Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Thabena
(73 words)
[German version] City in Africa Proconsularis (Africa [3]; Bell. Afr. 77,1 f.) on or near the coast on the border with the kingdom of Juba [1], probably not identifiable with Thenae. In the Roman Civil War in 47/46 BC the Thabenenses were on the side of Caesar; in 46 they strangled the soldiers that Juba had established in the city (Bell. Afr. loc.cit.). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography H. Treidler, s. v. T., RE 5 A, 1178.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thabraca
(127 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae (Θάβρακα;
Thábraka). City probably of Punic origin (cf. CIL VIII 1, 5206: Imilcho Mytthum[balis]) on the northern coast of Tunisia, 10 km from the modern Algerian border (Ptol. 4,3,5; Pol. 12,1,4: Τάβρακα; Plin. HN 5,22; Juv. 10,194:
Tabraca); of significance as a place of transshipment for marble from Simitthus; modern Tabarka. Inscriptions: CIL VIII 1,5198-5208; 2,10837; Suppl. 1, 17329-17391. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography AATun 050, Bl. Tabarca; Bl. 7, Nr. 10 C. Lepelley, Les cités de l'Afrique…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thagimasades
(45 words)
[German version] (Θαγιμασάδης/
Thagimasádēs, also Θαγιμασάδας/
Thagimasádas). Presumed ancestor and protector of the 'Royal' Scythae (Scythae II.); they alone worshipped T. as a horse and water deity, which was identified with the Greek Poseidon (Hdt. 4,59). Peter, Ulrike (Berlin) Bibliography S. S. Bessonova, Religioznye predstavlenija skifov, 1983, 50-53.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thais
(129 words)
[German version] (Θαῖς/
Thaîs). Famous Athenian
hetaíra (
Hetaírai ), eponymous heroine of comedies by Afranius [4] ([1. 229]), Hipparchus [2] and Menander [4] (PCG V 107; VI 2,122-127), all attested by quotations. Allegedly a mistress of Alexander [4] the Great, and later of Ptolemaeus [1] I, the father of her three children (Ath. 13,576d-e). According to Cleitarchus [2] at a feast she was the instigator of the burning of the Royal Buildings at Persepolis, as revenge on Xerxes (as in …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thala
(139 words)
[German version] City in the interior of Tunisia, 53 km to the south of Sicca Veneria, 20 km to the east of Ammaedara (also modern T.). The Numidian town was considerably Punicised; the original Punic cults of Caelestis, Pluto and Saturn continued until late Antiquity. In AD 20 followers of Tacfarinas unsuccessfully attacked a Roman unit in T. (Tac. Ann. 3,21,2). In the 3rd cent. T. presumably acquired the status of
municipium . Inscriptions: CIL VIII 1, 501-576; 2, 10519 f.; Suppl. 1, 11668-11730; Suppl. 4, 23280-23352; AE 1905, 35. Another town called T. was 20 km to the ea…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thalamae
(178 words)
(Θαλάμαι/
Thalámai). [German version] [1] Messenian perioikos community This item can be found on the following maps: Sparta | Achaeans, Achaea | Oracles Messenian perioikos community (Perioikoi; Paus. 3,1,4; 3,26,3) on the outer Mani (Taygetus) at modern Svina to the east of Koutiphari. Traces of Neolithic and Mycenaean (Late Helladic III A-B) settlement and remains of an incubation oracle of Ino/Pasiphae (Pasiphae) mentioned in Paus. 3,26,1. At the time of Hadrianus the sanctuary (Plut. Kleomenes 7; Plut. Agesilaos …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thalamos
(145 words)
[German version] (θάλαμος/
thálamos). According to the earlier archaic perception a non-specific term for various rooms inside of a Greek house; according to more recent definition a bedroom of the master of the house or the women's apartments (cf. Hom. Il. 6,321; Hom. Od. 10,340 et passim), usually on the upper floor of a Classical Pastas or Prostas house (House [II] B) and therefore also according to Greek understanding belonging absolutely to the private sphere (Private sphere and public sphere). The ancient terminology is unclear;
thalamos can also be the term for a weapo…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thalassius
(456 words)
(Θαλάσσιος;
Thalássios). [German version] [1] Follower of Constantius [2] II, 4th cent. AD (Thalassius).
Praefectus praetorio Orientis 351-353, from a family of
curiales [2] of the East. Little is known about his career, but T. was obviously a loyal follower of Constantius [2] II: in 345, he acted as the emperor's
comes in Aquileia; in 351, he held a high office at his court in Cibalae (Zos. 2,48,5); still in the same year, T. - probably a Christian - entered into the office of praetorian prefect of the East (Artemii Passio…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thalelaeus
(109 words)
[German version] Professor of law (
antecessor) under Iustinianus [1] I, presumably in Berytus, one of the eight addresses of the
Const. Omnem (ordinances for study brought into force with the conclusion of the
Digesta in AD 533), who wrote a Greek paraphrase of the
Codex (II.)
Iustinianus. The work, preserved in the Basilika and their scholia (Byzantium I. B.3.), contains useful information on T.' teachings on the Codex. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography D. Simon, Aus dem Kodexunterricht des T., in: ZRG 86, 1969, 334-383; RIDA 16, 1969, 283-308; ZRG 87, 1…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thales
(782 words)
[German version] (Θαλῆς;
Thalês). One of the Seven Sages, philosopher, astronomer and mathematician, said to be the founder of the Milesian School, 1st half of 6th cent. BC. Some anecdotes about T. survive, but no reliable biographical information. He is said to have travelled in Egypt. To what extent his erudition was influenced by the Near East is unknown. The ancient sources disagree as to whether T. recorded his theories in writing. Those who argue for it name the titles of three works: Ναυτικὴ ἀστρολογία (
Nautikḕ astrología, 'Nautical Astronomy', in hexameters), Περὶ τροπῆς (
Perì t…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thaletas
(134 words)
[German version] (Θαλήτας/
Thalḗtas; in some authors wrongly
Thales, e.g. Paus. 1,14,4; Plut. Lycurgus 4), choral lyricist of the 7th cent. BC, from Gortyn (in Crete). Besides Xenodamus of Cythera, Xenocritus [1] of Locri and others, he was involved in various musical innovations in Sparta in the generation after Terpander (Plut. De musica 9,1134b-c). Like these, he composed paeans (Plut. loc.cit.) and
hyporchḗmata (Schol. Pind. Pyth. 2,127). According to later authors of musical theory, he introduced paeonic and cretic rhythms to Sparta…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thalia
(284 words)
(Θάλεια/
Tháleia, Θαλία/
Thalía, Lat.
Thalia; related to the Greek θάλλειν/
thállein, ‘to sprout, grow, thrive’, esp. in reference to fruit trees; cf. Diod. Sic. 4,7). Hesiod counts T. among (1) the Muses, (2) the Nereids and (3) the Charites; generally, she is related to the realm of fertility. Later literary references show a deliberately vague distinction between Muses and Charites. [German version] [1] Muse One of the Muses (Hes. Theog. 77), associated with comedies (e.g. Anth. Pal. 9,504; attribute: comic theatre mask; ‘the light muse’, cf.
T.-Theater, Hamburg) as well as mi…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thallo
(69 words)
[German version] (Θαλλώ;
Thallṓ). One of the Horae, the daughters of Zeus and Themis (Hes. Theog. 901-903; Hes. Op. 74 f.). The assignment of T. to the Horae or to the Charites is controversial, as are the number and names of the Horae (Hyg. Fab. 183; Paus. 9,35,1-4; Poll. 8,106). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) Bibliography A. Lesky, s. v. Th., RE 5 A, 1214 f. V. Machaira, s. v. Horai, LIMC 5.1, 502 f.; 5.2, 344-368.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thallophoria
(245 words)
[German version] (θαλλοφορία/
thallophoría, 'carrying of branches'). At the Panathenaea the act, performed by selected old men (Xen. Symp. 4,17,4), of presenting branches; the term
thallophoria is not recorded, but
thallophóros ('branch carrier': Hsch. s. v.) and the verb
thallophoreîn (Eust. in Hom. Od. 1157,24) are, and these both became proverbial (Aristoph. Vesp. 542 f. with schol.; Suet.
perì blasphēmiôn 8,10) in with the meaning 'useful only for carrying branches'. To this extent the modern terminology [1. 278; 2. 1215] is motivated by analogous…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thalna
(17 words)
[German version] Roman cognomen probably of Etruscan origin, Iuventius [I 5-8]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography Schulze, 94.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thalpius
(90 words)
[German version] (Θάλπιος;
Thálpios). Grandson of Actor [4], son of the Actorion Eurytus and of Theraephone; he and Amphimachus [2], Diores [1] and Polyxenus [3] were leaders of the 40 Epeian ships at Troy (Hom. Il. 2,618-624; Paus. 5,3,3 f.; Dares 14; Dictys 1,17). T. is mentioned among the suitors of Helena [I 1] (Apollod. 3,129; Hyg. Fab. 81) and among those in the Trojan Horse (Q. Smyrn. 12,323), his grave is in Elis (Aristot. epigram 36, in [1]). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography
1 Th. Bergk, Poetae Lyrici Graeci, vol. 2, 41882.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thalysia
(132 words)
[German version] (Θαλύσια/
Thalýsia), a word suggestive of 'abundance' (Gr.
thalía, cf.
thállō 'to bloom'), is a first-fruit sacrifice (Gr.
aparchaí) for Artemis (Hom. Il. 9,534). Its antiquity is suggested by the name Thalysiades (Hom. Il. 4,458). Later it became particularly identified with Demeter; Theocritus situates his seventh Idyl on the day of a T. for Demeter. There also was a ‘thalysian’ bread, made from the first fruits (Athen. 3.114A), comparable to the
thargēlos bread (Thargelia). Menander (Rhetor 391 Russell-Wilson) compares
aparchaí in speeches with T. for Dem…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thamudic
(115 words)
[German version] Refers not only to an Early North Arabian dialect that is recorded in graffiti in a modified Ancient South Arabian script (6th cent. BC to 4th cent. AD) throughout the Arabian peninsula, but, according to the most recent state of scholarship, to various individual dialects, namely Taymanic (Early Thamudic A) and Hismaic (Early Thamudic E) and southern Thamudic B, C, D. Hence it cannot be associated with the Arab Θαμυδῖται/
Thamydȋtai tribe alone. Ancient Southern Arabian; Arabic Müller-Kessler, Christa (Emskirchen) Bibliography
1 M. C. A. MacDonald, Reflections…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thamugadi
(211 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Africa | | Coloniae | Limes City in the province of Numidia (Numidae), about 20 km to the east of Lambaesis (It. Ant. 34,1; 35,2; 40,7; Tab. Peut. 3,4), modern Timgad in Algeria. Founded in AD 100 by Munatius [II 4] Gallus as
Colonia Marciana Traiana T. (CIL VIII Suppl. 2, 17842f.), probably the last pre-titular colonia [E] in Africa [3]. As the considerable remains show, the city swiftly flourished. Numidae influenced by the Poeni may have taken the cults of Caelestis, Saturn, …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Thamyras
(97 words)
[German version] (Θαμύρας;
Thamýras). Name on five gems. Only the 18th century paste on a reliquary in the Vienna treasury is verifiably a copy of a missing gem with a Nereid from the period of Augustus. T. is deemed to be the signature of a gem-cutter from the circle of Dioscorides [8]. The other four 'signatures' are modern additions to ancient stones or elements of forgeries, probably following the Viennese model. Gem-cutting Michel, Simone (Hamburg) Bibliography E. Zwierlein-Diehl, T.-Gemmen, in: H.-U. Cain et al. (eds.), Beiträge zur Ikonographie und Hermeneutik, Fests…
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Brill’s New Pauly