Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Columniation
(2,036 words)
Werdehausen, Anna Elisabeth [German version] A. Definition, Characterisation (CT) The term
columniation is used to denote a fundamental element of form in ancient and classical modern architecture, comprising the supporting element of the column and the supported element of the horizontal entablature. Unlike other support and articulation systems, columniation is governed by fixed formal and proportional rules: a column of human proportion (Proportions, theory of) consists of a base, a shaft and a capital,…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Column/Monumental column
(1,889 words)
Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [German version] A. Interpretatio Christiana ofIillustrated Columns (CT) Whether in architectural contexts or isolated as monumental columns, scarcely any building element in post-classical times is linked so closely with reference to Antiquity as the column. This is true both positively, in the sense of a conscious
renovatio of Classical or Christian Antiquity, and negatively, in connexion with idols as the embodiment of vanquished paganism. Columns with standing ‘idols’, mostly nude, became almost a topos in the art of the later Midd…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Column tomb
(11 words)
see Funerary architecture (III. C.2.); Columns, monumental (II.-III.)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Colybrassus
(72 words)
[German version] (Κολυβρασσός;
Kolybrassós). Polis in Cilicia Trachea (Ptol. 5,5,8: Κολοβρασσός; Hierocles, Synekdemos 682,11: Ὀλυβρασóς), on the basis of epigraphical evidence today's Ayasofya, 19 km to the north-east of Coracesium [1. 30f.]. City settlement with
bouleuterion (?), temples, churches and military structures [2. 9f. (with a sketch map)]. Tomaschitz, Kurt (Vienna) Bibliography
1 K. Tomaschitz, Unpublizierte Inschr. Westkilikiens aus dem Nachlaß T.B. Mitfords, 1998
2 G. E. Bean, T. B. Mitford, Journeys in Rough Cilicia 1962 and 1963, 1965.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Comaetho
(129 words)
(Κομαιθώ;
Komaìthṓ). [German version] [1] Lover of Amphitryon Daughter of Pterelaus, the mythological king of Taphos. She helped Amphitryon, with whom she has fallen in love, in his battle against the Teleboeans from Taphos. She was, however, killed by him after he had conquered the island (Apollod. 2,60). Prescendi, Francesca (Geneva) [German version] [2] Priestess of Artemis Triklaria at the sanctuary of Laphria near Patrae Priestess of Artemis Triklaria at the sanctuary of Laphria near Patrae. She and her lover Melanippus have a sexual encounter in the…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Comana
(251 words)
This item can be found on the following maps: Hellenistic states [German version] [1] City in Cataonia This item can be found on the following maps: Christianity | Coloniae | Education / Culture (Κόμανα;
Kómana). City in Cataonia (Str. 12,2,3), Hittite
Kummanni; temple state of the goddess Ma-Enyo (Artemis Tauropolios; Enyo; Roman Bellona). Bishopric as early as the Severian period (2nd/3rd cents AD); today's Şar. Strobel, Karl (Klagenfurt) Bibliography W. Ruge, s.v. Komana, RE 11, 1127f. Hild/Restle, 208f. [German version] [2] C. Pontica This item can be found on the foll…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Comanus
(550 words)
(Κομανός;
Komanós). [German version] [1] Greek grammarian, 2nd cent. BC C. from Naucratis. Greek grammarian of the 2nd cent. BC, who composed an exegetical work on Homer (an
hypómnēma?; Aristarchus [4] of Samothrace challenged it in ‘Against C.’/Πρòς Κομανóν, schol. Hom. Il. 1,97-99; 2,798a; 24,110b). Identification with the homonymous Alexandrian politician C. [2] is debatable, even if the grammarian is called ‘the king's chief cup-bearer’ in schol. Hes. Op. 97. The roughly 20 fragments reveal a respectable philological …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Comb
(385 words)
[German version] (ὁ κτείς;
ho kteís, Lat.
pecten). Combs for wool and for the hair were known already in prehistorical Europe, Egypt and the Near East. They were made from a range of different materials (olive wood, boxwood, ivory, bone, later also from bronze and iron) and could also vary in shape (trapezoid or oblong). In the post-Mycenaean period they had two rows of teeth, with those on one side being more narrowly set teeth. Semi-circular combs appeared in the archaic period. The Classical period …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Combabus
(129 words)
[German version] (Κομβάβος;
Kombábos) in the aetiological myth recounted by Lucian (De Dea Syria 17-27) is the founder of the temple of Atargatis in Hierapolis who introduced self-castration and women's clothing for the eunuchs (
gálloi); for the motivation the author himself draws an analogy with the story of Phaedra and Hippolytus. Certainly the name C. suggests Cybebe ( Cybele), a term for the Great Mother (Hdt. 5,102) cognate with the Hittite Kubaba, and
kýbēbos, a term for the
gállos (Semonides fr. 36 West); however, it is unclear here, as in other unrelated details,…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Combe
(121 words)
[German version] (Κόμβη;
Kómbē, Lat.
Combe). Daughter of the Phlian river-god Asopus and Metope; regarded since Hecataeus (FGrH 1 F 129), also called Chalcis, as the namesake of the eponymous city on Euboea (cf. Diod. Sic. 4,72; Zenob. 6,50). According to a tale recounted exclusively by Nonnus, C. was the mother of the seven Euboean Corybantes ( Couretes; Nonnus, Dion. 13,135ff.). With them she fled from her husband Socus to Crete, Phrygia, and finally Athens to Cecrops, who killed Socus, thus enabl…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Comboiomarus
(44 words)
(Conbolomarus, Combogiomarus). Celtic compound name ‘with great fighting strength’? (Schmidt, 178). King of the Galatian Tectosages or Trocmi, who fought on the Seleucid side against Cn. Manlius Vulso in 189 and had entrenched themselves on the mountains Olympus and Magaba (Liv. 38,19,2).
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Combutis
(76 words)
[German version] (Κόμβουτις;
Kómboutis). Galatian leader following Brennus [2] on the 279 BC invasion of Greece [1. 178]. C. and Orestorius were sent off together at the head of a strong contingent through Thessaly into Aetolia. There they committed great atrocities against the inhabitants of the city of Callion and suffered substantial losses on their return to Thermopylae at the hands of the Aetolians who had rushed in pursuit (Paus. 10,22,2-7). Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography
1 Schmidt.
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Comedy
(6,021 words)
Greiner, Bernhard (Tübingen RWG) [German version] A. Methodology (CT) Modern European comedy arose from the adaptation and transformation of ancient comedy, to which was added -sporadically - the influence of autochthonous forms and institutions of ‘carnivalesque’ play. In its further development it took continual recourse to the forms and concepts of ancient comedy. In addition to straightforward adaptations, indirect influence was exerted where specific forms and types of comedy that were derived from …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Comedy
(5,622 words)
I. Greek [German version] A. Beginnings The most plausible etymology of comedy is ‘komos song’;
kṓmoi (processions of groups of people or choruses) are depicted on vases from the early 7th cent. BC onwards; there appear,
inter alia, dancers in leotards (partly padded on the waist and buttocks) and animal costumes (cf. the later animal choruses of Attic Old Comedy). Many pictures on vases also show the phallus-processions that according to Aristotle (poet. 4,1449a 10f.) were the origin of comedy. Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) [German version] B. Early forms outside Athens The …
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Comes, comites
(1,145 words)
[German version] A. Roman Republic and Imperial period
Comes (from
com- and
ire, ‘to go with’) in its wider sense is a companion, trusted friend, or one entrusted with duties of aid and protection towards another (Dig. 47,10,1; 47,11,1,2). In public life, already in the Republican period
comes means a member of the retinue of a travelling official, especially a provincial magistrate (Gr. ε̃πόμενος;
hepómenos); the
comes himself may be an official, a personal friend, slave, freedmen, client or even a high dignitary (Suet. Iul. 42; Dig. 1,18,16). In its special sense, from the beginn…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Cometas
(210 words)
(Κόμητάς;
Kómētás) [German version] [1] Poet of epigrams Writer of epigrams, probably to be identified with the
grammatikós of the same name in the middle of the 9th cent. in Constantinople. Four poems survive: in the poems Anth. Pal. 15,36-38 (the latter consisting of seven dodecasyllables) C. claims to have restored Homer's verses by punctuating them and rescuing them from ‘useless rot’, only to be mocked for it by the scholiast J (cf. Constantinus [2] of Rhodus), in a marginal note (in trimeters) to the 57 hexameters in which C. acclaims the rising of Lazarus (Anth. Pal. 15,40). Albiani,…
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Cometes
(154 words)
(Κομήτης;
Komḗtēs). [German version] [1] Lover of Aegiale(ia) Lover of Aegiale(ia) wife of Diomedes [1], the Achaean warrior at Troy. After Diomedes' return, C. tries to kill him; when Diomedes manages to save himself by finding refuge at an altar to Athena, C. leaves his homeland Argus (schol. Hom. Il. 5, 412). Mimnermus appears to have developed the structure of this myth as a parallel to the fate of Agamemnon (fr. 17 G.-P.; cf. also Apollod. Epit. 6,9). Visser, Edzard (Basle) [German version] [2] Son of the Aetolian king Thestius According to Paus. 8,45,6 son of the Aetolian ki…
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Comics
(3,918 words)
Geus, Klaus (Bamberg) [German version] I. Genre (CT) Geus, Klaus (Bamberg) [German version] A. Definition (CT) Comics are a special kind of picture story, originating in the United States at the end of the 19th cent. They can be described as a form of story in which text and pictures are organised in a narrative sequence, and arranged ,for the most part, chronologically. Comics developed from the political and satirical caricatures of the 18th and 19th cents.[1]. Long dismissed as trivial and juvenile literatur…
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Brill’s New Pauly