Encyclopaedia Iranica Online

See EBN ZARKUB ŠIRĀZI.

a 14th century spiritual leader of the Češtī Sufi order in India. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 2, pp. 163 FAḴR-AL- DĪN ZARRĀDĪ, MAWLĀNĀ, an 8th/14th century spiritual leader of the Češtī Sufi order in India. He hailed from Sāmāna (Ḥamīd, p. 64), but nothing else is known about his life prior to his involvement with the order. In Delhi he attended the assemblies of Mawlānā Faḵr-al-Dīn Hānsawī, where the renowned shaikh Naṣīr-al-Dīn Maḥmūd Čerāḡ-e Dehlī (q.v.) and Mawlānā Kamāl-al-Dīn Sāmāna also took instructions in mystic guidance or hedāya (Ḥamīd, p…

b. Neẓām al-Molk (1043-1106/7), eldest son of the great Saljuq vizier and himself vizier to the Saljuq sultans Barkīāroq (1092-1105) and Moḥammad b. Malekšāh (1105-18). A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 2, pp. 164-165 FAḴR-AL-MOLK b. Neẓām al-Molk, ABU’L-FATḤ MOẒAFFAR (b. 434/1043; d. 500/1106-7), eldest son of the great Saljuq vizier and himself vizier to the Saljuq sultans Barkīāroq (q.v.; 485-98/1092-1105) and Moḥammad b. Malekšāh (498-511/1105-18). He seems to have had no qualifications for office beyond the distinguished name o…

See ABU’L-ḤASAN KHAN ARDALĀN.

See ʿABD-AL-NABĪ QAZVĪNĪ.

pen-name of Moḥammad b. Manṣūr b. Saʿīd, entitled Mobārakšāh, author of two prose works in Persian written in India in the late 12th and early 13th century, a book on genealogy with no formal title and the famous Ādāb al-ḥarb wa’l-šajāʿa. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 2, pp. 164 FAḴR-E MODABBER, pen-name of Moḥammad b. Manṣūr b. Saʿīd, entitled Mobārakšāh, author of two prose works in Persian written in India in the late 6th/12th and early 7th/13th century, a book on genealogy with no formal title and the famous Ādāb al-ḥarb wa’l-šajāʿa (q.v.). Most of t…

See ŠAMS FAḴRI.

See BANĀKATĪ.

b. Moḥammad Amīr Khan (or Solṭān) Amīrī Heravī (b. Herat, ca. 1497, d. probably in Agra, after 1566), poet, scholar, and Sufi who wrote on various aspects of the poetic art. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 2, pp. 165-166 FAḴRĪ HERAVĪ, SOLṬĀN-MOḤAMMAD b. Moḥammad Amīr Khan (or Solṭān) Amīrī Heravī (b. Herat, ca. 903/1497, d. probably in Agra, after 974/1566), poet, scholar, and Sufi who wrote on various aspects of the poetic art. His father was also a poet, who had adopted the pen name Amīrī (Golčīn-e Maʿānī, Kārvān-e Hend II, p. 996; idem, Taḏkerahā I, p. 430…

an obsolete Persian name for a columbine bird, most probably the so-called “collared turtle dove." A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 2, pp. 166-168 FĀḴTA, an obsolete Persian name (older * fāḵtak/g;cf. the pl. fāḵtagān; arabicized as fāḵeta, pl. fawāḵet; see also Schapka, no. 577, p. 180) for a columbine bird, most probably the so-called “collared turtle dove,” Streptopelia decaocto Frivaldszky (order Columbiformes), mentioned in classical Persian poetry mainly as a spring songbird. Manūčehrī Dāmḡānī (q.v.; d. ca. 432/1041?), “the [Persian…

a master vocalist of Persia in the second half of the 20th century. See QAWĀMI, ḤOSAYN.

See DIVINATION.

Arabic word for "sphere" (pl. aflāk). In Persian works of literature it is often referred to as being responsible for determining people's destiny. See ASTROLOGY AND ASTRONOMY IN IRAN; COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY.

also falak, čūb o falak; one of the most common instruments of corporal punishment in Persia. FALAKA (also falak, čūb o falak), one of the most common instruments of corporal punishment in Persia. The victim would be made to lie down on his back, and his feet would be fastened to a pole of about 2-3 m long with a loop in the middle made of leather or rope. The loop was held in place by passing its two ends through two holes made in the pole about 20-25 cm apart, with knots at the end to prevent the cord from slippin…

a sling. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 2, pp. 168-169 FALĀḴAN (a sling), a term probably derived from the Avestan fradaxšanā- (Darmesteter, II, p. 215, n. 38; AirWb., col. 981). Asadī Ṭūsī ( Loḡat-e fors, ed. Mojtabāʾī and Ašraf, pp. 197-98), quoting a verse by Rūdakī, defined falāḵan as kalāsang. Kalāsang/ qalmāsang is described as a device “woven from wool or silk with which shepherds and footmen ( šāṭerān) throw stones” ( Borhān-e qāṭeʿ, ed. Moʿīn, III, pp. 1486-87, 1539; cf. Garūsīn, p. 84). In central Persia today, ke/kolāsang and kalāsonga are use…

Download this sound. title Falak-e Matam genre/topic Falak, robā‘iyāt language Tajik Persian performer Mosavvar Minak (b. 1933), robāb and voiceZuqubeyk Gorminj, setārBeyk Mohammad Vātan Šāhzādeh, dayra instrument Robāb; Setār; Dāyra; Voice composer   author/poet   first line of poem Duny ā hama hi č kār-e dunyā [ey] dunyā hama hi č recorded by Sāsān Fātemi place of recording Dushanbe, Tajikistan date of recording 1999 duration 4:32 source Transoxania: Folk Music of Persian-Speaking People. Mahoor Institute of Culture and Art (M.CD-153), track 9, 0:00-4:32.Used with permissio…

or ŠERVĀNĪ, a Persian poet of the first half of the 12th century. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 2, pp. 169 FALAKĪ ŠARVĀNĪ (ŠERVĀNĪ), Abu’l-Neẓām Moḥammad, a Persian poet of the first half of the 6th/12th century. The only ruler mentioned in his published poems is the Šarvānšāh Manūčehr II, who ruled ca. 516-55/1122-61 (for these dates see Storey and de Blois, V/2, p. 248, n. 2). It is thus likely that Falakī died during his reign. The date 577/1181-82, which Taqī Kāšī and others give for h…

prominent mojtahed of Shiraz (1840-1901). He led the prayer at Wakīl Mosque, where he regularly preached, and for years he wielded great influence in the religious, political, and social affairs of the city. He was an active opponent of the tobacco concession and instigated a riot against it. A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 2, pp. 169-170 FĀL-ASĪRĪ, Ḥājj Sayyed ʿALĪ-AKBAR, prominent mojtahed of Shiraz (1256-1319/1840-1901; Encyclopædia Iranica | Articles). Born in Asīr, a village in the Galadār district of Fārs, he studied rel…

(b. Isfahan, 1926; d. Berlin, 30 December 1996), professor of Islamic studies at Cologne University (1974-96). A version of this article is available in print Volume IX, Fascicle 2, pp. 170-171 FALĀṬŪRĪ, ʿABD-AL-JAWĀD (b. Isfahan, 29 Dey 1304 Š./19 January 1926 ; d. Berlin 10 Dey 1375 Š./30 December 1996), professor of Islamic studies at Cologne University (1974-96). Falāṭūrī studied Arabic literature and the Islamic sciences with private tutors in his hometown of Isfahan while attending a German-Persian high school. He contin…

See BĀZ; BĀZDĀRĪ.