Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Scupi
(504 words)
This item can be found on the following maps: | Coloniae | Hellenistic states | Hellenistic states | Macedonia, Macedones | Moesi, Moesia | Rome (Σκοῦποι/
Skoûpoi, Lat.
Scupi). [German version] I. Location, Roman Period City of the Illyrian Dardani [4] on the Axius, on the road from Stobi to Naissus (Ptol. 3,9,6; 8,11,5;
Scunis, Tab. Peut. 7,4; Hierocles, Synecdemos 655,8), 5 km northwest of present-day Skopje. S. was a Roman
colonia beginning in the Flavian Period (AD 69-96; ILS 2461), fortified under Hadrianus (ILS 3860). As evidenced by veteran inscriptions, S.…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scylax
(311 words)
(Σκύλαξ;
Skýlax). [German version] [1] From Caryanda, explorer 519/18 BC S. from Caryanda. Discoverer of shipping routes and geographer, in 519/512 BC [5. 78] in the service of Darius [1], he sailed down the Indus [1] from Caspapyrus to the Indian coast, then - rounding the Arabian peninsula for the first time - through the Erythra Thalatta [1] to modern Suez (Hdt. 4,44) in 30 months [1. vol. 1, 33, 52 f.; 1. vol. 2, 14 f.; 2. 622 f.]. S. wrote about Heraclides of Mylasa (Suda s.v. Σ.), and therefore died after 480 BC ([2. 634 f.]). Seven fragments on India (FGrH 709) are ascribed to his
Pe…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scyles
(114 words)
[German version] (Σκύλης/
Ský
l
ēs). Scythian King around the mid 5th cent. BC, son of a Greek woman from Istros and of Ariapeithes whose realm he inherited. However, due to his Greek way of life, S. was forced to flee to Sitalces [1] who turned him over to S.' half-brother Octamasades, who had S. put to death (Hdt. 4,78-80). The name of S. has been transmitted on a gold ring. Several bronze emissions from Niconia are attributed to S. Peter, Ulrike (Berlin) Bibliography V. A. Anochin, Die Münzen der skythischen Könige, in: Hamburger Beitrage zur Archäologie 18, 1991, 141-150 (esp. 142-144) F.…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scylla
(385 words)
(Σκύλλα/
Skýlla, Σκύλλη/
Skýllē, Lat.
Scylla). [German version] [1] Sea monster Sea monster, daughter of Crataeis or Hecate and Phorcys; originally a young woman, transformed by Circe, Amphitrite or Poseidon into a monster (Hom. Od. 12,73-92; Anaxilas fr. 22,4 PCG 2; Verg. Ecl. 6,74-77; Verg. Aen. 3,426-432; Isid. Orig. 11,3,32; Them. Or. 22,279b-d compares the various depictions) out of jealousy when she was wooed by Glaucus [1] (Ov. Met. 13,900-968; 14,1-74; Hyg. Fab. 199). S. lived in a cave opposite Ch…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scyllaeum
(58 words)
[German version] (Σκύλλαιον;
Skýllaion). Promontory in the extreme east of Argolis between Hermione and Troezen (Str. 8,5,1; Paus. 2,39,7; Plin. HN 4,17; Ptol. 3,16,11: Σκύλαιον; Mela 2,49,50; Thuc. 5,53), modern Cape Skyli. 3 km to the west at modern Phurkaria there is a Mycenaean and Hellenistic-Roman settlement. Tausend, Sabine Bibliography N. Pharaklas, Ancient Greek Cities, vol.. 10, 1972, app. 2, 2.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scylletium
(161 words)
[German version] (Σκυλλήτιον/
Skyllḗtion, Σκυλλάκιον/
Skyllákion, Latin
Scolacium). City on the east coast of Bruttia on the gulf named after it (
kólpos Skyllētikós; [1. 63]; today still Golfo di Squillace); ground plan of the Roman city and building foundations from the 1st/2nd cent. AD near modern Roccelletta di Borgia. In ancient tradition S. was seen as the northernmost place in
Italía (Antiochos FGrH 555 F 5; Aristot. Pol. 1329b 13 f.; Str. 6,1,4). S. (founded in the second half of the 6th cent. BC) was at first dependent on Croton, then on Locri …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scymnus
(282 words)
(Σκύμνος;
Skýmnos). [German version] [1] Author of a periegesis of Asia and Europe, 2nd cent. BC Probably a son of Apelles from Chios, who in 185/4 BC became a Delphic
próxenos (
Proxenía ; Syll.4 585, 86) [1. 661]. In conjunction with Hecataeus [3] [1. 671 f.] he wrote a periegesis (
Periēgḗtēs ) of Asia and of Europe with the Outer Sea in many books. The nine surviving fragments [1. 664-671] also show an interest in history, i.e. in the foundings of cities (fr. 3 and 8) and sanctuaries (fr. 1), in mythology (fr. 5) and vegetation (fr. 9 on Britain after Pytheas [4] [1. 670]). Gärtner, Hans Ar…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scyphates
(209 words)
[German version] A modern term derived from Greek σκύφος/
skýphos, 'cup', for a late Byzantine dish-shaped coin. In the course of the 11th cent. AD - after initial mintings under Michael IV (1034-1041) - under Constantine IX (1042-1055) Byzantine gold coins (
histámena) increasingly took on this form and towards the end of the 11th cent. gold coins were minted exclusively as scyphates [1; 2]. This type was retained well into the Palaeologan period (from mid 13th cent.) [3]. As well as those made of gold, there were also scyphates made of elektron, silver and copper [1; 3]. Eastern Celtic t…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scyros
(208 words)
[German version] (Σκῦρος;
Skŷros). Infertile island (limestone, slate, the Breccia marble popular in the Roman Imperial period) with many bays, to the east of Euboea [1] (202 km2; Str. 2,5,21; 9,5,16; Ptol. 3,13,47; Plin. HN 4,69; 72), rising in the south to 792 m, surrounded by several islets. The island was settled from the Mesolithic onwards (e.g. finds on Achilli Bay), in the Neolithic it was a staging post for trade in obsidian from Melos to the northern Aegaean (Aigaion Pelagos). The ancient polis of S., on the sit…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scythae
(3,516 words)
(Σκύθαι/
Skýthai). I. Archaeology and culture [German version] A. Introduction; heartlands Economic systems with a strong nomadic element developed from Mongolia in the east to the Carpathian Alps in the west during the 1st millennium BC. This led to the emergence of a characteristic material culture with defining features of striking similarity across great distances. As far as is known so far, armed warriors on horseback can be assumed to have emerged in eastern Europe in the second quarter of the 2nd mi…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scythe
(193 words)
[German version] The scythe (
falx faenaria; Greek: χορτοδρέπανον/
chortodrépanon) was regarded in Antiquity as a kind of sickle and distinguished from it terminologically only by means of an adjective. Its use remained limited to Italy and the northern and western parts of the ancient world; in Greece, by contrast, it was unknown in Antiquity. Scythes were used for mowing grass and hay (Varro Rust. 1,49,1). Plinius distinguishes a shorter Italian type and a longer Gaulish one (Plin. HN 18,261: “falcium …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scythes
(206 words)
(Σκύθης). [German version] [1] Son of Heracles Third son of Heracles [1] (or Zeus: Diod. 2,43,3) and Echidna, brother of Agathyrsus and Gelonus [1]. Is the only son able to accomplish the task, set by his father, of drawing his bow and putting on his belt, and so becomes the king of Hylaea and the eponym of the Scythae (Hdt. 4,8-10; Steph. Byz. s. v. Σκύθαι; IG 1293 A 95 f.; cf. Sen. Herc. f. 533; Sen. Herc. Oetaeus 157). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography
1 A. Nercessian, s. v. S. (1), LIMC 7.1, 794. [German version] [2] Tyrant of Cos, c. 500 BC Tyrant of Cos
c. 500 BC; in 494/3 he handed his…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scythians
(173 words)
[German version] [1] See Scythae See Scythae. Rhodes, Peter J. (Durham) [German version] [2] Group of slaves in Athens, c. 400 BC In late 5th and early 4th cent. BC Athens used a body of Scythian archers as public slaves (Demosioi) who were to keep order at the meetings of the Council and Assembly (e.g. Aristoph. Ach. 54; Equ. 665). They were also called
Speusínioi after their alleged founder Speusinus (Suda, s.v. τoξóται; Poll. 8,132). A force of 300 was bought in the mid 5th cent. (And. Or. 3,5 = Aeschin. Leg. 173). According to the lexica they lived on th…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Scythinus
(124 words)
[German version] (Σκυθῖνος;
Skythînos). iambic poet from Teos (Steph. Byz. s. v. Τέως), perhaps 5th or 4th century B.C. S. composed a poem expounding Heraclitus' [1] philosophy (cited in Diog. Laert. 9,16 = fr. 46 Wehrli), perhaps entitled
On Nature (περὶ φύσεως), as in the lemma of Stob. 1,8,43 citing fr. 2 W. on 'time', either in prose or in corrupted trochaic tetrameters [1], the metre of S.' two lines about Apollo's lyre cited Plut. de Pyth. or. 16,402a. Ath. 11,461e cites an account of Herakles' conquests from an apparently prose ‘
historía’ (FGrH 13 F 1). Iambographers Bowie, Ewen (O…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sea
(630 words)
[German version] The world inhabited by Graeco-Roman Antiquity was essentially determined by its geographical centre, the Mare Nostrum and the large adjacent seas, the Ionios Kolpos, the Aigaion Pelagos, and the Pontos Euxeinos; the peripheral seas - Mare Germanicum, Mare Suebicum, Caspian Sea, Erythra Thalatta and the adjacent seas Arabios Kolpos (the modern Red Sea), the Persian Gulf, and the Oceanus - formed fundamentally different worlds (particularly the Persian Gulf at the time of the Near E…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sea gods
(1,210 words)
[German version] A. Overview The modern category of sea gods has no direct ancient equivalent. This does not automatically make it unusable, but it is inadequate as an attempt to classify and systematize religious organisations in order to understand ancient polytheistic systems (Polytheism). Moreover, scholars tend to concentrate on Greek deities, while possible Roman equivalents are viewed as secondary and derived from Greek gods; therefore they are frequently denied independent discussion. Phillips, C. Robert III. (Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) [German version] B. Greek The mo…
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Brill’s New Pauly