Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Sicinius
(441 words)
Roman plebeian
nomen gentile, often confused with Siccius; members of the family frequently appear as people's tribunes in the 5th cent. BC, but the family is otherwise insignificant. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., C. Tradition links S. with the origins and early development of the people's tribunate (
tribunus plebis ): S. was firstly the initiator of the
secessio
plebis of 494 BC and then one of the people's tribunes, subsequently elected for the first time (Liv. 2,32,2; 2,33,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 6,45,2; 6,8…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sicinos
(211 words)
[German version] (Σίκινος;
Síkinos). Island in the southern Cyclades (39 km2; Scyl. 48; Str. 10,5,1; Ptol. 3,15,31), rising to 552 m (Agios Mamas), rich in marble and slate; no natural safe harbours, today also named Síkinos. Its poetic epithet
Oinóē 'wine-bearing' (Apoll. Rhod. 1,620; Plin. HN 4,69; Steph. Byz. s. v. Σ.) indicates viticulture. Already inhabited in the 3rd mill. BC (Early Cycladic ceramics), in the historical period it was settled by Ionians. In the 5th cent. BC S. probably capitulated to the Persians (Hdt. 8,46)…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sickle
(355 words)
[German version] I. Ancient Orient and Egypt The sickle is a classic harvesting tool with a largely unaltered basic form: a curved blade with its edge on the inside, made of wood, ceramic, copper/bronze or iron. The earliest evidence of sickles in Egypt and the Near East is from the 8th/7th millennia BC: flint or obsidian blades with traces of use on one side (bright 'polish') and remains of bitumen on the end with which the blades were fixed to the inner side of a curved piece of wood, less often to a…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sicoris
(49 words)
[German version] Left-hand tributary of the Iberus [2] (Ebro) in Hispania Tarraconensis (Caes. Civ. 1,40,1; 48,3; 61,1; 63,1; Plin. HN 3,24), modern Segre. It rises in the territory of the Cerretani and in its course passes through Ilerda (Lérida). Barceló, Pedro (Potsdam) Bibliography TIR K/J 31 Tarraco 146 f.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Siculi
(290 words)
[German version] (Σικελοί/
Sikeloí). People in Sicilia. Ancient writings date the arrival of the S. from Italy variously (Hellanikos FGrH 4 F 79b 3: three generations, Philistos FGrH 556 F 46,4: 80 years before the Trojan War, Thuc. 6,2,5: 300 years before the Greeks' western colonisation). Modern archaeological studies date it to the end of the 2nd millennium BC (end of the Bronze Age; finds from Cassibile: 1050-850 BC). It was preceded by settlement of small Ausonian groups to the north east from…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Siculus
(25 words)
[German version] Roman cognomen (describing origin: 'from Sicily', and epithet of victors; cf. Cloelius [4-7]; Herennius [I 10]). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Kajanto, Cognomina, 52; 193.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Siculus Flaccus
(77 words)
[German version] Along with Frontinus and Hyginus, most significant of the Roman surveyors. He probably lived under Trajan and Hadrian in the 2nd cent. AD and in his work
De condicionibus agrorum ('On the legal status of landholdings') described the forms of Roman land ownership and the working methods of gromatici (
groma ); what survives of it [1] relates to Italy. Burian, Jan (Prague) Bibliography
1 C. Thulin (ed.), Corpus agrimensorum Romanorum, vol. 1.1, 1913, 98-130.
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Sicyon
(827 words)
This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Grain Trade, Grain Import | Achaeans, Achaea | Macedonia, Macedones | Persian Wars (Σικυών;
Sikyṓn). [German version] I. Site Port on the Gulf of Corinth, 26 km to the west of Corinth. Its territory was confined to the east by the river Nemea [2] (border with Corinth), to the west by the river Sythas (border with Pellene) (Paus. 7,27,12). S. was famous as early as Antiquity for the fertility of the valley and for the highlands of Neogene marl. In the Archaic and Classic…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Side
(921 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Byzantium | | Commerce | Education / Culture (Σίδη/
Sídē). Port on the East Pamphylian coast (Plin. HN 5,96; Ptol. 5,5,2; Tab. Peut. 10,2) 10 km west of the mouth of the Melas (present-day Manavgat Çayı) in Pamphylia on a flat peninsula (conglomerate rock), formerly Eski Antalya or Selimiye, today again S. The river port (Mánaua on the Melas) and particularly the sea port brought great prosperity to S. in the Hellenistic Period and especially in the Rom…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sidero
(136 words)
[German version] (Σιδηρώ;
Sidērṓ), second wife of Salmoneus and, after his death, first wife of Cretheus , the ruler of Iolcus. She torments her stepdaughter Tyro, daughter of Salmoneus and his first wife Alcidice and Cretheus's niece, who grows up with them in Thessaly. Neleus [1] and Pelias, the exposed sons of Tyro and Poseidon, recognize and free their mother; Pelias kills S. on an altar to Hera; Cretheus marries Tyro (Apollod. 1,90-96). In Tragedy S. and Salmoneus in Elis together torment Tyro…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sidetic
(153 words)
[German version] One of the Anatolian languages; written in its own alphabetic script (Asia Minor VI), which runs from right to left, and attested in Side and the surrounding area. In addition to inscriptions on coins (5th/4th cent. BC), six mostly brief dedicatory inscriptions are known today, among them three that are bilingual (Sidetic-Greek; one is from Seleucia/Lyrbe), one voting tablet, and one inscription on a vessel from the 3rd/2nd cent. ([2] and [1] each with older literature; [3]). In …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sidicini
(182 words)
[German version] People in central Italy, neighbours of the Samnites and the Campani, probably of Oscan origin (Str. 5,3,9; coin finds [4]). Encroachments on the S. by the Samnites in 343 BC resulted in the first Samnite War (Liv. 7,29,4-6; [3. 540]). In the Latin War (Latini) the S. joined a coalition against Rome (Liv. 8,5,3; coins [4]). Hannibal [4] passed through their territory in 211 BC on his march from Capua to Rome (Liv. 26,9,2). Teanum Sidicinum, the capital of the S., minted its own coins until the 3rd cent. BC [1. 169 f., 211 f.], although the
ager Sidicinus was already within …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sido
(92 words)
[German version] deposed (according to Tac. Ann. 12,29-30), together with his brother Vangio, their uncle Vannius, who - himself a Quadus - by Roman mandate ruled the kingdom of the Suebi, which neighboured the Quadi. The two brothers then ruled the Suebi state together and remained faithful to Rome. S. fought on the side of the followers of Vespasianus together with Italicus [2] and a contingent of troops on the front line in the battle of Cremona in 68/9 AD (Tac. Hist. 3,5,1; 3,21,2). Spickermann, Wolfgang (Bochum) Bibliography Holder 2, 1540.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sidon
(768 words)
This item can be found on the following maps: Syria | Christianity | Coloniae | Diadochi and Epigoni | Hasmonaeans | Hellenistic states | Colonization | Mesopotamia | Natural catastrophes | Phoenicians, Poeni | Pompeius | Aegean Koine (Σιδών/
Sidṓn; Hebrew
Ṣîdôn, Arabic
Ṣaidā). [German version] I. To Alexander the Great In Homer (Hom. Il. 6,290 f.; 23,743 f.; Hom. Od. 4,83 f., 618
et passim; cf. Jos 13:6; 1 Kg 5:20), S., 35 km north east of Tyrus on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean, is synonymous with Phoenicia in general. In the 1st millennium BC, i…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sidonius Apollinaris
(857 words)
C. Sollius Apollinaris S. The most important Latin author of Gaul in the second half of the 5th cent. AD; b. on 5 November 430/431 in Lug(u)dunum (present-day Lyons). [German version] I. Life A scion of a wealthy provincial aristocratic family, S. increased his prospects of a political career by marrying Papianilla, the daughter of Avitus [1], future emperor of the Roman West. After the latter was murdered, S. stood probably at first on the side of the enemies of Maiorianus [1], who was installed in 457 (in support [13. 36-57, …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sidus
(88 words)
[German version] (Σιδοῦς/
Sidoûs). Fortified place in the territory of Corinth near the Isthmus on the Saronic Gulf, modern Sousaki. According to Steph. Byz. s. v. Σ., either a Corinthian
kṓmē (cf. Hsch. s. v. Σιδουντιάς) or a Megaran
epíneion/'anchorage' (cf. also Scyl. 55; Plin. HN 4,23). Because of its location, S. had strategic significance, as in the Corinthian War in 392/1 BC (Xen. Hell. 4,4,13; 4,5,19). S. was famous for the quality of its apples (Ath. 3,82a-c). Freitag, Klaus (Münster) Bibliography J. Wiseman, The Land of the Ancient Corinthians, 1978, 19 f.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Sidyma
(113 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Lycii, Lycia (Σίδυμα;
Sídyma). Lycian polis in the west of the Xanthus valley (Plin. HN 5,100; Ptol. 5,3,5) with a small harbour at Calabatia; member of the Hellenistic Lycian League. Remains at modern Dodurga: Classical fortification, Imperial period buildings and graves; noteworthy are the founding document of the
Gerousía (I.) (TAM II 175 f.) and a description of a
syngéneia of Lycian poleis (TAM II 174; SEG 39, 1989, 1413). S. was a bishop's see up to the High Middle Ages . Zimmermann, Martin (Tübingen) Bibliography S. Dard…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Siegecraft
(1,624 words)
I. Greece [German version] A. Archaic and Classical periods From the beginnings of the
pólis in the 8th/7th cents. BC, urban fortifications in the true sense began to appear in the Greek world. During a siege, spears, slings and bows would be used as long-distance weapons for attack and defence; hand-thrown stones were also an effective weapon of defence. Attack technology was modest: ladders for climbing walls, axes and simple battering rams for breaking open gates. Meanwhile, the ci…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Siga
(151 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Punic Wars | Punic Wars (neo-Punic
Šjgn). City and river port of Mauretania Caesariensis on the Oued Tafna, 4 km to the south of Portus Sigensis, modern Takembrit in Algeria (Ps.-Scylax 111; Pol. 12,1,3; Liv. 28,17,15 f.; Str. 17,3,9; Mela 1,29; Plin. HN 5,19; Ptol. 4,2,2; It. Ant. 12,8; Steph. Byz. s. v. Σίγαθα/
Sígatha). At first a Punic trading post, later the royal city of Syphax, king of the Masaesyli. In the city (only partially excavated) the cult of Saturnus appears to have supplante…
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Sigerus
(42 words)
[German version] For many years a high
cubicularius of Domitian, who had great influence with the emperor (Mart. 4,78,8). He took part in the plot against Domitian and wounded him mortally (Cass. Dio 67,15,1-5; Suet. Dom. 17,2). Eck, Werner (Cologne)
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Brill’s New Pauly