
nēsiôtai). [German version] [1] See Hecatonnesi See Hecatonnesi Rhodes, Peter J. (Durham) [German version] [2] Aegean league of islanders, with Delos as its centre, c. 315 BC League (
k
oinon ) of islanders in the Aegean with Delos as its centre, probably founded by Antigonus [1] Monophthalmus in 315/4 BC rather than by Ptolemaeus in 308 BC. After the defeat of Demetrius [2] Poliorcetes 286 BC, the league was taken over by Ptolemaeus. It served as a political alliance and celebrated festivities in honour of its patron. Under the Ptolemies, there were a
nēsíarchos (‘island ruler…
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Nesis
(102 words)
[German version] (Νῆσις/
Nêsis). Volcanic island with Roman villas (e.g. the
villa of Licinius [I 26] Lucullus; [2. 886]) in the Gulf of Kyme (Cic. Att. 16,1,1; cf. Nilus Doxopatrius, Notitia Episcopatuum 8,115; 9,43 with reference to a law of Constantine from 314/5 [1. 183, 200118]), present-day Nisida (also Nisita). Descriptive features: pleasant climate, forests (Stat. Silv. 3,1,148), asparagus cultivation (Plin. HN 19,146), sulphur vapours (Sen. Ep. 53,1; Lucan. 6,90; Stat. Silv. 2,2,78). In the northeast there are two breakwaters from Antiquity. Gulletta, Maria Ida (P…
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Neso
(68 words)
(Νησώ/
Nēsṓ). [German version] [1] Nereid Nereid (Hes. Theog. 261). For the name cf. Nesaea. Ambühl, Annemarie (Groningen) [German version] [2] Daughter of the Trojan king Teukros Daughter of the Trojan king Teucer, sister of Batieia, and (like her sister) wife of Dardanus [1] and mother of the Marpessian Sibyl (Lycoph. 1465 with schol.; Arr. FGrH 156 F 95; Eust. ad Hom. Il. 2,814). Ambühl, Annemarie (Groningen)
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Nessonis limne
(62 words)
[German version] (Νεσσωνὶς λίμνη;
Ness
ōnìs límnē). Silted-up lake, to the north-east of Larisa [3] in Thessalian Pelasgiotis, formerly fed primarily by the Peneius, today dried out. Ancient authors were interested in the fluctuations in its water level and its connection with the Boibe to the south (Str. 9,5,20). Kramolisch, Herwig (Eppelheim) Bibliography F. Stählin, s.v. N., RE 17, 79f.
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Nessus
(212 words)
[German version] (Νέσσος/
Néssos, Νέσος/
Nésos). Centaur, son of Ixion and Nephele [2] (= Nubes), who, after the war of the Lapiths (Lapithae) and the centaurs, flees to the river Euenus (= Lycormas), where he works as a ferryman (Apollod. 2,86). When Heracles [1] and his wife Deianira want to cross the river, N. helps Deianira, carrying her across the water, while Heracles walks or swims (Ov. Met. 9,101ff.) to the other side. In the middle of the river, N. wants to rape Deianira. Heracles shoots N. …
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Nestane
(99 words)
[German version] (Νεστάνη/
Nestánē). Fortified village (κώμη/
kṓmē) in the Mantinea region in Arcadia (Theop. FGrH 115 F 175; Ephor. FGrH 70 F 234) on the eastern edge of the plateau on the road to Argos [II 1] by way of the Prinos pass. At the time of Pausanias (8,7,4; 8,1) N. was in ruins; near what is now Nestane (formerly Tsipiana). Remains of the castle wall have been preserved. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography S. and H. Hodkinson, Mantineia and the Mantinike, in: ABSA 76, 1981, 267-269 M. Jost, Villages de l'Arcadie antique, in: Ktema 11, 1986 (1990), 156f. Jost, 140.
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Nesti
(36 words)
[German version] (Νέστοι/
Néstoi). Tribe, probably Thracian or Illyrian, of the north-eastern Adriatic, with territory between the Nestus and the Naro (Ps.-Scyl. 23f.; Apoll. Rhod. 4,1215: Νεσταῖοι/
Nestaîoi). Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) Bibliography J.J. Wilkes, Dalmatia, 1969, 7.
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Nestor
(1,290 words)
(Νέστωρ;
Néstōr). [German version] [1] Son of Nesleus Important figure in Greek mythology, particularly in the legend of the Trojan War. N. represents the aging warrior who has lost some of his former physical strength but due to his wealth of experience fulfills an important function in the group of leaders and in the Greek army. N. is the son of Neleus (thus his fixed epithet Neleid [Νηλεΐδης;
Nēleΐdēs]) and of Chloris [4]. He has two brothers by the names of Chromius and Periclymenus, who are of no mythological significance, and a sister Pero who appears to h…
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Nestor Cup
(534 words)
[German version] The so-called NC (late geometric kotyle/skyphos, East Greek, c. 735-720 BC) was discovered in 1954 in the grave (c. 720-710 BC) of a 12-14-year-old boy on Ischia (Pithecussae) [1; 2]. It is important by virtue of the three-line inscription (CEG 454) in the Euboean alphabet, (old picture in Greece, languages; cf. drawing and photos in [1; 2]), carved in after firing: Νέστορος : ἔ̣[˘ε̄ν τ]ι̣ : εὔποτ[ον] : ποτε̄́ριον· | hὸς δ' ἂν το̃δε πίε̄σι : ποτε̄ρί[ο] : αὐτίκα κε̃νον | hῑ́μερος hαιρε̄́σει : καλλιστε̣[φά]ν̣ο̄ : Ἀφροδῑ́τε̄ς. ‘Nestor had a cup…
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Nestoris
(182 words)
[German version] A type of ‘Italian’ vase, also called trozella, which was adopted by Lucanian vase painting in the 5th cent. and by Apulian vase painting only around the middle of the 4th cent. BC. The nestoris appears to have been taken on from Messapian vase art. It is known in various forms; typical is its ovoid body with side handles and strap handles (which rise up from the shoulder of the vessel and connect to its lip) which are often decorated with discs (rotellae) [1. 11 fig. 3]. In vase …
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Nestorius, Nestorianism
(1,062 words)
(named after N., bishop of Constantinople, AD 428-431; d. in
c. 451). [German version] A. Life According to Socr. 7,29,2, N. was probably born after AD 381 in East Syrian Germanicea. The centre of his early work was Antiochia [1], where N. joined the monastery of Euprepius located outside of the city. Formative for his thinking was the so-called Antiochene theology represented by Diodorus [20] of Tarsus and Theodorus of Mopsu(h)estia (whose student he may have been). At Emperor Theodosius II's instigation, N., …
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Nestus
(226 words)
(Νέστος/
Néstos, Μέστος/
Méstos, Νέσσος/
Néssos). [German version] [1] River in Thrace River in Thrace which rises in the Rila mountain range, (according to mistaken classical belief from the Scomius mountains, the present-day Vitoša Mountains, : Aristot. Mete. 1,13,350b 16f.) and after 234 km flows through the swampy delta area near Abdera [1] and into the Aegean (Hdt. 7,109; Theophr. Hist. pl. 3,1,5; Ps.-Skyl. 67). N. is already known as a river god in Hes. Theog. 341. In Roman times, N. was the border between the provinces of Macedonia and Thracia. von Bredow, Iris (Bietigheim-Biss…
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Nesysti
(222 words)
[German version] [1] N. I High priest of Ptah, at the turn of the 4th to the 3rd cent. BC Also called Anemher I. Father of N. [2] II, high priest of Ptah (Phthas) in Memphis at the turn of the 4th to the 3rd cent. BC. PP III/IX 5365. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] N. II High priest of Ptah, 1st half of the 3rd cent. BC Also called Petobastis I, high priest of Ptah in Memphis in the 1st half of the 3rd cent. BC, in addition prophet of Arsinoë [II 3] II and prophet of Philotera; son of N. [1] I, father of Anemher [2] II, ancestor of Petobastis III. PP III/IX 5361; 5362; 5364 (cf. [1]). Ame…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Netherlands and Belgium
(37,064 words)
Heesakkers, C. L. Tournoy, G. I. The Low Countries to 1575 (CT) [German version] A. The Territory and Academic Landscape (CT) The territory of the present-day Benelux states only began to form a certain geographical, political and cultural unit under the Dukes of Burgundy in the 14th cent. Philip the Bold, son of the French king and since 1363 Duke of Burgundy, married the heiress of Flanders in 1369. His grandson Philip the …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Nettus Painter
(313 words)
[German version] First significant vase painter of the black-figured style in Athens,
c. 620-600 BC. Named after the representation of the battle between Heracles and Nessus on the neck of a monumental grave amphora with the inscription ΝΕΤΟΣ/
NETOS for Attic Νέττος/
Néttos (Athens, NM 1002). The NP and his contemporaries gave up the early Attic experimental manner of painting with contour drawing and introduced silhouette painting which was developed in Corinth (Corinthian vases). Following the Corinthian model, he also reduced ornamen…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Netum
(172 words)
[German version] (Νέητον, Νεαίτιον/
Néēton, Neaítion; Latin
Netum). City of the Siculi in the southeastern part of Sicilia (Plin. HN 3,91:
Netini; Ptol. 3,4,13), modern-day Noto Antica, located on the upper course of the Asinaro on a steep, heart-shaped bluff (420 m high), 16 km to the northwest of Noto. At the beginning of the 1st Punic War in 263 BC N. was awarded by Rome to the kingdom of Syracuse (Diod. 23,4,1: Νεαιτῖνοι; StV 3, No. 479). As part of the Roman province, N. was one of the favoured municipalities (
civitates foederatae) and expressly exempted from providing grain shipments (
cu…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Neuri
(90 words)
[German version] (Νεῦροι/
Neûroi). Tribe (not of the Scythae) on the Hypanis [1], to the west of the Borysthenes and south of the source lake of the Tyras (Hdt. 4,17); easterly neighbours of the Androphagi and Melanchlaeni (Hdt. 4,17; 51; 100; 125). Various attempts have been made to associate them with cultures of southern Belrus, including the ancestor tribes of the Slavs, Balts or Finns. von Bredow, Iris (Bietigheim-Bissingen) Bibliography A.I. Terenožkin, Predskifskij period na Dneprovskom Pravoberež'e, 1961, 234 E.A. Mel'nikovskaja, Plemena južnoj Belorusij v rannem ž…
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Brill’s New Pauly