Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Bostar
(180 words)
(
Bdstart; Βώσταρ;
Bṓstar i.a.). [German version] [1] Cartaginian strategos in 1st Punic War Carthaginian
strategos in the 1st Punic War; he shared command with Hasdrubal and Hamilcar in 256 BC against M. Atilius Regulus, fell prisoner to the Romans at the battle of Adis and died in Rome (Pol. 1,30; Diod. Sic. 24,12) [1.20]. Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) [German version] [2] Carhaginian sub-commander in 2nd Punic War Carthaginian sub-commander in Spain in the 2nd Punic War; in 217 he fell back from the Romans to Saguntum, where he let himself be duped into r…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Boston, Museum of Fine Arts
(1,315 words)
Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] A. Institution (CT) The organization responsible of the Museum of Fine Arts (MFA), which was founded in 1870, is a private foundation (address: MFA, 465 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5523, USA). Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] B. History of the collection (CT) Together with the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and others, the MFA is one of the pioneering American museum institutions of the 19th cent. The Museum was founded on February 4, 1870, and its opening in the building on Copley Square…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Bostra
(336 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Sassanids | Syria | Theatre | Christianity | Zenobia | | Coloniae | Legio | Limes Small town on the southern edge of the Syrian basalt desert (Ḥaurān). The modern name Buṣrā corresponds with the Nabataean and Palmyrenian version BṢR (‘fortress’). B. was a settlement from the early Bronze Age and, in the 2nd. millennium BC, had close relations with Egypt because of its role as a caravanserai and a staging-post on the road to northern Syria and to the Red Sea (…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Botany
(2,434 words)
Hünemörder, Christian (Hamburg) [German version] A. Introduction (CT) The term was introduced as early as 1663 by Schorer as
Botanic oder Kräuterwissenschaft (botany or herbal science), following
botanik-́e (sc.
epist-́emē) and Neo-Latin
botanica (sc.
scientia) [32] and is encountered in the limited sense of a plant system in 1694 in the title of the
Elemens de Botanique by Joseph Pitton de Tournefort. Only in the 19th cent. did botany gain the comprehensive meaning of all scientific disciplines involving plants [29]. Before this, botany can only be spoken of in a very limited way. Hüne…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Botres
(76 words)
[German version] (Βότρης;
Bótrēs). Son of the Theban Eumelus. When the latter, in B.'s presence, is about to sacrifice a sheep to Apollo, B. eats the animal's brains before it is placed on the altar. Thereupon his father strikes him with a firebrand. Apollo, however, takes pity on him and turns him into the bird, Aeropus (Bee-eater), which broods in an underground nest and continually seeks to fly (Ant. Lib. 18). Bloch, René (Berne)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Botrys
(106 words)
[German version] (Bότρυς;
Bótrys) Greek name of a coastal town south-west of Tripoli (Lebanon), now Batrun; mentioned several times, as Batruna, in the Amarna letters (middle of the 14th cent. BC), it was under strong economic and political Egyptian influence; a topographical list of Ramses II names place names of the area of B., Pol. 5,68 mentions B. as involved in Antiochus III's battles with Egypt (218 BC). B. also appears in later ancient transmission, where Str. 16,2,18 refers to B.'s being…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Bottice
(250 words)
[German version] (Βοττική;
Bottikḗ). Region on the western coast of the Chalcidice peninsula, named after the inhabitants of the Macedonian Bottiaea, driven out of their homeland in around 600 BC, with several towns, of which only Olynthus (lost to the Chalcidicians in 479 BC) has been localized with certainty. In the Athenian League, Spartolus, as the most important town of the B., represented the tribal federation, and from 434/3 BC, further Bottiaean towns are registered in the Athenian tribute …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Boudicca
(183 words)
[German version] British ruler, widow of Prasutagus, client king of the Iceni. In AD 60 [1. 56] B. led a bloody revolt (Tac. Ann. 14,31ff.; Agr. 15f.; Cass. Dio Epit. 62,1ff.) against Rome, devastated the Colonia Camulodunum and the cities of Verulamium and Londinium. The legate of the ninth legion, Q. Petillius Cerialis, suffered a severe defeat. The cause of the revolt was the ill-considered behaviour of the procurator, Decianus Catus, who after Prasutagus' death harshly confiscated the prope…
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Brill’s New Pauly
B(o)ugenes
(79 words)
[German version] (Βουγενής;
Bougenḗs). Under this name, which refers to the idea of Dionysus as ‘born of a cow’, the god was proclaimed by the Argives from the Alcyonian Lake near Lerna to the resounding of trumpets (Paus. 2,37,5f.). In addition, a lamb was lowered into the water for the doorkeeper, Pylaochus. Plutarch's report (Is. 35 p. 364f.) is based on Socrates of Argos. Bloch, René (Berne) Bibliography G. Casadio, Storia del culto di Dioniso in Argolide, 1994, 223-251.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Boukoloi
(280 words)
[German version] (Βουκόλοι;
Boukóloi). Male members of Dionysian communities with different tasks, including dance (Lucian. Saltatione 79; schol. Lycoph. 212). The term relates to 1. shepherds in mythical stories who have been converted to servants of the god by witnessing a miracle (Eur. Bacch. 660-774); 2. the transformation of Dionysus from human to animal form, especially as a bull (idem 616-22; Plut. Quaest. Graec. 299b) [1]. The place associated with mythical shepherds is the mountains, the c…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Bou Kornein
(101 words)
[German version] The
c. 550 m high massif over the eastern shore of the bay of Tunis holds between its two distinctive peaks (Verg. Aen. 1,162f.
vastae rupes geminique minantur [1]) an important sanctuary of
Saturnus Balcaranensis (Punic Baal Qarnēm, ‘Baal of the two horns’), from the Roman imperial period but based on Punic tradition. Picture-steles (
c. 600 preserved) of dedication basically belong to two different groups: either popular-‘neo-Punic’ with symbolic pictures or conventional Roman sacrificial scenes. Niemeyer, Hans Georg (Hamburg) Bibliography
1 H. G. Niemeye…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Boule
(1,326 words)
(Βουλή;
Boulḗ)
. [German version] A. General In Greek communities the
boule was a council assembly, usually that responsible for current public duties, which also had to prepare the work of the public assembly (
ekklēsía ). Composition and responsibilities could change according to the respective form of constitution. In Homeric times the council consisted of nobles convened by the king as advisors; in oligarchically organized communities the
boule could become a relatively powerful body, compared with a comparatively weak public assembly, by restricting eligi…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Bouletée script
(162 words)
[German version] Manneristic style of writing Greek minuscules (also termed ‘Church Fathers' style’ because of the main texts in which it was used [1]) in the 10th cent. (913/4-983/4 on the dated examples), characterized in particular by buttonhole-shaped and knotty thickening of ascenders and in many of the small letters. The normally vertical and broadly executed script shows a strong tendency to bilinearism, with shortened ascenders and descenders; the round letters are given a squarish shape. …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Bouleutai
(10 words)
(βουλευταί;
bouleutaí). Members of Greek council assemblies ( Boule).
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Brill’s New Pauly
Bouleuterion
(45 words)
[German version] Building where the boule met. Attestable from the archaic period, from the 4th cent. BC the bouleuterion was regularly one of the public buildings at or in the vicinity of the agora. On function and construction assembly buildings. Eder, Walter (Berlin)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Boundaries
(1,694 words)
(ὅρος/
hóros, μεθορία/
methoría; Latin
finis,
limes). [German version] I. Subjective and objective frontier perception The earliest evidence for the perception of the topographical dimensions of frontier zones predates the concept of the state. In Greece, differences in burial rites, cults of the dead and of heroes and the territorial distribution of crafted goods since the Iron Age point to actions motivated socially and subjectively, defining ethnically coherent communities or peoples as distinct from others…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Bouphonia
(286 words)
[German version] (βουφόνια;
bouphónia). In the Athenian Dipoleia, the ox that first eats of the sacrificial grain is sacrificed because it has desecrated the gift for the god (Porphyr. Abst. 2,28-30; this probably goes back to Theophrastus [5]; Paus 1,24,4). The slaughterer -- a hereditary office of the Thaulon family [3. 161] -- kills the animal for this reason and then flees. In the myth the Delphic oracle orders that the fleeing slaughterer, the farmer Sopater, be brought back and that he repeat…
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Brill’s New Pauly