Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Chabakta
(65 words)
[German version] (Χάβακτα;
Chábakta on coins, HN 498; Χάβακα;
Chábaka Str. 12,3,16). Pontic fortress, whose name appears on pseudo-autonomous coins of Mithridates VI; likely fortress structures identified near Kaleköy/Ünye on the coast of northern Turkey (tomb and two staircases cut into the rock). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography Olshausen/Biller/Wagner, 120 W. H. Waddington, E. Babelon, Th. Reinach, Recueil général des monnaies grecques d'Asie Mineure 1,1, 21925, 104f.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chaberis
(61 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: India, trade with (Χαβηρὶς ἐμπόριον;
Chabērìs empórion). Harbour town of the Soringoi at the mouth of the Chaberos (Kāveri) in southern India, in Ptol. 7,1,13. Old Indian (Tamil) Kāveripaṭṭinam or Pumpuhar; port of the Chola Empire. A Greek settlement is mentioned in classic Tamil poetry. Karttunen, Klaus (Helsinki)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chabon
(65 words)
[German version] (Χάβον;
Chábon). Scythian fortress ‘in the middle of the land of the Scythians’ (IOSPE 12, 352,13; 29), built by Scilurus and his sons (Str. 7,4,3); served as a base against Mithridates VI; one of his generals, Diophantus, forced the Scythians to surrender C. (Str. 7,4,4). von Bredow, Iris (Bietigheim-Bissingen) Tokhtas'ev, Sergej R. (St. Petersburg) Bibliography V. F. Gajdukevič, Das Bosporanische Reich, 1971, 309.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chabrias
(366 words)
[German version] (Χαβρίας;
Chabrías). Important Athenian general and mercenary leader. Taking part in Thrasybulus' campaigns in Thrace during the Corinthian War, at the beginning of 389 BC he succeeded Iphicrates as general in the Peloponnese. In 388 he set off for Cyprus with Athenian forces to support King Evagoras against Persia. On the way there, victory against the Spartans on Aegina (Xen. Hell. 5,1,10-13). When the King's Peace (386) made it impossible for him to remain in Cyprus, C. entere…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chaereas
(228 words)
(Χαιρέας;
Chairéas). [German version] [1] Strategos at Cyzicus, 410 BC Son of Archestratus (Lycomide?) of Athens. In 411/10 BC co-
strategos in Samos, sent to Athens on the Paralus, but was able to return (Thuc. 8,74,1-3; 86,3). In 410
strategos at Cyzicus (Diod. Sic. 13,49,6; 50,7; 51,3). PA 15093. Kinzl, Konrad (Peterborough) Bibliography Davies, 9238 Fraser/Matthews, GPN 2, 1994, 469, no. 3 A. W. Gomme et al., Historical Commentary on Thucydides, 5, 1981, 266-268. [German version] [2] Nauarch of Ptolemy IX, 1st cent. BC Nauarch of Ptolemy IX; perhaps
strategos of Cyprus; 88 BC…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chaeredemus
(58 words)
[German version] (Χαιρέδημος;
Chairédēmos). One of the three brothers of Epicurus, who, like him, devoted themselves to philosophy (Diog. Laert. 10,3). He predeceased Epicurus, who bestowed funerary gifts in his memory (Diog. Laert. 10,18) and dedicated a book to him (Diog. Laert. 10,27 and Plut. An recte dictum sit latenter esse vivendum 1129a). Dorandi, Tiziano (Paris)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chaeremon
(358 words)
(Χαιρήμων;
Chairḗmōn). [German version] [1] Tragedian, middle of the 4th cent. BC Tragedian; mentioned by the comedy writers Eubulus (Ath. 2,43c) and Ephippus (Juv. fr. 9 Kock in Ath. 11,482b), which locates him in the middle of the 4th cent. BC. Performed again 276-19 at the Naïa in Dodona (DID B 11,13); titles:
Alphesiboea, ‘Achilles killer of Thersites (Apulian vase, Boston 03.804 [1. 166]),
Dionysus,
Thyestes,
Io,
The Centaur,
The Minyae,
Odysseus,
Oeneus and more than 40 fragments. Aristot. Rhet. 3,12,1413b8) counts him among those writers whose plays are full…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chaerephon
(141 words)
[German version] (Χαιρεφών;
Chairephṓn). From the Attic deme of Sphettus; from early youth a passionate follower of Socrates. In Aristophanes'
Clouds,
Wasps and
Birds C. is lampooned as an especially zealous and ascetic pupil of Socrates. As a committed democrat, he lived in exile during the tyranny of the Thirty (404-403 BC) (Pl. Ap. 21a). C. was already dead by the time of Socrates' trial (399 BC). Plato (Ap. 20e-21a) and Xenophon (Apol. 14 Xen. Apol. 14) report that C. once asked the oracle at Delphi whether anyo…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chaerestratus
(105 words)
[German version] Son of Chaeredemus; Attic sculptor from Rhamnus. On a prosopographical basis, his creative period has been deduced to have been in the early 3rd cent. BC, but by some to
c. 320 BC. This is significant for the chronology of early Hellenistic developments in style, as the statue of Themis in the sanctuary of Nemesis at Rhamnus (Athens, AM) is signed by C. Further works are attributed to him by way of style. Neudecker, Richard (Rome) Bibliography J. Marcadé, Recueil des signatures des sculpteurs grecs, 1, 1953, no. 11-12 P. Moreno, Scultura ellenistica, 1994, 168-172 fig. B.…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chaerion
(51 words)
[German version] Writer of comedies, attested only epigraphically; he evidently once won first prize at the Attic Dionysia [1. test. *2], and also in 154 BC second place at the Great Dionysia with the play ‘The false self-accuser [1. test. 1]. Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) Bibliography
1 PCG IV, 1983, 69.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chaeris
(187 words)
[German version] (Χαῖρις;
Chaîris). Greek grammarian of the school of Aristarchus of Samothrace; father of a grammarian called Apollonius [7] (ὁ τοῦ Χαίριδος;
ho toû Chaíridos). It is not clear whether he lived directly after Aristarchus. His work was used by Tryphon, Didymus and Herodianus. We are better informed about his exegesis on Homer: about 10 fragments are known from the
scholiae, and Schol. Hom. Od. 7,80 mentions the title Διορθωτικά (
Diorthōtiká; ‘Improvements). C. is also quoted about 10 times in the Pindar
scholiae, almost exclusively at P. 4. There are also a few…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chaeron
(334 words)
(Χαίρων;
Chaírōn). [German version] [1] Mythical son of Apollo and Thero Mythical son of Apollo and Thero (in Plut. Sulla 17: Thuro); founder of the city named after him, Chaeronea (Hes. Cat. fr. 252 M-W = Paus. 9,40,5f.; Hellanicus FGrH 379 F3). Plutarch names a son dead in childhood after him (Consolatio ad uxorem 5 p. 609d). Bloch, René (Berne) [German version] [2] Spartan polemarch, late 5th cent. BC Spartan polemarch who died in 403 BC in Pausanias' assault on Piraeus. He was buried on the Cerameicus (Xen. Hell. 2,4,33; Lys. epit. 63). His grave has been p…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chaeronea
(522 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Aetolians, Aetolia | Education / Culture | Boeotia, Boeotians (Χαιρώνεια, Χηρώνια;
Chairṓneia,
Chērṓnia). Westernmost town of Boeotia on the border to Phocis, located in the northern foothills of the Thurion range in the Cephissus valley near the modern C. (formerly Kapraina). Sources: Paus. 9,40,5-41,7; Str. 9,2,37. A prehistoric settlement has been found to the north-east on the banks of the Cephissus [2. 382f.], a Mycenaean chamber tomb close t…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chalastra
(91 words)
(Χαλάστρα;
Chalástra). [German version] [1] City at the mouth of the Axius City at the mouth of the Axius (Str. 7 fr. 20; 23; cf. Hdt. 7,123), identified by Hecataeus as belonging to Thrace (Steph. Byz. s.v.). The population was recruited for the foundation of Thessalonica (Str. 7 fr. 21). Not located. Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn) Bibliography F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Macédoine, 1988, 199. [German version] [2] Lake Natron-bearing lake, probably near the town of the same name (Steph. Byz. s.v.; Plin. HN 31,107; Suda s.v.). Errington, Robert Malcolm (Marburg/Lahn)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chalce
(53 words)
[German version] (Χάλκη;
Chálkē). Island off the north coast of Rhodes (29 km2). The polis of C. (remains of acropolis, temple to Apollo, necropolis) belonged to Rhodian Camirus. During the 5th cent. BC a member of the Delian League. Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) Bibliography P. M. Fraser, G. E. Bean, The Rhodian Peraea and Islands, 1954, 144f.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chalcedonense
(126 words)
[German version] Definition of faith of the Council of Calchedon (AD 451;
Sýnodos II. D.): Christ is completely God and man, of one substance with God the father ( Nicaenum) and with humanity. When Christ became man, both natures united into one indivisible person (πρόσωπον/
prósōpon, ὑπόστασις/
hypóstasis; against Nestorius), but remained distinct in their duality (against Cyrillus [2]). The teaching of the two natures in Christ, rejected by Monophysitism, was contested in the Greek Church until 518 ( Henotikon). The councils of 553 …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chalcidian vase painting
(471 words)
[German version] Important type of 6th-cent. BC black-figured vase, named for the appended mythological names in the Chalcidian alphabet; none of the painters or potters is known [1. 2f.; 2. 181ff.]. Rumpf and others placed Chalcidian vase painting (CVP) on Euboea, whereas today Rhegium is favoured [1; 2. 15ff.; 3.
passim]. The question must, however, remain open, especially as some of the Chalcidian vases bear trademarks otherwise found only on vases not manufactured in Italy [1. 53]. The genre begins
c. 560 BC with no discernible precursors, and already comes to an end
c. 510 BC. …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Chalcidice
(493 words)
[German version] (Χαλκιδική;
Chalkidikḗ). The name C., used today for the entire peninsula with its three extended fingers, in antiquity referred only to the area occupied by the Chalcidians on Sithonia and its hinterland, which they probably settled before the great period of Greek colonization (middle of the 8th cent. BC). The coastal towns are first mentioned by name at the time of Xerxes' march, and later, together with inland towns, as members of the Athenian League. In 432 the majority secede…
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Brill’s New Pauly