Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Narthex
(580 words)
(νάρθηξ;
nárth
ēx). [German version] [1] Yellow-flowering giant fennel (Latin
ferula with uncertain etymology). The umbelliferous plant
Ferula communis, the yellow-flowering giant fennel, which Theophrastus (H. plant. 6,2,8f., cf. Plin. HN 13,123) describes [1. 61f. and fig. 95-97]. On the coasts of Greece, on the islands and in Lower Italy this plant grows up to 5 m high. The dried stems were used like a cane for punishment, as the ‘sceptre of paedagogues’ (
sceptrum paedagogorum, Mart. 10,62,10
et passim), but also as a cattle goad and the staff of the Bacchants (Thyrs…
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Naryca
(461 words)
[German version] (Ναρύκα/
Narýka, lit. also Νᾶρυξ/
Nâryx). City in Locris Epicnemidia (Locrians [1]) on the road from the Spercheus Valley via Thermopylae to Phocis, localized by inscriptions found in the church of Hagios Ioannes near Paleokastro at Rengini, approx. 8 km southeast of Mendenitsa ([1], cf. [2]; formerly believed to be at Atalante [3. 1138] or Kalapodi [4. 187]). Given its favourable setting in a fertile valley that was linked to the ocean via Thronion and located on the axis connecting n…
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Nasamon
(40 words)
[German version] (Νασάμων;
Nasámōn). Son of Amphithemis (Garamas according to Apoll. Rhod. 4,1492) and the nymph Tritonis, great-grandson of Minos. N. was the progenitor and eponym of the Nasamones in Libya (schol. Apoll. Rhod. 4,1322). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel)
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Nasamones
(182 words)
[German version] (Νασαμῶνες;
Nasamônes). Libyan tribe, which for a long time was resident in the Great Syrtis. Evidence: Hdt. 2,32,1f.; 4,172-174; Ps.-Scyl. 109 (GGM 1,84); Diod. 3,49,1, who, however, in 17,50 erroneously transplants it to the area north of the oasis of Siwa; Str. 2,5,33; 17,3,20; Plin. HN. 5,33; Ptol. 4,5,21; 30; Tab. Peut. 8,2f. (
Nesamones). In summer the N. grazed their herds near the coast and migrated to the Augila (modern Auǧila) oasis to harvest dates. They buried their dead in a sitting position. They prophesied from dreams …
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Nascus
(155 words)
[German version] Inland (
Nascus, Plin. HN 6,154) city in Arabia Felix (Amm. Marc. 23,6,47). Identical with the
Našqum of Ancient Southern Arabian inscriptions, which can be identified with the remains of Al-Baydā (16° 12′ N, 44° 29′ E) in Yemenite Ǧawf. N.'s city walls were an oval 1500 m in circumference. At the beginning of the 7th cent. BC, N. was taken by Karibil Watar on behalf of Saba. According to Str. 16,782, Aelius Gallus occupied the city of
Aská (Ἀσκᾶ) in 24 BC, which is traced back by the designation of the inhabitants as
Aššūqān; Plin. HN 6,160 counts
Nesca among the cities des…
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Nasi
(328 words)
[German version] I. Greece (Νᾶσοι/
Nâsoi). [German version] [I 1] Lowlands in the area of Caphyae in Arcadia Lowlands in the area of Caphyae in Arcadia (Arcadians), to the south of and below the modern village of Daras (known as Dara until 1940), with luxuriant vegetation, as the water of the upper Orchomenian Plain reemerges here in several springs forming the stream Tragus, which flows into the Ladon [2] (Paus. 8,23,2; 8). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Lienau, Cay (Münster) Bibliography
1 E. Meyer, s.v. N. (1), RE 16, 1793 Ders., Peleponnesische Wanderungen, 1939, 31f., 34, Taf. XI. Pr…
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Nasica
(134 words)
[German version] [1] Roman cognomen Roman cognomen (‘pointed nose’); from the 2nd cent. BC it was hereditary in the family of the Cornelii Scipiones (Cornelius [I 81-85]). The unsuccessful legacy hunter N. (around 30 BC) who was ridiculed by Horace (Hor. Sat. 2,5,57; 65) was not part of the Cornelii family. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina 105; 237. [German version] [2] Town in western India (Νασίκα;
Nasíka).Town in western India to the east of the river Namades (Narmada) (Ptol. 7,1,6). Probably present-day Nāsik (old Indian Nāsikya…
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Nasidienus Rufus
(57 words)
[German version] Ridiculed by Horace (Hor. Sat. 2,8) as the
nouveau riche host of a dinner for Maecenas [2] and his poet friends that, for all its opulence and refinement, ends in banal mishap. (The
nomen
gentile is attested in only one other place, on an inscription from Cologne: CIL XIII 8270). Frigo, Thomas (Bonn)
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Nasidius
(205 words)
[German version] [1] N., L. Cnaeus Pompey's fleet commander in 49 BC Cnaeus Pompeius's fleet commander. In 49 BC he was sent out with a squadron from Dyrrhachium to Massalia to support L. Domitius [I 8] Ahenobarbus (Caes. B Civ. 2,3,1f.. Once there he shirked from a sea battle against D. Iunius [I 12] Brutus Albinus and made his way to Spain without a fight (Caes. B Civ. 2,4,4f.; 7,1f.). After active service in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Bell. Afr. 98,1; Cic. Att. 11,17a,3), N. died in North Africa in 46 BC together with the supporters of Pompeius. MRR 2, 271. Frigo, Thomas (Bonn) [German version] [2] N…
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Nasium
(249 words)
[German version] City of the Leuci in Gallia Belgica (It. Ant. 365,3; Tab. Peut. 2,5; Νάσιον/
Násion, Ptol. 2,9,13) between the rivers Mosella and Matrona [2] in the region of the present-day communities of Naix-aux-Forge and Saint-Amand-sur-Ornain. The Gallo-Roman city, located in the Ornain valley, succeeded a Celtic
oppidum (52 ha) situated on the neighbouring hill of Boviolles. N. is located on the military road leading from Durocortorum to Tullum and Divodurum (Tab. Peut. l.c.; It. Ant. l.c.), but its importance in transportation is prim…
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Naso
(53 words)
[German version] Widespread Roman cognomen (‘large-nosed’), which does not, however, occur in distinguished families of the Republican period; the family of some of its bearers cannot be determined. The most prominent figure to bear the name was the poet P. Ovidius Naso. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography
1 Kajanto, Cognomina, 237
2 Walde/Hofmann 2, 146.
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Nastes
(71 words)
[German version] (Νάστης/
Nástēs). Son of Nomion, commander of the Trojans' Carian allies, together with his brother Amphimachus [3] (cf. Hom. Il. 2,867ff.). He or his brother (the grammatical reference is ambiguous) went to war ‘wearing gold like a girl’ and was killed by Achilles in the river battle. According to Dictys 4,12, both brothers fell to Ajax. Stoevesandt, Magdalene (Basle) Bibliography P. Wathelet, Dictionnaire des Troyens de l'Iliade, 1988, nr. 237.
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Nasturtium
(154 words)
[German version] (Latin) corresponds to κάρδαμον/
kárdamon according to Cic. Tusc. 5,99 and describes a type of cress, probably garden cress (
Lepidium sativum), which is mentioned in Xen. Cyr. 1,1,8 as something the ordinary Persian ate with bread. Here it probably means the seeds and not the leaves, which are eaten as salad in present-day Greece and Italy. Both Theophr. Hist. pl. 1,12,1 and Plin. HN. 19,186 mention the mustard-like, sharp taste of
kárdamon, and the quick germination is also stressed in Plin. HN 19,117 and 154. For Italy, Columella 11,3,14 recommends…
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Nasua
(26 words)
[German version] Leader of the Suebi in 58 BC, name Germanic (?), brother to Cimberius (Caes. B Gall. 1,37,3). Ariovistus; Suebi Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum)
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Natalis templi
(165 words)
[German version]
Natalis templi was the day on which a newly erected or restored sanctuary was consecrated to ‘its deity and thereby dedicated to its purpose. A public sacrifice offered each year commemorated this
dedicatio and
consecratio . The popular ‘temple birthday (Serv. Aen. 8,60) was an official holiday only if it was celebrated on the festival day of the deity involved. Otherwise, it could add a social or political dimension to the traditional celebration days of the gods: craftsmen, for example, congregated at the Roman sanctuary of Minerva on the Aventine on its
natalis templi …
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National research institutes
(30,121 words)
Tracy, Stephen [German version] I. The American School of Classical Studies (CT) Tracy, Stephen [German version] A. Founding and Building History (CT) Under the leadership of Charles Eliot Norton of Harvard University, scholars from nine American colleges assisted by a small group of influential businessmen established the American School of Classical Studies in Athens (ASCSA) in 1881. Their intention was to create a school where, in Norton's words, “young scholars might carry on the study of Greek thought and life …
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National scripts
(579 words)
[German version] This term for the Latin scripts which developed in western Europe between the fall of Rome in the 5th cent. AD and the appearance of Carolingian minuscule in the late 8th cent., was used for the first time by R. P. Tassin and Ch. F. Toustain in their ‘Nouveau traité de diplomatique’ (6 vols., Paris 1750-1765; here vol. 2, p. 481-482), but it goes back already to Jean Mabillon. The latter noted in his ‘De re diplomatica’ (1681; 21709, 45, 49, 343) that in addition to the old Roman script there are four types of early medieval Latin scripts: Gothic, Lombardic…
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National Socialism
(19,312 words)
Losemann, Volker (Marburg/Lahn) I. National Socialist Ideology and Classical Studies (CT) [German version] A. Introduction (CT) After initially discussing how some specifically National Socialist (NS) issues in several areas were affected by the interplay with Antiquity, we shall attempt to shed light on the political implications of the scholarly study of both ancient history in Germany and other areas of Classical Studies. As we look at individuals, institutions and concepts - in the universities and beyond -…
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Natiso
(85 words)
[German version] (Νατίσων;
Natís
ōn). River in Venetia (Ptol. 3,1,26) which rises in the Alpes Carnicae, flows below Forum Iulium (present-day Cividale), reaches the Turrus from the right (Plin. HN 3,126) and flows into the Laguna Veneta near Aquileia [1]. It protected the east walls of Aquileia and formed a canal port there (Str. 5,1,8). At the estuary the river is nowadays called Natissa (as in Iord. Get. 42), but Natisone and Torre in the interior regions. Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen 2, 229.
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Natural catastrophes
(1,050 words)
[German version] For the whole of antiquity there are numerous reports of natural catastrophes (NC). Especially in the eastern Mediterranean, but also in Italy, tectonic conditions resulted in an extraordinary susceptibility for frequently disastrous seismic activity (earthquakes and resulting tsunami, volcanic eruptions). The ancient perception was that phenomena such as storms, epidemics, rains of stones, comets (Cic. Nat. deor. 2,14) and solar and lunar eclipses (e.g. Plut. Nicias 23; Eclipses) were also in the category of NC. Earthquakes (cf. map) …
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Naturales liberi
(370 words)
[German version] (also known as
liberi naturales ). In Late Antiquity, ‘natural children’ were the issue of an illegitimate union (
concubinatus ). Compared to other children of illegitimate descent (
spurius ), they were privileged in many respects. Thus, the possibility of a legitimation, that is the eventual acquisition of the legal status of legitimate offspring (
legitimi), existed only for NL. In what was probably initially intended as an incentive to contract marriage with one's partner in concubinage, the parents' marriage brought about the ful…
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Natural Law
(3,710 words)
Lück, Heiner (Halle-Wittenberg RWG) [German version] A. General (CT) Natural law (NL) (
ius naturae,
ius naturale) is the measure, corrective, reason for the validity and permanent critique of positive law. It juxtaposes benchmarks derived from nature and the divine order for all creatures or rational beings with the universal behavioural rules imposed by rulers or the state. It constitutes the discrepancy between the actual state of the law or the constitution on the one hand and the ideal established by God o…
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Natural philosophy
(2,079 words)
[English version] The legacy of ancient natural philosophy (NP) unfolded its theoretical implications through the gradual mutual influences of the various sources of ancient thought on nature. For the concept of nature in Greek and Latin philosophy extended both to the phenomena of the visible world and to
physis as the guiding background on the metaphysical plane. It was formulated in the following main currents of thought in a way that were, to some extent, competitive: 1. In Plato's model of the
Timaeus, where both the action of a demiurge and a kind of numerical structure…
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Natural sciences
(43,372 words)
Lammel, Hans-Uwe I. The Concept of Nature (physis/natura) (CT) [German version] A. Antiquity (CT) By assuming the early Greek definition of essential being as 'being-that-has-become' [41; 19; 33; 55; 52], Aristotle had given precise expression to Greek
physis, which he conceived of as the becoming and essence of all existing matter that contains the origin of its motion within itself (Metaph. Δ 4). In addition to the material substrate, from which becoming was perceived as proceeding, the notions of shape and form (
morphḗ and
eídos) appeared as the goal (
télos) of natural becoming,…
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Nature, Natural philosophy
(3,656 words)
I. Greece [German version] A. Terminology In ancient Greek, the term
phýsis (φύσις, ‘nature’) is a
nomen actionis derived from the root *
bhu- (which probably implies the idea of coming into being, growth and development). It first of all denotes the state that results from the spontaneous development of a living being: hence the meanings of ‘size’, ‘stature’, or ‘appearance’, all of which point towards the more general meaning of ‘innate bodily characteristics’.
Phýsis is thus opposed to
téchnē (τέχνη, art), which refers to any competence acquired in various domains of human activity.
P…
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Nauarchos
(183 words)
[German version] (ναύαρχος;
naúarchos). Title of a Spartan naval commander, first evidence of use during the Persian Wars in 480 BC, when Sparta commanded the Greek forces, including the fleet, and the establishment of military offices became necessary. The first
naúarchos was Eurybiades (Hdt. 8,2; 8,42). The office of
nauarchía then only became significant again in the Peloponnesian War, where it appeared as a one-year office, which any Spartiate could hold only once; this stipulation could be evaded, however, by appointing a competent military commander, e.g. Lysander [1], as
epis…
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Naubolus
(88 words)
(Ναύβολος;
Naúbolos). [German version] [1] King of Tanagra Mythical king of Tanagra, son of Ornytus and Perinice, father of the Argonaut Iphitus (Apoll. Rhod. 1,207f.; cf. Hom. Il. 2,518; partly divergent Hyg. Fab. 14). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [2] Of Argus, father of an Argonaut N. of Argos, grandson of Proetus, great-grandson of Nauplius [2], father of the Argonaut Clytoneus (Apoll. Rhod. 1,135). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [3] Father of the Phaeacian Euryalus Father of the Phaeacian Euryalus (Hom. Od. 8,116). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel)
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Naucellius
(254 words)
[German version] [1] From Syracuse, poet, member of Symmachus' circle of friends, 4th cent. AD A poet with a knowledge of Greek and Latin literature, author and Roman senator from Syracuse, who (from about 310 AD until after 400), with Ausonius, was a member of the rhetor Q. Aurelius Symmachus' circle of friends. Like them, N. believed that for the continuation of traditional culture it was sufficient to continue the tradition of the classical heritage. He avoided any confrontation with Christianity. In his …
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Naucleidas
(65 words)
[German version] (Ναυκλείδας/
Naukleídas). Spartiate, son of Polybiades; as an ephor, he accompanied king Pausanias to Athens in 403 BC, and supported his policy of reconciling the hostile sides in the civil war, in defiance of the intent of Lysander [1], who in revenge later accused him of debauchery (Xen. Hell. 2,4,35-36; Agatharchidas FGrH 86 F 11 = Athen. 12,550 d-e). Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum)
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Naucrates
(247 words)
(Ναυκράτης;
Naukrát
ēs). [German version] [1] Of Erythrae, rhetor, 4th cent. BC Rhetor of the 4th cent. BC, of Erythrae [2] in Ionia, known almost solely by virtue of the fact that he was a student of Isocrates. He seems not only to have relied closely on his teacher linguistically and stylistically (Cic. De orat. 2,94), but also, like him, to have confined his activities particularly to the area of political journalism (an
epitáphios [2] is mentioned - probably a model funeral oration without a concrete occasion: Dion. Hal. Rhet. 6,1 - and a funeral oration presente…
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Naucratis
(398 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Egypt | Colonization | Education / Culture | Egypt (Ναύκρατις, äg.
Niwt-krṯ: Wiedergabe des griech. Namens;
Pr-mryt, ‘Hafenhaus’), h. Kom Geif im westl. Nildelta, lag in der Ant. am Ostufer des kanobischen Nilarms [5. 222; 6. 115f.]. Nach Hdt. 2,178 überließ Amasis [2] (570-526 v.Chr.) N. den Griechen, wohingegen arch. Funde eine griech. Präsenz seit ca. 625 v.Chr. belegen. Eine Gründung durch Miletos [2], wie sie eine bei Strab. 17,1,18 verarbeitete Trad. be…
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Naucydes
(242 words)
[German version] (Ναυκύδης;
Naukýdes). Bronze sculptor from Argos, son of Patrocles, teacher of Polyclitus and Alypus. The position of N. in Polyclitus's family tree is a matter of dispute; two sculptors of the same name are also postulated. Daedalus [2] and Periclytus are recorded as the brothers of N., the latter also as ‘Polyclitus’. Pliny gives N.'s prime as 400-397 BC. N. created several victor statues (after 448 BC). The most famous was a discobolus (discus thrower), which is commonly identified with the ‘discobolus at rest’ (Rom, VM), dating from
c. 400 BC, which survives …
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Naufragium
(345 words)
[German version] Latin term for shipwreck, but also for shipwrecked goods (Ulp. Dig. 47,9,12). According to Roman lawyers, maritime danger (‘danger of shipwreck’,
periculum maris) could exonerate for instance the borrower of a maritime loan (
f
enus nauticum ) from repayment and the seafarer from liability of compensation (
receptum nautarum ) (Dig. 4,9,3,1).
Ius naufragii used to indicate the widespread habit of appropriating flotsam. Different measures were taken against it: ban on appropriation of movables (Dig. 41,2,21,1); double compensation in …
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Naukleros
(290 words)
[German version] (ναύκληρος;
naúklēros). A
naúklēros was a ship-owner or also a captain conducting internal or overseas trade with his own or a leased ship (cf. Hdt. 1,5,2; 4,152,1; Xen. Oec. 8,12). He also offered other traders cargo space for sea transport; the
naúklēros was thus not always distinct from the
émporos . From the end of the 4th cent. BC, the
naúklēroi, who were predominantly foreigners, often formed their own associations, often cultic (Associations); trading societies with their own capital separate from the private wealth of participants …
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Naukraria, naukraros
(381 words)
[German version] (ναυκραρία/
naukraría, ναύκραρος/
naúkraros). In ancient times,
naukraría (pl.
naukraríai) denoted a subdivision of the Athenian citizenry;
naúkraros (pl.
naúkraroi) were the leaders of such subdivisions. The meaning of the terms is controversial. Generally, the
naúkraros was traditionally interpreted as ‘ship's captain’ (deriving from
naûs, ‘ship’), but other derivations are proposed, e.g. from
naós (‘temple’; [4. 56-72]; cf. [3. 153-175], [1. 11-16]) or from
naíein (‘live’); [5. 10]). However, none of these more recent interpretations is …
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Naulocha, Naulochus
(96 words)
[German version] (Ναύλοχοι/
Naúlochoi, Latin
Naulocha,
Naulochus). Anchorage on the north coast of Sicily between Mylae [2] and Messana, possibly near modern Spadafora (Imperial coins). In the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, there were probably links between N. and the Aeoli Insulae. N. was allied to Carthage in the 2nd Punic War (Sil. 14, 264). It was here, in 36 BC, that Agrippa defeated the fleet of S. Pompeius (Suet. Aug. 16,1; App. civ. 5,116-122). No epigraphical evidence. Salsano, Deborah (Catania) Bibliography E. Manni, Geografia fisica e politica della Sicilia antica, 1981, 209 BT…
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Naulochum
(182 words)
[German version] (Ναύλοχον/
Naúlochon). Port of the early Hellenistic new foundation of Priene (Plin. HN 5,113:
oppidum Naulochum), for which Scyl. 98 records two harbours, one of which was a λιμὴν κλειστός/
limḗn kleistós (‘closed harbour’). Because the edge of the delta of the river Maeander [2] had almost reached Priene in about 350 BC [1], N. must have been to the west of Priene. A dedicatory inscription to the heros Naolochos at the Gate of the Spring in Priene (IPriene 196) indicates that the road to N. probably left from…
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Naulochus
(127 words)
[German version] (Ναύλοχος/
Naúlochos). Small port on the western shore of the Black Sea (Pontos Euxeinos) beneath the southern slopes of the Haemus mountains, north of Mesambria [1], from where N. was probably founded at the turn of the 4th/3rd cents BC (Str. 7,6,1; 9,5,19; cf. also Plin. HN 4,45), modern Obzor. Mentioned as a port (ὅρμος ναυσί/
hórmos nausí), but without giving its name, in Arrian Peripl. p. eux. 36 and Anon. Peripl. m. eux. 81. The
mansio on the Mesambria - Philippopolis road was called Templum Iovis in the Roman period (Tab. Peut. 8,4), and Kozeakos i…
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Naumachia
(316 words)
[German version] (ναυμαχία;
naumachía, Latin
naumachia, ‘sea battle’). Since
munera (
munus ) were a product of Roman wars, it can be reconstructed that sea battles were also added to the programme. The expense required, however, made them rare occurrences: Caesar was the first to institute a
naumachia during his triumph in 46 BC; he had a basin dug just for the purpose on the Campus Martius in Rome and filled in again a little later. It is uncertain where the artificial lake was; the battle is called
proelium navale (‘ship battle’, Suet. Iul. 39,4) or
naumachia (ibid. 44,1; cf. Cass. Dio…
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Naumachius
(194 words)
[German version] (Ναυμάχιος;
Naumáchios). Author, otherwise unknown, of a hexametrical didactic poem (title unknown) addressing young women (παρθενικαί;
parthenikaí) on the correct conduct of life and marriage, composed mid-4th cent. AD. 73 hexameters are preserved in Stobaeus (4,22,32; 23,7; 31,76), in three complete sections, two from the chapter Γαμικὰ παραγγέλματα (‘Marriage advice), one from the chapter Περὶ πλούτου (‘On wealth). The three sections originally formed a complete unit (printed as such in [2]). …
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Naupactia
(244 words)
[German version] (Ναυπάκτια ἔπη/
Naupáktia ép
ē, also Ναυπακτικά/
Naupaktiká and Ναυπακτιακά/
Naupaktiaká). Early Greek genealogical epic of unknown authorship (about 20 citations by ‘the poet of the NE’ and ‘in the NE’; only once - Paus. 10,38,11, supposedly after Charon [3] of Lampsacus - by ‘the Naupactian Carcinus’), evidently composed in the 6th cent. BC, since already used by Pherecydes (about 500). What has been left (in [1]), are nine definitely attributed hexameters, as well as nine testimonies, mo…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Naupactus
(1,246 words)
This item can be found on the following maps: Aetolians, Aetolia | Achaeans, Achaea | Peloponnesian War (Ναύπακτος/
Naúpaktos, Latin
Naupactus). [German version] I. Location Coastal town in West Locris (Locrians [1]), about 9 km from the strait of Rhion and Antirrhion, protected by a promontory of the Rhigani mountains (cf. Scyl. 35; Str. 9,4,7; 10,2,3; Plin. HN 4,6; Ptol. 3,14). The plains to the east and west of N. were very fertile but exhausted by olive and grain cultivation. The
chṓra of Naupactus (
Naupaktía) included most of the coastal plain (Pol. 5,103,4) and ascended …
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Nauplia
(433 words)
(Ναυπλία/
Nauplía, Byzantine τὸ Ναύπλιον/
tò Naúplion or τὸ Ἀνάπλι/
tò Anápli, present-day Nafplio). [German version] I. Position Port on a rocky peninsula near the Kolpos Argolikos (Str. 8,2,2; Scyl. 49; 6,11; Ptol. 3,16,11) on the northern slope of the town’s mountain, Akronafplia (formerly Iç Kale, 85m high). Greater parts of the Hellenistic acropolis wall lie under the later Byzantine- Venetian- Turkish fort. It lies to the north-west of the Palamidi (215 m high) which is surmounted by a fortress built by the Venetians in 1711-1714. Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Olshausen, Eckart (Stutt…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Nauplius
(239 words)
(Ναύπλιος;
Naúplios). [German version] [1] Hero who founded Nauplia Son of Poseidon and Amymone. Born in Argos, he founded Nauplia (Paus. 2,38,2; 4,35,2) on the other side of the Gulf of Argolis. He was a famous sailor and represented the prototype of the slave-trading merchant captain. When Heracles seduces Auge [2] , her father Aleus [1] of Tegea, asks N. to either drown Auge or sell her. He sells her to Teuthras. Later the Cretan king Catreus asks him to sell his daughters Aërope and Clymene [5]. He s…
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Nauportus
(269 words)
[German version] [1] Vicus in Pannonia Superior
Vicus in Pannonia Superior (Tab. Peut. 5,1; Ναύπορτος/
Naúportos, Str. 4,6,10), modern Vrhnika (Ljubljana district, Slovenia). The Roman
vicus was established at the site of a Celtic settlement (Str. 7,5,2). Because of its location on the eponymous river and the Aquileia - Emona road, the settlement quickly prospered (Tac. Ann. 1,20,1:
municipii instar, ‘
as a municipium’). The area between N. and Emona was very important to commercial traffic from northern Italy to the middle Danube, where beyond Carnuntum …
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Naura
(75 words)
[German version] (Νάουρα/
Náoura). Port in the district of Limyrice, southern India (Peripl. m. r. 53). Because both here and in Ptol. 7,1,8f. the name is followed by Tyndis, Muziris and Nelkynda, in that order, N., as the northernmost of the cities, must correspond to the
Nitraíai empórion of Ptol. 7,1,7 (cf.
Nitriae in Plin. HN 6,26,104). The precise location of N. remains unknown. Karttunen, Klaus (Helsinki) Bibliography O. Stein, s.v. Νάουρα, RE 16, 2014f.
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Brill’s New Pauly