Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

Get access Subject: Middle East And Islamic Studies
Edited by: P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs
Assisted by C. Ott, under the patronage of the International Union of Acadamies

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Glossary and Index of Terms treats the technical terms in Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Urdu and other languages or dialects of the Islamic world. As an index, it is of immeasurable importance, in particular for the many terms which are not given an entry but are discussed in the course of an article; and as glossary it is an invaluable source of information for both non-specialist, who is given an insight into the varied and rich vocabulary of Islam, and the specialist, who may discover surprising new contexts in which a term is used.

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yāʾ

(31 words)

yāʾ (A) : the twenty-eighth letter of the Arabic alphabet, with the numerical value 10. It stands for the semivowel y an…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yābānī

(14 words)

yābānī (A) : in modern Arabic, a person of Japanese descent. Yāʾ
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yabg̲h̲u

(43 words)

yabg̲h̲u (T) : an ancient Turkish title, found in the Ork̲h̲on inscriptions to denote an office or r…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yabrūḥ

(74 words)

yabrūḥ (A) : in botany, the Mandragora or mandrake ( Mandragora officinarum, Solanaceae, also called Atropa mandrag…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yad

(46 words)

yad (A) : lit. hand, ~ covers a vast semantic range: power, help, strength, sufficiency, ability to …
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yada tas̲h̲

(85 words)

yada tas̲h̲ (T) : lit. rain stone, appearing in Arabic texts as ḥad̲j̲ar al-maṭar, a magical stone by means of wh…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yādgār

(23 words)

yādgār (P) : lit. souvenir, keepsake; in numismatics, any special issue of coins struck for a variet…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yaʿḍid

(4 words)

yaʿḍid ʿAlat̲h̲
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yāfiʿ

(21 words)

yāfiʿ (A) : in the terminology of childhood, ‘a boy grown up . . . grown tall’ (Lane). Ṣag̲h̲īr
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yafta

(4 words)

yafta Ḥirz
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yag̲h̲mā

(7 words)

yag̲h̲mā (P) : plunder. Yag̲h̲ma
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yaḥmūr

(4 words)

yaḥmūr Baḳar
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yahūd

(24 words)

yahūd (A, < Ar, s. yahūdī) : the common collective singular for ‘Jews’. A less common plural hūd is also used. Yag̲h̲…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yak̲h̲čāl

(19 words)

yak̲h̲čāl (P) : in architecture, a mud-brick structure built in Iran to make and store ice. Iran
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yak̲h̲s̲h̲a

(10 words)

yak̲h̲s̲h̲a (Pah) : a pearl. Ṣīr Banī Yās
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yaḳīn

(10 words)

yaḳīn (A) : in law, a certainty. Wuḍūʾ
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yaḳḳās̲h̲

(4 words)

yaḳḳās̲h̲ Ayḳas̲h̲
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yaktār

(4 words)

yaktār Tār
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yaḳṭīn

(19 words)

yaḳṭīn (A) : a plant mentioned in the Qurʾān, probably a kind of Cucurbitacea. Masd̲j̲id; al-Mawṣil; Naʿām
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yaʿḳūbī

(53 words)

yaʿḳūbī (A, pl. yaʿḳūbiyyūn, yaʿāḳiba, yaʿḳūbiyya) : a Jacobite Christian, the designation for a member o…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yāḳūt

(119 words)

yāḳūt (A, < Gk) : in mineralogy, corundum, a crystallised form of alumina [A1sub:2Osub:3] which occurs in many co…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yali̊

(27 words)

yali̊ (T, < Gk) : lit. bank, shore; in Ottoman times, a residence, villa built on the edge of the wa…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yaltuma

(39 words)

yaltuma (T) : a musical instrument of the pandore type, but smaller with three strings and a waisted…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yām

(101 words)

yām (A, P; < Mon ḳam) : the effective network of communications established by the Mongols to control the…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yamaḳ

(36 words)

yamaḳ (T) : ‘adjunct’; in the Ottoman army, an assistant to an auxiliary soldier, Es̲h̲kind̲j̲i. Esʿ…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yamāma

(17 words)

yamāma (A) : in zoology, wild pigeon, as opposed to the domesticated pigeon, Ḥamām. Yām
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yamīn

(152 words)

yamīn (A, pl. aymān, aymun) : lit. the right hand, but often used in Arabic with the transferred sense o…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yamk̲h̲ūr

(13 words)

yamk̲h̲ūr (A, pl. yamāk̲h̲īr) : in zoology, the drone bee. Naḥl
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yanbūʿ

(9 words)

yanbūʿ (A) : well. Yamūt b. al-Muzarraʿ
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yār

(15 words)

yār (T) : eroded, vertical bank or gorge of a river, cliff. Yārkand
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yarāʿ

(26 words)

yarāʿ (A) : in music, a flute, blown into from a hole as distinct from the Mizmār, a reed pipe. Malā…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yarbūʿ

(67 words)

yarbūʿ (A, < Ar) : in zoology, the jerboa. jumping mouse or jumping hare ( Jaculus) of the class of rodents and fam…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yarg̲h̲u

(39 words)

yarg̲h̲u (T) : trial, interrogation, the Mongolian tribunal or court of justice, hence yarg̲h̲uči, a judge. Accor…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yarıcılık

(32 words)

yarıcılık (T) : a land-leasing system in Turkey, in which the peasant uses his own tools, plough and…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yarli̊g̲h̲

(37 words)

yarli̊g̲h̲ (T), or yarli̊ḳ : under the Mongols and their successor states, a decree, edict, command, co…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yāsā

(31 words)

yāsā (Mon) : law, decree, order; in the phrase ‘the Great ~ of Čingiz Ḵh̲ān’, a comprehensive legal …
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yasaḳ

(103 words)

yasaḳ : a tribute. Temes̲h̲wār yasaḳ-ḳulu (T) : under the Ottomans, a special …
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yāsamīn

(58 words)

yāsamīn (A), yāsimīn, yāsamūn : in botany, the jasmine shrub. Several sub-species are found in the Arab…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yasar

(24 words)

yasar (A, pl. aysār) : a player of Maysir; those who presided over the division of the parts were called al-yāsirūn. al-…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yas̲h̲m

(22 words)

yas̲h̲m (P) : in mineralogy, jade, known to Eastern Turkic peoples as kas̲h̲ and to the Mongols as k̲h̲as. Yasawiyya
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yāsid̲j̲

(19 words)

yāsid̲j̲ (T ?) : an arrow with a flat-edged head, recommended for hunting the wild boar. K̲h̲inzīr
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yaʿsūb

(4 words)

yaʿsūb Naḥl
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yatīm

(62 words)

yatīm (A, yatāmā) : a child, below the age of puberty, who has lost his father (after puberty ~ is not…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yatīma

(31 words)

yatīma (A) : known as al-yatīma, a large white gem, weighing seven dirhams, one of the many gems in the t…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yati̊r

(4 words)

yati̊r Ermis̲h̲
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yattūʿ

(19 words)

yattūʿ (A) : in botany, wolfs’ milk, of the class of Euphorbia, a gum resin. Sambas; Summ
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yawa

(26 words)

yawa (T), or ḳačḳun : one of the occasional (Bād-I Hawā) taxes paid in the Ottoman empire while recover…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yawm

(352 words)

yawm (A, pl. ayyām) : day, the whole 24-hour cycle making up a day, with Nahār meaning ‘the daylight pe…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yay

(4 words)

yay Kemān
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yaya

(45 words)

yaya (T) : lit. pedestrian; in the Ottoman military of the 14th-16th centuries, infantryman. Sand̲j̲…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yaylaḳ

(121 words)

yaylaḳ (T, < yay ‘spring’, later ‘summer’) : summer quarters, the upland pastures favoured by the nomad…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yaym

(4 words)

yaym Aym
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yazak

(14 words)

yazak (P) : in military science, an advanced guard (syn. Ṭalīʿa). Ṭalīʿa
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yazīdī

(50 words)

yazīdī (A, K ēzdī, ēzdīdī) : member of a mainly Kurdish-speaking group, yazīdiyya, whose communal identity is de…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yazi̊d̲j̲i̊

(39 words)

yazi̊d̲j̲i̊ (T) : lit. writer, secretary, used in Ottoman times for the clerks in the various govern…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yelek

(40 words)

yelek (T, A) : a woman’s long coat, tightly fitting, worn in the Arab East; a long vest worn by both…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yemeni

(21 words)

yemeni (T) : light shoes worn by the Zeybek in Western Anatolia as part of their folk costume. Zeybek
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yeni čeri

(71 words)

yeni čeri (T) : lit. new troop; the Janissary corps, a body of professional, that is, salaried, infan…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yerliyya

(26 words)

yerliyya (T, A, < T yerlü ‘local’) : during the Ottoman empire, term used by Damascene sources for the lo…
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms

yerlü

(4 words)

yerlü Tat
Source: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Glossary and Index of Terms
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