Brill’s New Pauly
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Subject: Classical Studies
Edited by: Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity) and Manfred Landfester (Classical Tradition).
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
English translation edited by Christine F. Salazar (Antiquity) and Francis G. Gentry (Classical Tradition)
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Brill´s New Pauly is the English edition of the authoritative Der Neue Pauly, published by Verlag J.B. Metzler since 1996. The encyclopaedic coverage and high academic standard of the work, the interdisciplinary and contemporary approach and clear and accessible presentation have made the New Pauly the unrivalled modern reference work for the ancient world. The section on Antiquity of Brill´s New Pauly are devoted to Greco-Roman antiquity and cover more than two thousand years of history, ranging from the second millennium BC to early medieval Europe. Special emphasis is given to the interaction between Greco-Roman culture on the one hand, and Semitic, Celtic, Germanic, and Slavonic culture, and ancient Judaism, Christianity, and Islam on the other hand. The section on the Classical Tradition is uniquely concerned with the long and influential aftermath of antiquity and the process of continuous reinterpretation and revaluation of the ancient heritage, including the history of classical scholarship. Brill´s New Pauly presents the current state of traditional and new areas of research and brings together specialist knowledge from leading scholars from all over the world. Many entries are elucidated with maps and illustrations and the English edition will include updated bibliographic references.
Subscriptions: see brill.com
Uriel
(124 words)
[German version] (Hebrew
ūrīēl, 'My Light is God') in apocryphal literature the name of one of the four archangels, beside Michael [1], Gabriel [1] and Raphael. He is recorded as an interpretative figure (
angelus interpres, 4 Esra 4:1ff.) and as the ruler of all the stars and lights (1 Hen 75:3). U. leads Henoch through the upper heavens (1 Hen 19ff.). In particular he is assigned rule over the Heavenly Host and the Underworld (Sheol) (1 Hen 20:1), whose gates he smashes in the resurrection of the dead (Or. Sib. 2,229). As one…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Urkundenrelief
(14 words)
see Relief II. Greece and Rome A. Techniques and areas of application
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Brill’s New Pauly
Urn
(621 words)
[German version] I. Definition Originally a round water container, the Latin
urna denotes the sepulchral vessel in a cremation (ashes and bones). Morphologically speaking, urns are not always distinguishable from vessels of everyday life or cult. They sometimes imitated furniture and building designs. The gathered bones and ashen remains were gathered (
ossilegium) for storing in cloth or vessels inside urns of terracotta, metal or stone. Because of the prevalence of cremation in the ancient Mediterranean, the urn was the usual vessel for contain…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Urna
(59 words)
[German version] Roman fluid measure (Measures of volume); corresponding to half an
amphora [2] and hence 4
congii or 24
sextarii. In modern terms approximately 13·1 litres. As an expression of quantity the
u. often appears in the context of viticulture (Colum. 3,3,2; 3,3,10; 3,9,2 f.). Sextarius (with table) Schulzki, Heinz-Joachim (Mannheim) Bibliography F. Hultsch, Griechische und römische Metrologie, 21882, 116 ff.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Urnamma
(97 words)
[German version] (2112-2095 BC), king of Uruk; the Sumerian King List (Kings' lists) describes U. as the successor to his brother Utu-Ḫeĝal (2119-2113) and the founder of the Third Dynasty of Ur. U. gradually extended the power of the city of Ur at first to the south and then to the north of Babylonia. His early death in battle with enemies in the east of Mesopotamia and his journey to the Underworld are the subject of the poem
The Death of Urnamma. Mesopotamia II G Renger, Johannes (Berlin) Bibliography E. Flückiger-Hawker, U. of Ur in Sumerian Literary Trad., 1999.
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Brill’s New Pauly
Urnfield culture
(176 words)
[German version] Final section of the Central European Bronze Age (13th-8th cents. BC), named after the predominant custom of cremating and burying the dead in urns in largish burial fields (Necropolis IX). UC extends - connected by these shared ideas across Central Europe in various regional groups - from the northern edges of the German uplands to the Alps and from central France to the Carpathians. As a precursor to the Iron Age Hallstatt Culture (8th-5th cents. BC), which is regarded, at least…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Uroscopy
(364 words)
[German version] Medical analysis of the urine (οὖρον/
oû
ron, Latin
urina) of a sick person for diagnosis (or prognosis). Ancient sources: the
Corpus Hippocraticum (Hippocrates [6]; Hippoc. Aphorismi 4,69-73; Hippoc. Prognosticon 12; also the comm. by Galen 17,2,750-763 and 18,2,146-165), Rufus [5] of Ephesus (
De renum et vesicae affectionibus) respectively, Galen (De crisibus 9,594-607), the
Corpus Galenicum (De urinis 19,574-601; De urinis compendium 19,602-608; De urinis ex Hippocrate et Galeno 19,609-628; De signis ex urinis [1]) and the encyclo…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Urseius Ferox
(94 words)
[German version] Roman jurist of the early Principate (1st cent. AD), reviewed in at least ten books (Coll. 12,7,9) the opinions of the founders of law schools, on the one hand Sabinus [II 5] and Cassius [II 14], on the other Proculus [1]. Other than five citations in Ulpian and in Iulius [IV 16] Paulus, the work is known only from the commentary
Ad Urseium Ferocem by Iulianus [1]. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography O. Lenel, Palingenesia Iuris Civilis, vol. 2, 1889, 1201-1224 Kunkel, 145 f. D. Liebs, Rechtsschulen und Rechtsunterricht im Prinzipat, in: ANRW II …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ursicinus
(128 words)
[German version] High-ranking military officer under Constantius [2] II. He was
magister equitum in the East from AD 349-359. On orders from Constantius [5] Gallus, he conducted trials for high treason in Antioch [1] in 354 (Amm. Marc. 14,9,1 and 3) and in 355 deposed the usurper Silvanus [3] in Gaul (Amm. Marc. 15,5,18-31). From 357 on the Persian front again, he lost his command owing to court intrigues (Amm. Marc. 18,5,4), but in 359/60 was again appointed
magister peditum (Amm. Marc. 18,6) and relieved of his position once more because the loss of Amida (in 360) was im…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ursinus
(128 words)
[German version] U., a Christian deacon in the city of Rome, was elected a bishop at the end of September 366 in the Basilica Iulii (modern Santa Maria in Trastevere), probably at the same time as Damasus, and this led to riots. U. was expelled from the city but recalled from exile on 15 September 367 and after renewed unrest banished to Gaul on 16 November 367. Between 370/1 and shortly before 378, U. may have stayed with friends in Italy again, but outside Rome. U., who met Valens [4] of Poetovi…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Urso
(202 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Coloniae | Pyrenean peninsula (Ὄρσων/
Órsōn). Iberian city in Hispania Baetica in the valley of the lower Baetis (Diod. Sic. 33,21,1; Bell. Hisp. 26; 28; 41 f.: Ursao; Str. 3,2,2: Οὔρσων/
Oú
rsōn; Plin. HN 3,12; App. Ib. 274; Ptol. 2,4,14: Οὐρβόνη/
Ou
rbónē), modern Osuna to the east of Hispalis (Sevilla). The settlement, which was probably already significant in the 3rd cent. BC, was one of the centres of resistance to Rome in the battle of the Lusitani under Viriatus in 1…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ursulus
(91 words)
[German version]
Comes sacrarum largitionum 355-361, an important aide to the emperor Julianus [11] in his financial distress (Amm. 22,3,7). With Constantius [2] II he visited the ruins of Amida in 360 AD and levelled criticism at the soldiers' lack of courage (Amm. 20,11,5). Perhaps because of that he was condemned to death by military officers in the court of Chalcedon which Julianus had commissioned after the death of Constantius. Julianus later distanced himself from the verdict (Amm. 22,3,8; cf. Lib. Or. 18,152; PLRE 1,988 no. 1). Portmann, Werner (Berlin)
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Brill’s New Pauly
Ursus
(19 words)
[German version] [1] see Iulius [II 140-141] see Iulius [II 140-141] [German version] [2] see Constellations see Constellations
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Brill’s New Pauly
Urtica
(267 words)
(from Latin
urere, 'burn'; equivalent of
cnide in Plin. HN 32,146, [1. 91], Greek ἀκαλήφη/
akalḗphē, κνίδη/
knídē). [German version] [1] Stinging nettle The stinging nettle, with its two differently sized species
Urtica dioica and
Urtica urens in the Urticaceae family, can be identified with the names
urtica silvestris and
urtica canina (Plin. HN. 21,92), but not with the
herculanea. The species
silvestris in particular was used as a drug, its leaves, seeds and roots e.g. for women's illnesses (Hippocr. De morbis mulierum 1,31; 1,51; 1,74 and 2,175), fo…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Uruk
(534 words)
[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Mesopotamia (modern
al-Warkā; Sumerian unu(g)ki; in the OT Erek/
rk, cf. Gn 10:10; Greek Ὀρχόη/
Orchóē). City in southern Babylonia, discovered in 1849 by W. K. Loftus, excavated by German archaeologists since 1912 (with wartime interruptions). Based on settlements of the 5th millennium BC, Uruk developed in the 2nd half of the 4th millennium ('Uruk period') into one of the first large cities, with an area of 250 ha. Uruk was the cult city of Inanna/Ishtar…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Urvinum Mataurense
(152 words)
[German version] (Οὐρβῖνον/
Ourbînon). City (Plin. HN. 3,114; Geogr. Rav 4,33) on an elevation (451 m) on the eastern slopes of the Appenninus between the Rivers Metaurus [2] and Pisaurus (modern Foglia), connected by an access road to the via Flaminia on the Adriatic coast; modern Urbino (in the Marche region). UM was a
municipium (probably not until after the Social Wars [3] in 89 BC),
tribus Stellatina (
quattuorviri recorded: CIL XI 6053-6068),
Regio VI (Umbria). Involved in the battles between the Goti and the troops of Iustinianus [1], UM was conquered in AD 53…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Uscana
(93 words)
[German version] Chief city of the Penestae [2] (Liv. 43,18,5). U. is thought to lie either near modern Debar (Dibër, modern Macedonia), at modern Debrce near Lychnidus or at modern Kičevo (Kërçovë). The events of the third of the Macedonian Wars (171-168 BC) affected the city in many ways (cf. Liv. 43,10; 43,18; 43,20 f. For the problems of source criticism cf. [1]). Cabanes, Pierre (Clermont-Ferrand) Bibliography
1 B. Saria, s. v. U., RE 9 A, 1075 f. F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Macédoine à l'époque romaine (BCH Suppl. 16), 1988, 46 n. 39; 75; 76 n. 17; 298.
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Userkare
(65 words)
[German version] (Egyptian
Wsr-k-R.w). Egyptian king, according to the evidence of the Kings' lists in the Sixth Dynasty (c. 2300-2250 BC), after Teti I and before Pepi I (Phiops [1]); scarcely any contemporary record. He is sometimes regarded as a usurper or anti-king before or during the reign of Pepi I. Quack, Joachim (Berlin) Bibliography J. Vercoutter, L'Égypte et la vallée du Nil, vol. 1, 1992, 322.
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Brill’s New Pauly