Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Tolmides
(118 words)
[German version] (Τολμίδης/
Tolmídēs). Son of Tolmaeus, Athenian
stratēgós in the years 457-455, 452, 451, 448 and 447 BC [1. 75 ff.]. After the murder of Ephialtes [2], in the 450s T. became the most important democratic politician and exponent of an aggressive naval league policy (Delian League). T.' often assumed political independence from Pericles [1] is an anachronism (cf. Plut. Pericles 16,3). In 456/5, T. commanded a successful naval operation against the Peloponnese (Thuc. 1,108), in 447 he settled Attic
klēroûchoi on Euboea, Naxos and probably …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Tolophon
(88 words)
[German version] (Τολοφών;
Tolophṓn). Port in western Locris (Locri [1]; Thuc. 3,101,3; Dionysios Kalliphontos 66 f.) near modern Vidavi, where remains of city walls are visible near Galaxidi. Frequent mentions of the inhabitants of T. in inscriptions from Delphi. Daverio Rocchi, Giovanna (Milan) Bibliography L. Lérat, Les Locriens de l'ouest, vol. 1, 1952, 50 f.; 138-145; vol. 2, 1952, passim Philippson/Kirsten, vol. 1, 372, n. 2 K. Braun, s. v. T., in: Lauffer, Griechenland, 688 G. J. Szemler, T., in: E. W. Kase et al. (eds.), The Great Isthmus Corridor Route, vo…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Tolosa
(395 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Caesar | Christianity | | Gallia/Gaul | Commerce | Punic Wars (Τολῶσσα/
Tolôssa). Main city of the Volcae Tectosages (Str. 4,1,13; Plin. HN 3,37; Ptol. 2,10,9; Cass. Dio 27,90) on a terrace on the right shore of the upper Garumna, present-day Toulouse. Allied with Rome probably from 121 BC on, T. revolted against the Romans in 106 BC, only to be captured and plundered by the consul Servilius [I 12] Caepio (on the story about the stolen sacred treasure, the
aurum Tolosanum, 'gold of T.', cf. Cic. Nat. D. 3,74; Gell. NA 3,9,7; Str.
loc. …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Tolumnius
(136 words)
[German version] Etruscan
nomen gentile; most famous bearer: Lars T., king of the Veii, who in 437 BC brought about the killing of Roman ambassadors by the Fidenati (Fidenae), who had defected to him. In the subsequent war, he was killed in single combat by Cornelius [I 20] Cossus (Liv. 4,17,1-5; 4,19,1-5); the year of this single combat was already disputed in ancient tradition (Liv. 4,20,5-11; cf. [1. 563 f.]. Cossus dedicated T.' armour as
spolia opima (War booty III.) to Iuppiter Feretrius (for the political role of this under Augustus cf. Licinius [I 13]). The h…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Tomarus
(74 words)
[German version] (Τόμαρος/
Tómaros, also Τμάρος/
Tmáros). A sacred mountain (1972 m elevation) to the west of Dodona (Str. 7,7,11; Theopomp. FGrH 115 F 319; Plin. HN 4,2), now again Tómaros (formerly Olytsika). Derived from T. are Τμάριος/
Tmários, Τομαριάς/
Tomariás and Latin
Tomarius as epithets of Zeus and the sacred oak in Dodona, and probably the term τομοῦροι/
tomoûroi for oracle priests [1. 368 f.] Strauch, Daniel (Berlin) Bibliography
1 N. G. L. Hammond, Epirus, 1967. Philippson/Kirsten, vol. 2, 1, 86 f.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Tomi
(573 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Pontos Euxeinos | Thraci, Thracia | Christianity | | Commerce | Hellenistic states | Colonization | Moesi, Moesia | Pertinax | Rome | Rome | Balkans, languages (Τόμοι/
Tómoi, Τόμις/
Tómis, Τῶμις/
Tômis; Lat.
Tomi). Colony of Miletus [2] (Ps.-Scymn. 765) on the west coast of the Black Sea (Pontos Euxeinos), modern Constanţa (Romania). T. was probably founded in the 6th cent. BC -- although Jer. Chron. 95b,4, lists the founding date as 657 BC. In Plinius [1] the Older (HD 4,44), T. is referred to as
Eumenia (originally perhaps an…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Tomos synkollesimos
(179 words)
[German version] (τόμος συγκολλήσιμος/
tómos synkollḗsimos, literally 'piece glued together'). In Antiquity reports, documents, contracts and other papers belonging together were glued together and kept in archives or in the offices of 'officials' (
logistaí); examples of papyri from such glued collections are POxy. 53 (AD 316) and 87 (AD 342). It is such a document that is being discussed in POxy. 34 I 12f. (AD 127: τὸν τόμον τῶν ... συγκολλησίμων/
tòn tómon tôn ... synkollēsímōn, 'the volume of pieces of writing glued together') and probably also in the earlier PGrenf…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Tomyris
(193 words)
[German version] (Τόμυρις/
Tómyris), 'the heroic' (?). Queen of the Massagetes, to the southeast of the Aral Sea,
c. 530 BC. The exclusively Greek and Latin accounts are presumably legendary, with the earliest surviving being from Herodotus [1], also the most believable (Hdt. 1,205-214). In order to gain power over the Massagetae Cyrus [2] wooed T. but she spurned him. Cyrus decided on a military campaign and at the river Araxes [2] at the border received a message from T.: he may either continue three days' marc…
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Tonitrualia
(113 words)
[German version] (Greek βροντολόγια/
brontológia). Thunder-books, usually organised according to signs of the zodiac, used for interpreting thunder in divination [3. 1162], e.g. for harvests and war. The surviving
tonitrualia are contained either in Lydus [3],
De ostentis [1. 105-113; 4] or in astrological MSS, and in the Middle Ages exercised great influence, primarily in Anglo-Saxon areas [5]. Clodius [III 4] Tuscus; Cornelius [II 19] Labeo; Fonteius [I 9]; Vicellius Sehlmeyer, Markus (Jena) Bibliography
1 M. Maas, John Lydus and the Roman Past, 1992
2 E. Rawson, Intel…
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Tools
(1,441 words)
[German version] I. Ancient Near East and Egypt The tools of the Near Eastern cultures and Egypt comprised the most important types still used in similar designs and functions today. The use of natural objects as tools and their adaptation in order to improve their properties dates back to the Palaeolithic period (e.g. stone tools with various basic functions; increasing differentiation in relation to the qualities for particular usages). Improvements were made in handling (grip, mounting, shafts), the systematic exploitation of mechanical principles, e.g. axial mounting (
tournet…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Top
(119 words)
[German version] (στρόβιλος/
stróbilos, also βέμβηξ/
bémbēx, κῶνος/
kônos, στρόμβος/
strómbos, στρόφαλος/
stróphalos, Latin
rhombus,
turbo). The top was a popular toy in Antiquity (Children's games); made of box wood (hence also called
buxum in Latin) with cross grooves, it was set rotating with the fingers and then propelled with a whip (Verg. Aen. 7,373-383 in an epic simile; Callim. Epigr. 1,9; Tib. 1,5,3; Anth. Pal. 7,89). Original tops of clay, bronze, lead and other materials have been preserved as grave goods and votive gifts in sanctuaries (cf. Anth. Pal. 6,309) [1]. Hurschman…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Toparches
(29 words)
[German version] (τοπάρχης;
topárchēs). 'Leader (ἄρχειν/
árchein = rule) of a district (
tópos)'; in the Hellenistic period the highest civil administrative official in a
tópos (q.v.). Eder, Walter (Berlin)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Topazos
(80 words)
[German version] (Τόπαζος;
Tópazos). Island, of which Pliny gives a detailed account, allegedly the place of origin of the name of the precious stone topaz. According to Plin. HN 37,24;108 it was 300 stadia from the Arabian coast in the Red Sea, and in the language of the Trogodytae T. means 'seek', since the fog-enshrouded island often had to be looked for by seafarers. It appears as an Indian island in Steph. Byz. s.v. Τοπάζιος. Kessler, Karlheinz (Emskirchen)
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Topics
(1,223 words)
[German version] I. Terminology Today, some aspects of the dialectical and rhetorical theory of argument, as systematized by Aristotle [6] in the
Topiká and the
Rhētorikḕ téchnē, are subsumed under the general term of topics. Τόπος/
Tópos (literally 'place', then 'commonplace') does, of course, already appear earlier as a technical rhetorical term (Isocr. 12,111; 5,109; 10,4; 10,38; 1,25,76; Aristot. Rh. Al. 1443b 31; Lat.
locus), but not until Aristotle was an essential role assigned to the
tópoi (pl.; Lat.
loci) - not only for achieving rational persuasion, but also for …
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Topos
(215 words)
(τόπος/
tópos). [German version] [1] Administrative unit Territorial subdivision of a nome (
nomós [2]), attested from the Hellenistic period onwards in Egypt and in its external possessions (Syria, Palestine, southern Asia Minor); also as an administrative unit under the Seleucids and Attalids (Attalus, with stemma), probably with a similar structure but not understood in detail [1. 440]. In Egypt a
topos comprised several villages or
kômai (Kome B), and therefore formed a unit of intermediate size, which had no pharaonic antecedent, unlike the nome and
kome, but was newly form…
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Toranius
(139 words)
Italian
gens name, primarily in Latium (cf. [2. 98]; AE 1980,588). [German version] [1] T., C. In 73 BC quaestor of P. Varinius, defeated by Spartacus (Sall. Hist. 3,96 M.; Flor. Epit. 2,8,5);
c. 64
aed. pl. with C. Octavius [I 2] and in 62 (or 60-58: [1]) praetor (otherwise: MRR 3,63). After the death of Octavius in 59 BC he became the guardian of the later Augustus. A moderate Pompeian in the Civil War, T. waited until
c. 45 (on Corcyra?: Cic. Fam. 6,20 f.) for a pardon from Caesar. His own ward had him proscribed in 43 BC (Suet. Aug. 27,1; hushed up in Nicolaus of…
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Brill’s New Pauly