Encyclopaedia Iranica Online

the name of two places in Persia and Sogdiana. A version of this article is available in print Volume X, Fascicle 3, pp. 235 GABAE (Gk. Gábai), the name of two places in Persia and Sogdiana. 1. A town in Persis with the name Gábai, which apparently is derived from an unattested stem, OPers. * Gaba- (for an etymological hypothesis see Henning), is mentioned by Strabo (15.3.3) as being situated “somewhere in the upper (i.e., inland) parts of Persis” and being the site of a royal palace of the Achaemenid kings. Ptolemy ( Geography 6.4.7) listed Gábai among the towns in Persis, although the co…

Von Gabain was particularly interested in the question of the extent to which the religious ideas of the Central Asian peoples had been influenced by Zoroastrianism or other Iranian beliefs, and this perspective is reflected in several of her publications. A version of this article is available in print Volume X, Fascicle 3, pp. 235-237 GABAIN, ANNEMARIE VON, (b. 7 April 1901, d. 15 January 1993; FIGURE 1), German scholar who worked in the field of Central Asian (primarily Turkic) studies, first as a linguist but later as an art historian. After compl…

a hand-woven pile rug of coarse quality and medium size (90 ⨉ 150 cm or larger) characterized by an abstract design that relies upon open fields of color and a playfulness with geometry. This kind of rug is common among the tribes of the Zagros (Kurdish, Lori-speaking ethnic groups, Qašqāʾīs). A version of this article is available in print Volume X, Fascicle 3, pp. 237-239 GABBA ( gava in Kurdish and Lori, Īzadpanāh, s.v.; ḵersak in Baḵtīārī, Digard, pp. 128-31), a hand-woven pile rug of coarse quality and medium size (90 x 150 cm or larger) characterized by an abstr…

a New Persian term used from the earliest period as a technical term synonymous with mōḡ (magus). With the dwindling of the Zoroastrian community, the term came to have a pejorative implication. A version of this article is available in print Volume X, Fascicle 3, pp. 239-240 GABR ( gabrak, gawr, gaur “Zoroastrian”; gabrī, gabrakī “Zoroastrianism”), a New Persian term deriving, in all likelihood, from Aramaic GBRʾ/ gabrā (lit. man), which in the Sasanian period was used to indicate the free peasants in the region of Mesopotamia (Stayermanova, II, 25.2.1). The t…

See GŌR.

See Supplement.

The significance of Gabrieli’s contribution was widely recognized. He was a national member of Accademia dei Lincei since 1957 and served as its president in the years 1985-88; from 1968 to 1977 he was president of Istituto per l’Oriente. A version of this article is available in print Volume X, Fascicle 3, pp. 240-241 GABRIELI, FRANCESCO, Italian Arabist and orientalist (b. Rome, 27 April 1904; d. Rome, 13 December 1996; Figure 1), who contributed to the study of Persian literature. His first contact with Arabic literature was through his father G…

See CERAMICS.

See GYPSUM.

plasterwork or stucco. Gypsum plaster has been used as a building material in Persia for more than 2,500 years. Originally it may have been applied as a rendering to mud brick walls to protect them from the weather, but it was soon exploited for its decorative effects. A version of this article is available in print Volume X, Fascicle 3, pp. 242-244 GAČ-BORĪ, plasterwork or stucco. Gypsum plaster has been used as a building material in Persia for more than 2,500 years. Originally it may have been applied as a rendering to mud brick walls to protect them fr…

a village in the Karaj district, situated at an altitude of 2,210 m at 110 km northwest of Tehran and 7 km south of the Kandavān Tunnel on the main road to the Caspian coast. A version of this article is available in print Volume X, Fascicle 3, pp. 245 GAČSAR, a village in the Karaj district, situated at an altitude of 2,210 m at 110 km northwest of Tehran and 7 km south of the Kandavān Tunnel on the main road to the Caspian coast. It had a population of about 166 in 1365 Š./1986. Its farmlands on both sides of the Tehran-Čālūs road are irrigat…

town and oilfield in the province of Ḵūzestān, southwestern Persia. A version of this article is available in print Volume X, Fascicle 3, pp. 245 GAČSĀRĀN, town and oilfield in the province of Ḵūzestān, southwestern Persia. Gačsārān, located in the arid foothills of the Zagros, approximately 70 to 80 km southeast of Behbahān, owes its growth to the discovery of oil, which was found there in 1928. Gačsārān subsequently developed into one of the most important oilfields in Persia. It has been exploited commercially since …

See BEGGING.

(1883-1931), Ossetic writer. A version of this article is available in print Volume X, Fascicle 3, pp. 245-246 GÄDIATỊ (SEḰAYỊ FỊRT) COMAQ (Rus: ComakGadiev; b. 14 January 1883, d. 24 October 1931), Ossetic writer. Comaq was born in South Ossetia as the son of Gädiatị Seḱa. He studied for some years at the historical-philological faculty of the University of Dorpat, Estonia, but returned to the Caucasus during the civil troubles in 1905-7 and engaged in political activities; about this time his first poems appeared.…

lit. “pool of Ḵomm”; the name of a pool near a small oasis along the caravan route between the cities of Mecca and Medina, near an area currently known as Joḥfa.A version of this article is available in printVolume X, Fascicle 3, pp. 246-249 ḠADĪR ḴOMM (lit. “pool of Ḵomm”), the name of a pool near a small oasis along the caravan route between the cities of Mecca and Medina, near an area currently known as Joḥfa. According to Shiʿites, this is the site at which the Prophet Moḥammad announced the authority of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭāleb (q.v.) over t…

a demon. See UDA.

See ABU’L-ḤASAN KHAN ḠAFFĀRĪ .

See AMĪN-AL-DAWLA, ABŪ ṬĀLEB FARROḴ KHAN ḠAFFĀRĪ.

Following in the footsteps of his father, he began his career as one of Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah’s personal pages. He had already received the title amīn(-e) ḵalwat when he accompanied the shah on his second journey to Khorasan in 1883. His promotion to the position of chief musketeer in 1883-84 was followed by two other appointments. A version of this article is available in print Volume X, Fascicle 3, pp. 249-250 ḠAFFĀRĪ, ḠOLĀM-ḤOSAYN KHAN Amīn-e Ḵalwat (b. Tehran, 5 Moḥarram 1276/5 August 1859, d. 8 Farvardīn 1326 Š./28 March 1947; Figure 1), Qajar official from the time …

a prominent Qajar painter. See KAMĀL-AL-MOLK.