Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

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Edited by: P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs
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Glossary and Index of Terms treats the technical terms in Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Urdu and other languages or dialects of the Islamic world. As an index, it is of immeasurable importance, in particular for the many terms which are not given an entry but are discussed in the course of an article; and as glossary it is an invaluable source of information for both non-specialist, who is given an insight into the varied and rich vocabulary of Islam, and the specialist, who may discover surprising new contexts in which a term is used.

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ṭāʾ

(36 words)

ṭāʾ (A) : the sixteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet, with the numerical value 9, representing a vo…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tāʾ

(29 words)

tāʾ (A) : the third letter of the Arabic alphabet, with the numerical value 400, representing a voic…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭāʿa

(30 words)

ṭāʿa (A, pl. ṭāʿāt) : in theology, an act of obedience to God, contrasted with maʿṣiya, an act of disobedience to G…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿaddī

(42 words)

taʿaddī (A) : lit. transgression; in law, tort or negligence. Dāmād Ferīd Pas̲h̲a; Wadīʿa In grammar, transitivity…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿad̲j̲d̲j̲ub

(24 words)

taʿad̲j̲d̲j̲ub (A) : lit. amazement; in rhetoric, one of the basic effects or aims of the poetic pro…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿāḳul

(13 words)

taʿāḳul (A) : in law, joint liability by the ʿĀḳila. ʿĀḳila
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿalluḳ

(105 words)

taʿalluḳ (A), or more often, taʿalluḳa : lit. dependence, being related to, dependent on; in late Mug̲h̲a…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭaʿām

(8 words)

ṭaʿām (A) : food, nourishment. Taʿad̲j̲d̲j̲ub
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿammul

(9 words)

taʿammul (A) : in rhetoric, artificiality. Ṭarrār
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿarrub

(34 words)

taʿarrub (A) : in earliest Islam, the return (syn. tabaddā) to the Arabian desert after emigration, hid̲j̲ra, to the…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿāruḍ

(10 words)

taʿāruḍ (A) : in law, conflicting possibilities. S̲h̲arīʿa
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿaṣṣub

(16 words)

taʿaṣṣub (A), or tanaṭṭuʿ, tazammut, tas̲h̲addud : fanaticism, rigorism, synonyms of Taṭarruf. Tatar Pazarcik
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿaṭṭuf

(4 words)

taʿaṭṭuf ʿAṭf
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿāwun

(47 words)

taʿāwun (A) : mutual aid; in the 20th century, ~ took on the meaning of co-operation in all modern s…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿawwud̲h̲

(72 words)

taʿawwud̲h̲ (A) : the use of the phrase aʿūd̲h̲u bi ’llāhi min . . . (‘I take refuge from God against . . . ’), syn. istiʿād̲h…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿayyuf

(4 words)

taʿayyuf Taṭayyur
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭābaʿ

(29 words)

ṭābaʿ (Mor) : the seal, either on a seal ring or mounted on a stem, until recent times serving for t…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabaddā

(4 words)

tabaddā Taʿarrub
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabāhid̲j̲a

(35 words)

ṭabāhid̲j̲a : a dish, one of whose stages of preparation calls for a combination of saffron with hon…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭābaḳ

(4 words)

ṭābaḳ Ruḳāḳ
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabaḳa

(130 words)

ṭabaḳa (A, pl. ṭibāḳ) : in Mamlūk times, the barracks in the Cairo citadel where the Royal Mamlūks were…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabakkala

(4 words)

tabakkala Taḥas̲h̲s̲h̲ada
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabaḳ al-manāṭiḳ

(38 words)

ṭabaḳ al-manāṭiḳ (A) : in astronomy, an equatorium designed to determine the position of the planets…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabannin

(34 words)

tabannsup:in (A) : adoption, the giving of one’s name to another who does not belong within his ‘nat…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabar

(5 words)

ṭabar axe. al-Ṭabarī
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabardār

(4 words)

tabardār Balṭad̲j̲i̊
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabarī

(17 words)

ṭabarī (A) : a green silk brocade, known after their place of production, Ṭabaristān. Iran
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabarruʾ

(56 words)

tabarruʾ (A, P tabarrā) : in Islamic religious polemics, the doctrine of exemption or of disengagement,…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabarruk

(47 words)

tabarruk (A) : in mysticism, a casual method of affiliation with an order, little exacting in terms …
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabarzad

(4 words)

ṭabarzad Sukkar
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabās̲h̲īr

(32 words)

ṭabās̲h̲īr (A) : a medicament from the crystalline concretions in the internodes of the bamboo, know…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabattul

(13 words)

tabattul (A) : in mysticism, ‘consecration to God’. Kas̲h̲f; celibacy. K̲h̲āṣī
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabbāk̲h̲

(22 words)

ṭabbāk̲h̲ (A) : professional cook, unlike ṭāhī or s̲h̲āwī ‘roaster’, who was probably a slave and not a prof…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabbāl

(11 words)

ṭabbāl (A) : drummer; owner of a drum. Ṭabbāk̲h̲
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabbān

(9 words)

tabbān (A) : a straw seller. Sūḳ
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabdaba

(4 words)

tabdaba Aḳwāl
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabdīl

(4 words)

tabdīl Taḥrīf
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabīʿ

(14 words)

tabīʿ (A) : a cow or bull in its second year. Zakāt
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tābiʿ

(122 words)

tābiʿ (A, pl. tābiʿūn) : follower; and Itbāʿ; Posta; Ṣāḥib tābiʿūn (A) : the Follow…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭābiʿ

(4 words)

ṭābiʿ Tamg̲h̲a
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabīʿa

(56 words)

ṭabīʿa (A) : lit. nature, a term of Islamic science, philosophy and theology, usually translated in …
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭābil

(4 words)

ṭābil Ruḳāḳ
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabīla

(4 words)

ṭabīla S̲h̲aks̲h̲āk
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭābīnān

(4 words)

ṭābīnān (Bārgīr-)Suwār
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿbīr

(62 words)

taʿbīr (A) : ‘the passage of one thing to another, one sense to another’, hence ‘explanation’, like tafsīr, lit. comm…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabīra

(9 words)

tabīra : in music, a drum. Ṭabl-K̲h̲āna
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabk̲h̲

(25 words)

ṭabk̲h̲ (A) : the action of cooking either in a pot, by boiling or stewing, or by roasting, broiling…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tāb-k̲h̲āne

(20 words)

tāb-k̲h̲āne (T) : lodgings for dervishes added on both sides of the prayer hall of a mosque. Istanbul
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabl

(94 words)

ṭabl (A) : the generic name for any member of the drum family. Ṭabk̲h̲; or dawul, a rather large wooden double-head…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tablīg̲h̲

(9 words)

tablīg̲h̲ (A) : propagating the faith. Ṭabl-K̲h̲āna
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabriʾa

(49 words)

tabriʾa (A) : an Ibāḍī penal sanction ( tebriya), viz. ‘an indemnity paid by the parents of the murderer to …
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabs̲h̲īr

(38 words)

tabs̲h̲īr (A) : lit. proclamation, spreading of the good news; in modern works, term for Christian p…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabū

(12 words)

ṭabū (T) : in Ottoman administration, a land register. al-Ḳuds
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭābūn

(60 words)

ṭābūn (A), or ṭābūna : originally, the cavity in which a fire was made to shelter it from the wind; an …
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭabūr

(40 words)

ṭabūr (T) : in military usage, a pallisade formed of waggons arranged in a circle or square; a body …
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tābūt

(135 words)

tābūt (A) : coffin. Adiyaman; Kafan; the Ark in biblical times. al-Tallaʿfarī; ‘water-screw’, a kind…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabwīb

(22 words)

tabwīb (A) : in the science of Tradition, the bringing together of material in chapters under certai…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭābya

(81 words)

ṭābya (A) : in architecture, ‘cobwork’, a technique by which earth with which chalk and crushed bake…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tabyīt

(13 words)

tabyīt (A) : in religious law, each day of fasting. Ṣawm
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taḍabbaba

(25 words)

taḍabbaba (A), also taḥallama, ig̲h̲tāla : in the terminology of childhood, a verb which expresses the s…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taḍādd

(4 words)

taḍādd Ṭibāḳ
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taḍammun

(33 words)

taḍammun (A) : in literary criticism, ‘implication’, that is, ‘house’ denotes a ceiling, one of a th…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tadāris

(4 words)

tadāris Tadrīs
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tadāwul

(10 words)

tadāwul (A) : a mode of transmission. S̲h̲iʿr
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tadbīd̲j̲

(27 words)

tadbīd̲j̲ (A) : ‘brocading’, in rhetoric, a subcategory of Ṭibāḳ ‘antithesis’, a separate figure bas…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tadbīr

(87 words)

tadbīr (A) : when used synonymously with Siyāsa, ~ means government, administration; in the phrase ~ al-manzil, ~ is…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taḍhiya

(23 words)

taḍhiya (A) : the act of displaying; in the Qurʾānic story of the creation, the spreading out of the earth. K̲h̲alḳ
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tad̲h̲kira

(93 words)

tad̲h̲kira (A, pl. tad̲h̲ākīr) : memorandum, or aide-mémoire. ʿAbd al-Muʾmin; Tadbīr In the science of diplomat…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tad̲h̲yīl

(30 words)

tad̲h̲yīl (A) : in prosody, a deviation in the metre because of the addition of a quiescent consonant to the watid mad̲j…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taḍʿīf

(13 words)

taḍʿīf (A) : in mathematics, the term for duplation. ʿIlm al-Ḥisāb
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿdīl

(117 words)

taʿdīl (A) : in law, the attestation of the ʿAdāla of a witness; the procedure for substantiating the ʿadāla is also k…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tād̲j̲

(79 words)

tād̲j̲ (A, < P; pl. tīd̲j̲ān) : crown, an object, like the name, that came from old Persia. Tād̲j̲; durin…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tad̲j̲a

(4 words)

tad̲j̲a Taʿziya
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tad̲j̲aʿfara

(12 words)

tad̲j̲aʿfara (A) : to convert to Imāmism. Sayyid Ḥasan G̲h̲aznawī
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tad̲j̲allī

(49 words)

tad̲j̲allī (A) : in mysticism, the manifestation of God to a person at the time of Judgement and the…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tad̲j̲ānus

(9 words)

tad̲j̲ānus (A) : in rhetoric, paronomasia. al-Rummānī
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tad̲j̲dīd

(27 words)

tad̲j̲dīd (A) : renewal, both in terms of renewal of the religion and of the Arab Muslim world in it…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tād̲j̲īk

(73 words)

tād̲j̲īk (P) : term used to designate the Persians, as opposed to the Turks. By the 19th century, ~ …
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tād̲j̲ir

(31 words)

tād̲j̲ir (A) : a merchant, trader; the cognomen of al-Tād̲j̲ir was known for merchants who traded outside the…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿd̲j̲īra

(15 words)

taʿd̲j̲īra (Tun) : a large embroidered shawl, worn by women in Tunisia. Libās
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tad̲j̲mīr

(24 words)

tad̲j̲mīr (A) : in early military and administrative usage, ‘keeping the troops quartered on distant…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tad̲j̲nīs

(67 words)

tad̲j̲nīs (A) : in prosody, paronomasia. S̲h̲iʿr; Tad̲j̲mīr tad̲j̲nīs is̲h̲tiḳāḳ (…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tad̲j̲rīd

(9 words)

tad̲j̲rīd (A) : abstraction. Taṣwīr; Uṣūl al-Fiḳh
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tad̲j̲wīd

(33 words)

tad̲j̲wīd (A) : lit. to make better; the art of reciting the Qurʾān; the orthoepic rules of Qurʾān reading (Ḳirāʾa; Tilā…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tad̲j̲ziʾa

(7 words)

tad̲j̲ziʾa (A) : specialisation. Uṣūliyya
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tadlīs

(90 words)

tadlīs (A, < L dolus) : ‘concealing defects’, a term of Islamic law used in both the law of sale and con…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taḍmīn

(90 words)

taḍmīn (A) : lit. inclusion; in prosody, ‘quotation’, a rhetorical figure where a poem by another au…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tadrīs

(105 words)

tadrīs (A) : in classical and mediaeval periods, the teaching of the religious law, fiḳh; when combined with a qua…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tadwīn

(62 words)

tadwīn (A) : in the science of Tradition, the collecting of traditions in writing in order to derive…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tadwīr

(36 words)

tadwīr (A) : in astronomy, an epicycle, embedded within the deferent, that contained the actual plan…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taḍyīḳ

(71 words)

taḍyīḳ (A) : in literary theory, a term invented by al-Suyūṭī, according to his own testimony, for d…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tafarnud̲j̲

(34 words)

tafarnud̲j̲ (A, P g̲h̲arbzada[gī], T alafranga[lik] ‘West-struck[ness]) : lit. adopting, imitating or api…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tafarrud̲j̲

(29 words)

tafarrud̲j̲ (A, T teferrüd̲j̲) : in Ottoman guilds, a ceremony, wherein the master awarded his pupil wi…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tafāwut-i ʿamal

(42 words)

tafāwut-i ʿamal (P) : under the Ḳād̲j̲ārs, a sum levied by the provincial governors in addition to t…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tafḍīl

(42 words)

tafḍīl (A) : lit. superiority, the act of raising something to a higher level or degree. In grammar, the elative, th…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

ṭaff

(17 words)

ṭaff (A) : an area raised above the surrounding country or fringe, edge, bank. Tafarnud̲j̲
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tafih

(4 words)

tafih Malīk̲h̲
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tafʿīl

(14 words)

tafʿīl Wazn tafʿīla (A) : in metrics, the constituent metrical foot. Ḳābādū
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

taʿfīn

(4 words)

taʿfīn Takwīn
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

tafk̲h̲īm

(20 words)

tafk̲h̲īm (A) : in grammar, velarisation. A letter that is velarised is called mufak̲h̲k̲h̲am. Pūr-i Bahāʾ; Ṣawti…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms
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