Encyclopaedia Iranica Online

FARĪBORZ, b. Salār. See ŠARVĀNŠĀH.

See FAHHĀD.

See GANJ-E ŠAKAR.

a county ( šahrestān) located at the foot of the Zagros mountains in the western part of Isfahan province, bordered on the north by Ḵᵛānsār, on the northwest by Alīgūdarz (in Lorestān province), on the west by the county of Farīdūn-æahr, on the east by Najafābād, and on the south by Šahr-e Kord and Fārsān. A version of this article is available in printVolume IX, Fascicle 3, pp. 281 FARĪDAN, a county ( šahrestān) located at the foot of the Zagros mountains in the western part of Isfahan province, bordered on the north by Ḵᵛānsār, on the northwest by Alīgūdarz (in Lor…

b. Shaikh Maʿrūf BHAKKARĪ, 16-17th century author of an important biographical dictionary in Persian of Mughal notables, the Ḏaḵīrat al-ḵawanīn. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 3, pp. 280 FARĪD b. Shaikh Maʿrūf BHAKKARĪ, author of an important biographical dictionary in Persian of Mughal notables, the Ḏaḵīrat al-ḵawanīn. Nothing is known of the life of Shaikh Farīd Bhakkarī beyond the few autobiographical details mentioned in his book. From these, it appears that he was in the bureaucratic service of several Mug…

or Eṣfahānī (d. after 1264), 13th-century Persian poet. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 3, pp. 280 FARĪDES FARĀYENĪ (or Eṣfahānī), Malek-al-Šoʿarāʾ Ḵᵛāja FARĪD-AL-DĪN AḤWAL (the squint-eyed), 13th-century Persian poet, whose dates of birth and death are not known (d. after 663/1264). After receiving the traditional education of the time, he left his home town for Isfahan, where he entered the service of the Āl-e Ṣāʿed (see ṢĀʿEDĪĀN), the leaders of the Hanafites of Isfahan, and compo…

scribe active in Shiraz in the 16th century. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 3, pp. 280-281 FARĪD KĀTEB, scribe active in Shiraz in the 10th/16th century. He is known exclusively through signed works. The most famous is a fine manuscript of Solṭān Ḥosayn Mīrzā’s Majāles al-ʿoššāq in the Bodleian Library, Oxford (Ouseley Add. 24). The colophon is signed Farīd al-Kāteb and dated Ḏu’l-Ḥejja 959 /October-November 1552, and the fine nastaʿlīq calligraphy is embellished with a richly illuminated frontspiece and 74 (originally 75) paintings …

See FERĒDŪN.

See ĀL-E FARĪḠŪN.

See ĀL-E FARĪḠŪN.

See CENTRAL DIALECTS; see also NAṬANZĪ.

river, valley, and administrative district (woloswālī), in Taḵār province, northeastern Afghanistan. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 3, pp. 281-282 FARḴĀR, river, valley, and administrative district ( woloswālī), in Taḵār province, northeastern Afghanistan. The river, which drains the central western slope of the Ḵᵛāja Moḥammad range of the Hindu Kush, has different names over its course of 261 km: Āb-e Wār, Daryā-ye Qondoz, Rōd-e Warsaj, Rōd-e Orsajāb, Daryā-ye Farḵār, Daryā-ye Ṭālaqān, and …

“decree, command, order, judgement.” The term often denotes a royal or governmental decree, that is a public and legislative document promulgated in the name of the ruler or another person holding elements of sovereignty. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 3, pp. 282-295 FARMĀN (OPers. framānā, Mid. Pers. framān; Arabized pl. farāmīn), decree, command, order, judgement. In historical as well as contemporary administrative and political usage the term often denotes a royal or governmental decree, that is a public and le…

lit. “giver of an order,” i.e., ruler, commander; an epithet with three usages in the Safavid and Qajar periods. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 3, pp. 295-296 FARMĀNFARMĀ (lit. “giver of an order,” i.e., ruler, commander), an epithet with three usages in the Safavid and Qajar periods. 1. As a general form of address, farmānfarmā was used by the Safavid shahs and their officials in addressing the European monarchs, interchangeably with farmānravā and farmānda (see, inter alia, letters and edicts of ShahʿAbbās, Shah Ṣafī, Shah Solayman, and B…

(1858-1939), Qajar prince-governor, military commander, skillful politician, head of various ministries, and prime minister. He managed to sail successfully the stormy sea of Persian politics for several decades while the entire social and political landscape was undergoing dramatic change. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 3, pp. 296-299 FARMĀNFARMĀ, ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN MĪRZĀ (b. Tehran, 1274/1858; d. Tehran, 1318 Š./1939; Plate I), Qajar prince-governor, military commander, skillful politician, head of various ministrie…

(d. Mašhad, 1854), fifth son of the Qajar prince ʿAbbās Mīrzā and elder brother of Solṭān Morād Mīrzā Ḥosām-al-Salṭana. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 3, pp. 299-300 FARMĀNFARMĀ, FEREYDŪN MĪRZĀ (d. Mašhad, 1272/1854; Dīvānbeygī, p. 1314), fifth son of the Qajar prince ʿAbbās Mīrzā (q.v.) and elder brother of Solṭān Morād Mīrzā Ḥosām-al-Salṭana. Having been his father’s favorite since childhood, Fereydūn Mīrzā was named vice-governor of Azerbaijan when ʿAbbās Mīrzā went to quell a rebellion in K…

(1817-1886), sixteenth son of ʿAbbās Mīrzā and grandson of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah. His political and military career flourished in the reigns of his brother Moḥammad Shah (834-48) and his nephew Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah (1848-96). A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 3, pp. 300-301 FARMĀNFARMĀ, FĪRŪZ MĪRZĀ NOṢRAT-AL-DAWLA (1233-29 Jomadā II 1303/1817-4 April 1886; Figure 1), the sixteenth son of ʿAbbās Mīrzā and grandson of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah (qq.v.). His political and military career flourished in the reign of his brother Moḥammad …

(1789-1835), the fifth son of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah, long-time governor of Fārs, and briefly the self-styled king of Persia. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 3, pp. 301-303 FARMĀNFARMĀ, ḤOSAYN-ʿALĪ MĪRZĀ (b. Lārījān, 12 Ḏu’l-ḥejja 1203/2 Sept. 1789; d. Tehran, 26 Rabīʿ I 1251/22 July 1835), the fifth son of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah (r. 1212-50/1797-1834), long-time governor of Fārs, and briefly the self-styled king of Persia. His mother, Badr-e Jahān Ḵānom, was the daughter of Qāder Khan, an amir of a prominent …

(b. ca. 1828-29; d. Tehran, 1887), high-ranking official in the reign of Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah (1848-96). A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 3, pp. 303 FARMĀNFARMĀ, MAḤMŪD KHAN NĀṢER-AL-MOLK (b. ca. 1244-45/1828-29, d. Tehran, 8 Rabīʿ II 1305/12 December 1887; Eʿtemād-al-Salṭana, Rūznāma-ye ḵāṭerāt, p. 530; Bāmdād, Rejāl IV, p. 54), high-ranking official in the reign of Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah (1264-1313/1848-96). He was a member of the Qaragözlu tribe, which resided near Hamadān and produced many statesmen, especially in …

FARMAYAN , HAFEZ (Ḥāfeẓ Farmānfarmāʾiān; b. Tehran, 7 October 1927; d. Austin, Texas, 4 July 2015; Figure 1), prominent historian of the Middle East and, in particular, of the Qajar period. A pioneer in the scholarly study of Qajar Persia, Hafez Farmayan was among the first historians to point out the significant social and cultural changes taking place during the Qajar period.He was born to a distinguished family, one of the youngest sons of Prince ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Mirzā Farmānfarmā (q.v.; 1858-1939), the grandson of ʿAbbās Mirzā (son and crown prince of F…