Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Yahweh
(936 words)
Name of the God of the Israelites and Judaeans, and after the collapse of these states (722/720 and 586/582 BC), of the God of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament). [German version] A. Name The Old Testament gives only the consonants of the god's name (
Yhwh; epigraphically attested from the 9th cent. BC), its pronunciation is a taboo in Rabbinic Judaism.
Yhwh is usually read as 'Lord',
adōnāy, hence the Κύριος (
kýrios) of LXX as well as the erroneous 'Jehovah', in which the consonants of the written
Yhwh are provided with the vowels of the read
adōnāy. The pronounciation *
Yahwē is based on t…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Yamunā
(80 words)
[German version] The largest tributary of the Ganges;
Iomanes in Arr. Ind. 8,5 (Ἰωμάνης/
Iōmánēs, Var. Ἰωβάρης/
Iōbárēs) and Plin. HN 6,21,63; 6,22,69; 6,23,73; Διαμούνας/
Diamoúnas in Ptol. 7,1,29 (probably from Prakrit
Jamunā), perhaps identical to the Οἰδάνης/
Oidánēs of Artemidorus (in Str. 15,1,72). The river rises in the western Himalayas and joins with the Ganges at Allahabad. Between the Y. in the west and the Ganges in the east is the Doab, the ancient heartland of Aryan India. Karttunen, Klaus (Helsinki)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Yaṯrib
(160 words)
(Qurʾan 33,13; Ἰάθριππα/
Iáthrippa in Steph. Byz. 321,13; corrupted as Λαθρίππα/
Lathríppa in Ptol. 6,7,31), modern Medina. [German version] I. Pre-Islamic period Ancient oasis settlement of economic significance in western central Arabia on the Incense Road. The Babylonian king Nabonidus set out from Tayma
c. 550 BC on campaigns in the course of which he also conquered Y. Y. is mentioned in 3rd-cent. BC name lists in the Minaean capital Qarnāwu (Minaei). From the 1st century AD until the advent of Islam, there were powerful Judaeo-Arabian tribes in Y. Müller, Walter W. (Marburg…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Yavana
(129 words)
[German version] (Old Indian; Early Middle Indian
yona,
yonaka; later also
joṉa). The Indian name for the Greeks (most likely from Old Persian
yauna) originally described the Iones. The earliest records are from about the 4th and 3rd centuries BC (in the grammarian Pāṉini and king Aśoka), hence in the
Mahābhārata it may have been a term for the Indo-Greeks. Later the name receives a more general significance as a term for more distant neighbours, and from about the 7th cent. AD it was used as a name for Arabs and Moslems. In the Tamil literature of southern India,
Yavanar is found as a term f…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Yazdgird
(454 words)
(Isdigerdes). [German version] [1] Y. I Persian great king 399-420/1. His rule represents a high point of good relations with the Roman East (otherwise: Claud. in Eutropium 2,475f.). This was expressed e.g. in the dying Arcadius' [1] request of Y. to take on the guardianship of his under-age son Theodosius [3] II (Procop. Pers 1,2,7-10; Theophanes A. 5900; uncertainty in Agathias 4,26,3-7), but, above all, Y. appeared so tolerant to Christians that Western accounts even ascribe to him the intention of…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Yazılıkaya
(171 words)
[German version] Hittite rock sanctuary (dated to
c. 1260 BC), about 2 km to the northeast of the capital Ḫattusa. In a limestone layer – accessible from the outside by means of a cleft – there are two naturally formed main chambers and two side chambers, whose vertical rock walls are covered in reliefs. In front of the opening there were several buildings, serving as an entrance area for the sanctuary proper in the upwardly open rock chambers. In the centre of the depiction on the northern wall of Cha…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Yaz Tepe
(159 words)
[German version] (Yaz Depe). Settlement remains on the upper reaches of the Murgab (southeastern Turkmenistan), 34 km north-northwest of Bajram Ali. Excavations show an Iron Age sequence Yaz I to III of strata with characteristic pottery (including some painted, from Yaz I), buildings with storehouses, and a citadel [1]. According to a recent carbon dating [2], Yaz I and analogous finds in other parts of southern central Asia date to 1512-1309 BC; the demarcation and cultural categorisation of the…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Year of four emperors
(516 words)
[German version] Modern term for the year AD 69, in which four emperors – some at the same time, some in swift succession – ruled the Roman Empire (Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian), and in the broader sense for the period between Iulius [II 150] Vindex's revolt against Nero (beginning of AD 68) in Gaul and the elevation to emperor of Vespasian (1 July 69 in Egypt, 3 July 69 in Syria) or its recognition by the Senate in Rome (21/22 December 69). Galba [2], from an ancient patrician family, sided with Iulius Vindex's rebellion, was proclaimed empe…
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Brill’s New Pauly