Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Ukraine
(2,748 words)
Gussejnov, Gassan [German version] A. Historical Introduction (CT) Ukraine (U.) is an independent state, founded in 1991 on the territory of a republic of the same name belonging to the former USSR. Its southern border is the Black Sea; from west to east, it borders on Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Belarus and Russia. U. includes territories whose cultures and histories have developed at differing periods and in differing constitutional forms [38]. Thus Galicia, with its centre at Lvov (L…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Uldin
(80 words)
[German version] (Οὔλδης;
Oúldēs). Leader of a federation of Hunni to the north of the Danube. In 400 AD U. had Gainas, who had fled over the Danube, killed and sent his head to Arcadius, bringing about the first Hunni-Roman treaty (Zos. 5,22,1-3). As late as 405/6 he supported Stilicho against Radagaesus (Oros. 7,37,12). In 408 he himself attacked Thrace, but bribed by the Romans his army disbanded (Soz. 9,5,1-5). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography PLRE 2,1180 G. Wirth, Attila, 1999, 31-37.
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Uliadae
(148 words)
[German version] (Οὐλιάδαι;
Ouliádai). Family connected with medicine and healing cults in Velia [1] in southern Italy. The name derives from
Oú
lios (Οὔλιος; Str. 14,1,6-8), one of the numerous epithets of Apollo (B. 4), and refers to his power both to harm and to heal (cf. Asclepius/Asclepiadae). The first verifiable member of this family was Parmenides. Statues and inscriptions in Velia, which were created primarily
c. AD 20, represent members of the family, bearing the names Ulis or Uliades, as physicians and as φώλαρχοι/
phṓlarchoi; this probably suggests a cultic communit…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Uliaros
(57 words)
[German version] (modern Oléron, in the
département of Charente-Maritime). Island in the
Aquitanicus Sinus (modern Biscaya; Plin. HN 4,109; Sid. Apoll. Epist. 8,6,12; Geogr. Rav 5,33), near the mouth of the Garumna. It assignment to the territory of the Santoni and hence to Aquitania is hypothetical. Polfer, Michel (Ettelbrück) Bibliography P. Merlat, s. v. U., RE 9 A, 533 f.
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U (linguistics)
(179 words)
[German version] In Latin, the letter designates the high back rounded vowel /u/. In Greek, this pronunciation is attested for Boeotian, Laconian, Arcado-Cypriot and Pamphylian (Boeotian τούχαν ∼ Attic τύχην); in Attic and (Eastern) Ionic we find /ü/ from earliest times [1. 181-183]. Proto-Indo-European
u,
ū (
u) is represented in Greek as υ, ῡ, in Latin as
u,
ū (Greek ζυγόν, Latin
iugum 'yoke', Greek θῡμός 'courage', Latin
fūmus 'smoke' < Proto-Indo-European *
i̯ugó-, *
dhu2mó-). A new /ū/ (written as ου) emerged in Greek through monophthongization (σπουδή 'zeal' < *
spou̯da2-), …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ulmerugi
(124 words)
[German version] (Gothic *
Hulmarugeis, 'Island Rugians'). Germanic people on the islands in the southern Mare Suebicum (modern Baltic) near the mouth of the Oder, close neighbours of the Rugi, who were settled in Pomerania. An etymological relationship between the name U. and the island of Rügen is not confirmed. The U. were driven from their homeland by the Goti advancing out of Scandinavia (Iord. Get. 26). In Old Norse poetry they are found as the Holmrygir; they are also mentioned by the author of the Old English poem
Widsith [1. 64], who can be dated to the 6th cent. AD. Waldherr, Gerhar…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ulmetum
(106 words)
[German version] Roman
vicus and fort, node of important roads in Moesia Inferior (Scythia Minor; Moesi), modern Pantelimon de Sus (district of Constanţa in Romania; Dobrugea). The
vicus presumably came into being under Traianus [1] (there is evidence of
magistri and
principes loci). The population was ethnically mixed (Bessi, Romans and a number of Greeks). Destroyed by the Slavs, U. was rebuilt by Iustinianus [1] I (Procop. Aed. 4,7,17). Burian, Jan (Prague) Bibliography E. Popescu, Inscriptiones intra fines Dacoromaniae repertae, 1976, 213 ff. A. G. Poulter, Rural Communi…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ulna
(111 words)
[German version] (ὠλένη/
ōlénē, literally 'elbow'). A measure of length based on one of the proportions of the human body which appears primarily in poetry (cf. e.g. Hor. Epod. 4,8; Verg. Ecl. 4,105; Verg. G. 3,355); its extent is inconsistent. Whereas the term is occasionally used as a synonym for
cubitus (ell = 11/2 feet), it is also found in Plinius [1] the Elder as a translation of ὄργυια/
órgyia (fathom = 6 feet; cf. Plin. HN 36,87 with Hdt. 2,148,7), the length a human can span with both arms (Plin. HN 16,133; 16,202). Use as an official measure of length is improbable. Schulzki, Heinz-Jo…
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Ulpia
(127 words)
[German version] [1] U. Marciana See Marciana. Strothmann, Meret (Bochum) [German version] [1a] U. Plotina Named in the year AD 69 on a
tabula cerata from Herculaneum. She may have been a sister of M. Ulpius [12] Traianus and hence a maternal aunt of the later emperor Traianus [1] (AE 1993, 461). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] U. Severina Wife of Aurelianus [3] (SHA Aurelian. 50,2), elevated to
Augusta probably in AD 274 (CIL III 472; V 29; V 3330; IX 2327; AE 1927,81; 1934,44),
mater castrorum et senatus et patriae (AE 1930, 150). Daughter of Ulpius [4] Crinitus (?) …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ulpianum
(127 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Moesi, Moesia (Οὐλπιανόν/
Ou
lpianón, Οὐλπιάνα/
Ou
lpiána). Roman fort and probably from the time of Hadrianus a
municipium in Moesia superior (Moesi; Ptol. 3,9,6; Procop. Goth. 4,25,13; Procop. Aed. 4,1,29; Iord. Get. 285), modern Gračanica (in the district of Priština in Kosovo). There is evidence of a
decurio and an
ordo municipii; in the Severan period (beginning of the 3rd cent. AD) U. was called
Res Publica Ulpiana (CIL III 1685 f.). U. was the centre of a mining district, an important road hub and prob…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ulpianus
(710 words)
[German version] Domitius U. Roman jurist of the Severan period from Tyrus in Syria (Dig. 50,15,1 pr.), probably a student of Papinianus [2. 208 f.] and teacher of Modestinus (Dig. 47,2,52,20). Under Septimius [II 7] Severus, he was assessor for his teacher, who had since become Praetorian prefect (SHA Pesc. Nig. 7,4; SHA Alex. Sev. 26,6), and was probably leader of the chancellery
a
libellis (the imperial judiciary office) from AD 205 to 209;
praefectus [4]
annonae (leader of the office ensuring food supply; Cod. Iust. 8,37,4) under Elagabalus [2]; Praetorian prefec…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ulpius
(1,427 words)
[German version] [0] C. U. Antoninus Proconsul of Lycia-Pamphylia (communication from M. Waelkens). Whether he is identical with the senator U. Antoninus who participated in the secular games of AD 204 [1] must remain an open question. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography W. Eck, s. v. U. (25), RE Supplementum 14, 935. [German version] [1] M. U. Arabianus Senator from Amastris [4] in Pontus;
cos. suff.; consular governor of Syria Palaestina (Syria) between AD 187 and 190 (IGR III 85 = [1. 163, no. 16]);
procos. of Africa around 200 (CIL VIII 15876). His son was M. U. Domitius…
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Ultima verba
(640 words)
[German version] ('last words'). The citation of true or fictitious
ultima verba (UV) was popular in Antiquity and appeared as a literary topos, esp. in biographic and historiographic literature, in rhetorical literature and in purely literary works ([1. 7-22] with examples). It was intended to illustrate the character and attitude of the dying person. Occasionally, a conversation was transmitted which the person in question was claimed to have had with a confidant during his last hours ([2]; cf. Xenophon'…
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Ulubrae
(66 words)
[German version] Township in Latium,
municipium of the
tribus Pomptina, colony of the Triumviri (Triumvirate), later abandoned owing to its unhealthy location on the edge of the
Pomptinae paludes (
Ager Pomptinus ) at modern Sermoneta and Cisterna di Latina (Cic. Fam. 7,12,2; 7,18,3; Hor. Epist. 1,11,30; Juv. 10,102; Plin. HN 3,64; Porphyrio ad Hor. epist. 1,11,30). Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence) Bibliography Nissen, vol. 2, 637.
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Umayyads
(381 words)
(
Banū Umayya). [German version] A. The dynasty AD 661-750 First Islamic dynasty (AD 661-750), with its capital at Damascus. Under the Umayyads, the Islamic expansion reached Central Asia in the east and the Pyrenees in the west. The Byzantines were driven out of North Africa, but kept resisting the Arabs in Asia Minor. This - ethnically and religiously heterogeneous - extensive empire required a new internal organization and administration, modelled on Byzantine and Persian-Sassanid institutions. Its hey…
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Umber
(100 words)
[German version] Named after Umbria, their place of origin, this breed of dog was highly favoured, primarily as a tracking hound (Grattius, Cynegetica 171 ff.; Sen. Thy. 497 ff.; Verg. Aen. 12,753-55: hound baits deer; Sil. Pun. 3,295 ff.). We do not know its appearance. The Umbrian sheepdogs, mentioned in Varro Rust. 2,9,6, that returned of their own accord to their flocks were certainly not of this breed. An illustration on an
aes grave coin from Hatria in Picenum could represent an umber [1. 124, fig. 49; 2. 95]. Dog Hünemörder, Christian (Hamburg) Bibliography
1 Keller
2 Toynbee…
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Brill’s New Pauly