Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Ode
(555 words)
[German version] Late Latin loan word from the Greek ᾠδή/
ōidḗ (from ἀείδειν/
aeídein, later ᾄδειν/
áidein, 'to sing'), a general term for 'song' documented since the time of Homer in the uncontracted form ἀοιδή/
aoidḗ and common until late antiquity in the forms
ōidḗ and the late Latin
ode.
Aoidḗ was by nature neutral with respect to content and genre, hence it could be used for all types of song, e.g. the heroic song of the Aoidoi (Hom. Od. 1; 8) performed at meals to the accompaniment of the
phórminx (musical instruments V.), the didactic song (Hesiod), the song in praise of the go…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Odes, Metrical Composition of
(332 words)
[English version] The metrical composition of odes is about the attempt to set long and short syllables of ancient metrical verse to music in the ratio 2:1. Forerunners of metrical ode composition are found in Italy in the improvised ode recitations set to the accompaniment of the
lira da braccio (F. Niger,
Grammatica brevis, 1480) and in arrangements from Petrucci’s printed frottolas (e.g. B. Tromboncino,
Aspicias utinam). Ceremonial motets on texts of Humanist odes of praise by Dufay, Obrecht and Ockeghem also contain in part a composition which is metricall…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Odessus
(653 words)
This item can be found on the following maps: Pontos Euxeinos | Thraci, Thracia | | Commerce | Hellenistic states | Colonization | Apollo | Moesi, Moesia (Ὀδησσός;
Odēssós). [German version] I. Development up to the 3rd century AD Greek city on the western coast of the Pontos Euxeinos (Ptol. 3,10,8; 8,11,6), modern Varna (in Bulgaria); Milesian foundation (beginning of the 6th cent. BC; Ps.-Scymn. 748-750; Plin. HN 4,45; Colonization, with map and overview). Member of the Delian League (ATL 1, 116, 157, fr. 38 for 425 BC). After an u…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Odeum
(713 words)
[German version] (ᾠδεῖον/
ōideîon, Latin
odeum). A space for reciting songs and poetry. Pericles had a rectangular colonnaded hall built on the southern slope of the Acropolis in Athens (Plut. Pericles 13,5f.; Paus. 1,20,4; connected by Vitr. 5,9,1 with Themistocles), which was called
ōideîon. Its form was said to have been modelled on Xerxes' tent and was used for the musical
agones in the Panathenaea. After its destruction in 87 BC, it was rebuilt by Ariobarzanes Philopator of Cappadocia (65-52 BC). Only partly excavated; details of the reconstruction a…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Odius
(96 words)
(Ὀδίος/
Odíos, auch Ὁδίος/
Hodíos). [German version] [1] Herald of the Greeks at Troy Herald of the Greeks at Troy (Hom. Il. 9,170; of the Telamonian Ajax [1]: schol. Hom. Il. 2,96). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) [German version] [2] Leader of the Halizons at Troy Together with Epistrophus (in Dictys 2,35 both are sons of Minuus) leader before Troy of the Halizons from the Bithynian Alybe (Hom. Il. 2,856f.; Str. 12,3,20ff.; Apollod. Epit. 3,35), fought on the Trojans' side and was killed by Agamemnon (Hom. Il. 5,38-42). On the name: Arr. FGrH 156 F 98. Antoni, Silke (Kiel)
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Odoacer
(521 words)
[German version]
Rex in Italy AD 476-493. Son of Edeco, brother of Onulf, probably born in 433 (cf. Iohannes Antiochenus, FHG 4, p. 617, fr. 209,1). O.'s family came from the circles around the court of Attila, and so it is hard to determine to which tribe they belonged [5. 124]. The number and identity of O.'s siblings is also a matter of debate ([4];
contra [2]). After the disintegration of Attila's empire (454) O.'s father and Onulf led the Sciri until 469. O.'s whereabouts during this period are uncertain; his identification with O., the leader of the Saxons, ([4. 347f.],
c. 463-469 in Ga…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Odomanti
(111 words)
[German version] (Ὀδόμαντοι;
Odómantoi). Thracian tribe on the east bank of the lower Strymon at the western foot of Pangaeum (Str. 7a,1,36) in the area of modern Serres (northern Greece). The O. were involved in exploiting the gold mines there (Hdt. 7,112; Thuc. 2,101,3). Megabazus [1], commander of the forces of Darius, failed to subject the O. in 512 BC (Hdt. 5,16). A king of the O., Polles, provided a mercenary force to the Spartans in 425 BC (Thuc. 5,6,2). They were conquered by the Macedonians after 424 BC. von Bredow, Iris (Bietigheim-Bissingen) Bibliography Chr. Danov, Altthrakien…
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Odotheus
(60 words)
[German version] Chief of the Greuthungi, who crossed the Danube in AD 386, but were defeated (Zos. 4,35,1; 38f.; Claud. Carm. 8,623-633). O. was killed and the surviving Greuthungi were settled in Phrygia by Theodosius I (cf. Chron. min. 1,244). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography PLRE 1, 639 P. Heather, Goths and Huns, in: CAH 13, 1998, 502; 512 n. 42.
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Odrysae
(476 words)
[German version] (Ὀδρῦσαι;
Odrỹsai). Thracian tribe in the eastern part of the Rhodope Mountains and on the lower reaches of the Tonzus (modern Tundža) as far as Cabyle (Hdt. 4,92). At the beginning of the 5th cent. BC, a kingdom was founded by Teres with the O.'s help. (Thuc. 2,29,2f.). He expanded their settlement area in the north to the Ister [2], in the south to the river Agrianes (also called Erginus). His successors were his sons Spartacus (until about 440: Thuc. 2,101,5) and Sitalces, who e…
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Odysseus
(2,574 words)
(Ὀδυσσεύς, Latin
Ulixes, Etruscan
utuze). [German version] I. Mythology Son of Laertes and Anticlea, husband of Penelope, father of Telemachus. One of the central figures of Greek mythology; in Homer's
Odyssey, the focus of a major Archaic epic. This fact alone indicates the significance of the figure of O., which contrasts with the other figures of Greek heroic myth through the emphasis on special intellectual abilities. Thus, he represents an archetype in the history of European thought; his presence in later literature a…
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Oe
(72 words)
[German version] (Ὀή/
Oḗ, Οἴη/
Oíē; demotikon Ὀῆθεν/
Oêthen; Οἰῆθεν/
Oiêthen [1]). Attic paralia deme, phyle of Oineis, with six (or seven)
bouleutaí; probably location in Thriasia to the northeast of Aspropirgos, cf. Soph. OC 1059ff. Lohmann, Hans (Bochum) Bibliography
1 S. Dow, The Attic Demes Oa and Oe, in: AJPh 84, 1963, 166-181. Traill, Attica, 19, 49, 67, 111 nr. 92, table 6 J.S. Traill, Demos and Trittys, 1986, 57, 134 Whitehead, Index s.v. O.
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Oea
(319 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Africa | | Coloniae | Africa | Commerce | Phoenicians, Poeni (neo-Punic
Wjt). City on the coast of Africa Tripolitania between Sabratha and Leptis Magna, modern Tripoli. Evidence: Mela 1,37; Plin. HN 5,27; 38; Sil. Pun. 3,257; Ptol. Geog. 4,3,12 (Ἐῶα;
Eôa); It. Ant. 62,2 (
Ocea colonia); Tab. Peut. 7,3 (
Osa colonia); Stadiasmus maris magni 98f. (GGM 1,463f.). Probably a Phoenician foundation [1. 36, 74]. Colonists from Africa and Sicily participated in the later expansion of the city (Sil. Pun.…
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Oeagrus
(86 words)
[German version] (Οἴαγρος/
Oíagros). Father of the singer Orpheus (Pind. fr. 128c,11f.; Pl. Symp. 179d; Diod. Sic. 3,65,6; 4,25,2 etc.). The Muse Calliope [1] is usually said to be the mother of Orpheus (Apollod. 1,14; Apoll. Rhod. 1,23ff. with schol.); variants are Polyhymnia (schol. Apoll. Rhod. l.c.) and Cleio. O's homeland was Thracia, where Orpheus has also been localized. The parents of O. were Methone and Pierus (Charax FHG 3 fr. 20) or Charops [2], to whom Dionysus gave Thracia (Diod. 3,65). Frey, Alexandra (Basle)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Oeanthea
(237 words)
[German version] (Οἰανθέα/
Oìanthéa, Οἰάνθεια/
Oiántheia, Εὐάνθεια/
Euántheia, Latin
Oianthe). Town in western Locris (Locri, Locris [1]) near the modern Vitrinitsa on the Gulf of Krisa like its neighbour Chaleum (modern Galaxidi). Earliest evidence: a metrical funerary inscription (? 625-600 BC: IG IX,1, 867; SGDI 3188; Tod 1, 4) for a
próxenos from Corcyra, and an agreement on judicial assistance with Chaleum (450 or later: IG IX 12, 717; Tod 1, 34; StV 2, 146 [2]). In the Peloponnesian War in 426 BC, Spartan troops under Eurylochus [2] marched through O. wi…
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Oeax
(144 words)
[German version] (Οἴαξ/
Oiax, Latin
Oeax, 'helm'). Son of Nauplius [1] and Clymene [5] (also Philyra or Hesione [2]: Apollod. 2,23), brother of Palamedes and Nausimedon (Apollod. 2,23; 3,15; schol. Eur. Or. 432; Dictys 1,1). Marched with Palamedes to Troy (Philostr. Heroicus 10,10, p. 183 Kayser), where, after the stoning of Palamedes, he etched an account of his brother's fate onto the blades of a rudder and threw them into the sea (schol. Aristoph. Thesm. 771, following Eur. Palamedes); Suda s.v. Π…
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Oebalus
(107 words)
(Οἴβαλος/
Oíbalos, Latin
Oebalus). [German version] [1] Spartan king Mythical king of Sparta, son of Cynortas or his son Perieres, husband of Perseus's daughter Gorgophone; she, or the Naiad Batea, is the mother of their children Tyndareos, Hippocoon and Icarius [1] (various versions in Apollod. 3,116f.; Paus. 3,1,3ff.; schol. Eur. Or. 457 et al.) [1]. Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [2] Italic hero Italic hero, son of king Telon of the Teleboae and the nymph Sebethis; mythical ruler of Capreae; ally of Turnus against Aeneas [1] (Verg. Aen. 7,733ff. w…
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Oechalia
(347 words)
(Οἰχαλία;
Oichalía). [German version] [1] Mythical place in Homer, Catalogue of the Pylians Mythical place in Homer, in the Catalogue of the Pylians (Hom. Il. 2,594ff.). According to the narrative context, O. must be located in north western Messenia. It was from O. that the Thracian singer Thamyris came to Dorium, where the Muses robbed him of his gift of song. Homer's interpreters equate O. with Andania (Str. 8,3,6; 8,4,5; Plin. HN 4,15; Paus. 4,2,2f.). Pherecydes (FGrH 3 F 82a) assumed that O. was 'somewh…
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Oechalias halosis
(170 words)
[German version] (Οἰχαλίας ἅλωσις/
Oichalías hálōsis, “The capture of Oechalia”). Lost early Greek epos of the Heracles epics, relating the conquest of the city of Oechalia (probably [3]) by Heracles (= point of departure for Soph. Trach.). 1 fragment (Heracles speaks to Iole) and 3 attestations (= fr. 2-3 in [1] and [2]) survive, which admittedly are only about the correct localisation of the city and the number of children of its royal couple, Eurytus [1] and Antioche (or Antiope). Ascribed either …
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