Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE

Abdülbaki Fevzi (ʿAbd al-Bāqī Fawzī) Uluboy (1885–1956), a Turkish poet, was born in Çorum, in north-central Anatolia, where he received his basic education. He continued with private lessons in Arabic, French, Persian, history, and law, and in 1909, he began working as a teacher. He was first employed in Çorum, then in several other Turkish towns (İzmit, İnebolu, Kastamonu), and finally, after 1919 (punctuated by short interludes elsewhere), in Istanbul. In the 1920s, he also engaged in business and ran a small shop that sold bottles in Istanbul’s Sirkeci district. Abdülbaki publish…

ʿUmar b. Hubayra (d. between 105/724 and 107/726) was an Umayyad military leader who served as governor of Iraq during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik (r. 101–5/720–24). He is generally described as a fierce partisan of the Qays tribal bloc, though his initial success as a military leader came during the reign of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (r. 99–101/717–20), whom modern historians consider to be pro-Yemeni. Feuds between these two vaguely-defined tribal blocs often serve as explanations for conflicts in early Islamic history. He first appears in the sources as l…

Contrary to popular perceptions of religious homogeneity, Muslims in the United Kingdom represent a microcosm of Islam’s global diversity, a consequence of the fact that over the last 150 years Muslims have migrated to the British Isles from many different parts of the world. 1. The Pre-Second World War Muslim presence The first relatively permanent Muslim populations to settle in the UK consisted primarily of sailors but also included merchants, itinerant entertainers, servants, princes, students, and a sprinkling from the professional classes.…