Encyclopaedia Iranica Online

See BALŪṬ.

a Persian poet from the Mongol period (d. ca. 770/1370), renowned above all for his satirical poems. ʿOBAYD ZĀKĀNI, Ḵᵛāja Neẓām-al-Din ʿObayd-Allāh Zākāni of Qazvin, a Persian poet from the Mongol period (d. ca. 770/1370), renowned above all for his satirical poems which inaugurated the passage from invective ad personam sparked by personal motives, a clear example of which can be found in the work of Suzani and of numerous poets of the Saljuqid period, to those with broader social and political agendas. The main butt of ʿObayd’s satire was what he conceived of as the ‘new ethics’ (see maḏhab…

a port of Lower Iraq during the classical and medieval Islamic periods. It lay in the delta region of the Tigris, at the head of the Šaṭṭ al-ʿArab, on the west bank of the Tigris and on the north side of the canal, the Nahr al-Obolla which, together with the Nahr Maʿqel, connected Obolla with Baṣra during the early Islamic period. OBOLLA, a port of Lower Iraq during the classical and medieval Islamic periods. It lay in the delta region of the Tigris, at the head of the Šaṭṭ al-ʿArab, on the west bank of the Tigris and on the north side of the canal, the N…

(1853-1918), Assyrian scholar and archbishop, born in Alqosh, north of Mosul, but who spent most of his adult life in Urmia, where he was killed. ŌDŌ, TŌMĀ (romanized: Thomas Audo; b. Alqosh, Iraq, 1853; d. Urmia, 27 July 1918; Figure 1, Figure 2), Assyrian scholar and archbishop. He was born in Alqosh, north of Mosul, but spent most of his adult life in Urmia, Azerbaijan, where he was killed. The Ōdō family raised many learned men and high-ranking clergymen to the Chaldean Catholic Assyrians of the Middle East. Tōmā Ōdō was the only one to serve in Persia. He be…

The Tāriḵ-e Oḡuz begins with a short genealogical and topographical introduction connecting the family of Oḡuz to that of Japheth, or Öljey/Oljāy Khan, as he is called in the text, and his son Dib Yāwqu Khan, who lived nomadic life around the lakes of Issyk-Kul and Balkhash. OḠUZ KHAN NARRATIVES The Oḡuz Khan narratives constitute a cycle of mythical accounts associated with the life, conquests, and descendants of Oḡuz, who is also called Oḡuz Khan, Oḡuz Qaḡan, Oḡuz Āqā, or Oḡuz Atā—the legendary ancestor of the Oḡuz tribes (see ḠOZZ). The title Oḡuz-nāma is frequently used to designat…