Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Caliph
(189 words)
[German version] (
ḫalı̄fa). ‘Successor’, ‘representative’, elliptical for ‘successor of the Prophet’ Muhammad, since the Umayyads (661-750; contested, perhaps even earlier) ‘representative of Allah’. The following caliphs were regarded as ‘rightfully appointed’ (by election; Muhammad did not leave any regulations): Abu Bakr (632-634), Omar (634-644), who was the first to also hold the title ‘ruler of the believers’, Othman (644-656), and Ali (656-661). Since the Umayyads, we find hereditary succession. The postulates of the Abbasids (750-1258) required that the caliph stem from the family of the Prophet. The caliph was in charge of political, military, administrative, legal and religious functions, the latter also being indicated by the Shiite title ‘Imam’ (which is later also used by Sunnites). Beginning in the 10th cent., caliphs appointed delegates: emirs, later sultans -- a process which gradually led to the weakening and disintegration of the caliphate. At the same time, a caliph established himself in al-Andalus (Spain). The caliphate was not officially abolished unt…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Callaeschrus
(52 words)
[German version] (Κάλλαισχρος;
Kállaischros). Son of Critias, Athenian, born about 490 BC, grand-nephew of Solon and father of the sophist Critias (Diog. Laert. 3,1; Pl. Chrm. 153c; Pl. Prt. 316a). C. is possibly identical with an oligarch of the same name in 411 (Lys. 12,66). Bec…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Callas
(43 words)
[German version] (Κάλλας;
Kállas). River on the northern coast of Euboea [1] near Histiaea-Oreos, probably identical with the modern Xerias or Xeropotamos (Str. 10,1,4). Kalcyk, Hansjörg (Petershausen) Bibliography F. Geyer, Top. und Gesch. der Insel Euboia 1, 1903, 9, 82 Philippson/Kirsten 1, 574f.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Callatis
(276 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Pontos Euxeinos | Thraci, Thracia | | Hellenistic states | Colonization | Moesi, Moesia | Patricius (Κάλλατις;
Kállatis). Port town on the western coast of the Pontus Euxinus, modern Mangalia in Romania, founded at the end of the 6th cent. BC by Heraclea [7] Pontica. The economic boom of the town was originally brought about by the agricultural production from its surrounding area; C. was of less im…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Calleas
(80 words)
[German version] (Καλλέας;
Kalléas) of Argos. Otherwise unknown composer of a sympotic epigram (Anth. Pal. 11,232) based on the saying: ‘wine reveals one's character’, a version of the old saying
in vino veritas (cf. Alcaeus fr. 333 Voigt; Thgn. 500; Aesch. fr. 393 Radt etc.). The very rare compound λυσσομανής (‘raging’, v. 2) was probably …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Calleva Atrebatum
(135 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Britannia | Britannia (modern Silchester). An Iron Age
oppidum, main centre of the Atrebates [2], it developed from 100 BC into a significant political centre. Through its links with Commius, the settlement boomed in the mid 1st cent. BC. It is likely that, after AD 43, Calleva Atrebatum (CA) was incorporated into Cogidubnus' empire. The early Roman town was established within the Iron Age fortifications [1]. From…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Calliades
(227 words)
(Καλλιάδης;
Kalliádēs). [German version] [1] Writer of New Comedy Writer of New Comedy, appearing on the inscription of Lenaea winners in 6th place after Menander, 5th after Philemon and 3rd after Diphilus [5], and thus to be dated to the end of the 4th cent. BC [1]. Ath. 9,401a quotes ‘Diphilus or C.’, as author of an
Ágnoia, but at another point (15,700c) he talks only of Diphilus as author of this play. Even the barb against the orator Aristophon [2] that Ath. 13,577b attributes to C. is dubious [1. 53]. Hidber, Thomas (Berne) Bibliography
1 PCG IV, 1983, 37. [German version] [2] Sculptor Scul…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Callianax
(110 words)
[German version] (Καλλιάναξ;
Kalliánax). Doctor, adherent of Herophilus [1] and member of his ‘house’, which possibly refers to the fact that he worked in the mid 3rd cent. BC [1]. Bacchius [1] in his memoir on the early followers of Herophilus (Galen in Hippocratis Epidemiarum 6 comment. 4,10 = CMG V 10,2,2,203), mentions that C. quoted Homer and the Greek tragic writers if his patients told him that they were afraid of dying. He gave them to understand by this that only the immortals could esca…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Calliarus
(112 words)
[German version] (Καλλίαρος, τὰ Καλλίαρα;
Kallíaros,
tà Kallíara). Listed as one of the east Locrian towns in Homer's ship catalogue (Hom. Il. 2,531), deserted at the time of Strabo (Str. 9,4,5; Hsch. s.v. C.); it took its name from the surrounding plain, etymologically derived from the eponymous hero in Steph. Byz. s.v. C. (= Hellanicus FGrH 4 F 13). The localization of C. near Skala Atalandis, the finding place of pottery from the Early and Middle Helladic as well as the Mycenaean period, is uncertain. Daverio Rocchi, Giovanna (Milan) Bibliography W. A. Oldfa…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Callias
(1,877 words)
(Καλλίας;
Kallías, Ion. Καλλίης;
Kallíēs). Common Attic name fro…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Callichorus
(79 words)
[German version] (Καλλίχορος;
Kallíchoros). River in Bithynia between Heraclea [7] Pontica and Tieion (Apoll. Rhod. 2,904; Plin. HN 6,1; Amm. Marc. 22,8,23); it was allegedly named after the orgies of Dionysus, but also referred to as Oxynon (schol. Apoll. Rhod. 2,904; cf. Arr. Peripl. p. eux. 19; Peripl. m. eux. 12; Marcianus of Heraclea, Epit. peripli Menippi 8). Its equation with the Parthenius (Orph. A. 731) cannot be correct.…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Callicles
(471 words)
(Καλλικλῆς;
Kalliklês). [German version] [1] Collocutor in Plato's Gorgias Collocutor in Plato's ‘
Gorgias; taking it as his premise that nature ranks above the law, he advocates the right of the stronger (Pl. Grg. 483 c…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Callicrates
(1,202 words)
(Καλλικράτης;
Kallikrátēs). [German version] [1] Athenian demagogue and politician Athenian demagogue and politician in the succession of Cleophon, he abolished the
diobelía with the promise of increasing it by an
obolós; later sentenced to death (Aristot. Ath. Pol. 28,3). Schmitz, Winfried (Bielefeld) Bibliography Rhodes, 356-357. [German version] [2] Sculptor in Laconia Sculptor in Laconia. Together with Myrmecides, C. was considered the legendary, probably archaic creator of microscopic sculptures made of iron, bronze, ivory and marble. Ants whose legs were too small to be seen and a wagon drawn by flies are mentioned.…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Callicratidas
(431 words)
(Καλλικρατίδας;
Kallikratídas). [German version] [1] Spartan nauarch, 407/6 BC Spartan nauarch (naval commander) in 407/6 BC, was only able to relieve Lysander of his command in the spring of 406 and was confronted through the latter's intrigues with extremely serious problems while preparing his operations. However, he was as unimpressed by these as by the affront he suffered from Cyrus the Younger. C. secured the finances for his warfare and took the initiative. After relocating his naval base from Ep…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Callicter
(111 words)
[German version] (Καλλικτήρ;
Kalliktḗr) of Manesium. Writer of epigrams, possibly from the 1st or 2nd cent. AD, to whom are ascribed the satirical two-line epigrams from the Anth. Pal. 11,2; 5; 6 and, according to Planudes, 333. The epigrams against doctors, 11,118-122, are probably his also; Planudes however assigns them to Nicarchus. The erotic poems Anth. Pal. 5,29 and 45 are attributed to the name Cillactor; the rarity of both names, not attested elsewhere and still of uncertain form, argues in favour of identification with C.…
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Brill’s New Pauly